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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended: March 31, 2025

or

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from             to 
Commission file number: 001-31343

Associated Banc-Corp
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Wisconsin39-1098068
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
433 Main Street
Green Bay,Wisconsin54301
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)
(920491-7500
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
(not applicable)
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.01 per shareASBNew York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shrs, each representing 1/40th intrst in a shr of 5.875% Non-Cum. Perp Pref Stock, Srs EASB PrENew York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shrs, each representing 1/40th intrst in a shr of 5.625% Non-Cum. Perp Pref Stock, Srs FASB PrFNew York Stock Exchange
6.625% Fixed-Rate Reset Subordinated Notes due 2033ASBANew York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes          No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes          No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerAccelerated filer 
Non-accelerated filer  Smaller reporting company  
Emerging growth company 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes          No  
APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:

The number of shares outstanding of registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, at April 25, 2025 was 165,809,595.
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ASSOCIATED BANC-CORP
Table of Contents
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ASSOCIATED BANC-CORP
Commonly Used Terms
The following listing provides a reference of common acronyms, abbreviations, and other defined terms used throughout the document:
ABLAsset-Based Lending
ACLLAllowance for Credit Losses on Loans
AFSAvailable for Sale
ALCO Asset / Liability Committee
ASUAccounting Standards Update
the BankAssociated Bank, National Association
Basel IIIInternational framework established by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision for the regulation of capital and liquidity
bpbasis point(s)
BTFPBank Term Funding Program
CDsCertificates of Deposit
CDIsCore Deposit Intangibles
CECLCurrent Expected Credit Losses
CET1Common Equity Tier 1
Corporation / ourAssociated Banc-Corp collectively with all of its subsidiaries and affiliates
CRACommunity Reinvestment Act
CRECommercial Real Estate
EAREarnings at Risk
Exchange ActSecurities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
FDICFederal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Federal ReserveBoard of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
FFELPFederal Family Education Loan Program
FHLBFederal Home Loan Bank
FHLMCFederal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
FICOFair Isaac Corporation, provider of a broad-based risk score to aid in credit decisions
FNMAFederal National Mortgage Association
FTEsFull-time equivalent employees
FTPFunds Transfer Pricing
GAAPGenerally Accepted Accounting Principles
GNMAGovernment National Mortgage Association
GSEGovernment-Sponsored Enterprise
HTMHeld to Maturity
LTVLoan-to-Value
Moody's
Moody’s Investors Service
MSRsMortgage Servicing Rights
MVEMarket Value of Equity
NAVNet Asset Value measured at fair value per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient
Net Free FundsNoninterest-bearing sources of funds
NPAsNonperforming Assets
OCIOther Comprehensive Income
OREOOther Real Estate Owned
Parent CompanyAssociated Banc-Corp individually
RAPRetirement Account Plan - the Corporation's noncontributory defined benefit retirement plan
Repurchase AgreementsSecurities sold under agreements to repurchase
Restricted Stock AwardsRestricted common stock and restricted common stock units to certain key employees
3


Retirement Eligible ColleaguesColleagues whose retirement meets the early retirement or normal retirement definitions under the applicable equity compensation plan
SBASmall Business Administration
SECU.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Series E Preferred StockThe Corporation's 5.875% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series E, liquidation preference $1,000 per share
Series F Preferred StockThe Corporation's 5.625% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series F, liquidation preference $1,000 per share
SOFRSecured Overnight Finance Rate
YTDYear-to-Date

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PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1.Financial Statements:
ASSOCIATED BANC-CORP
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 Mar 31, 2025Dec 31, 2024
 (In thousands, except share and per share data)
(Unaudited)(Audited)
Assets
Cash and due from banks$521,323 $544,059 
Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions711,033 453,590 
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell105 21,955 
AFS investment securities, at fair value4,796,570 4,581,434 
HTM investment securities, net, at amortized cost3,705,793 3,738,687 
Equity securities23,331 23,242 
FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank stocks, at cost194,244 179,665 
Residential loans held for sale47,611 646,687 
Commercial loans held for sale7,910 32,634 
Loans30,294,127 29,768,586 
Allowance for loan losses(371,348)(363,545)
Loans, net29,922,780 29,405,041 
Tax credit and other investments254,187 258,886 
Premises and equipment, net377,521 379,093 
Bank and corporate owned life insurance690,551 689,000 
Goodwill1,104,992 1,104,992 
Other intangible assets, net29,457 31,660 
Mortgage servicing rights, net86,251 87,683 
Interest receivable159,729 167,772 
Other assets675,748 676,987 
Total assets$43,309,136 $43,023,068 
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits$6,135,946 $5,775,657 
Interest-bearing deposits29,060,767 28,872,777 
Total deposits35,196,713 34,648,434 
Short-term funding311,335 470,369 
FHLB advances2,027,297 1,853,807 
Other long-term funding591,382 837,635 
Allowance for unfunded commitments35,276 38,776 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities460,574 568,485 
Total liabilities$38,622,578 $38,417,506 
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred equity$194,112 $194,112 
Common equity
Common stock$1,890 $1,890 
Surplus2,040,419 2,047,349 
Retained earnings2,979,526 2,919,252 
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss)(35,144)(74,416)
Treasury stock, at cost(494,246)(482,626)
Total common equity4,492,446 4,411,450 
Total stockholders’ equity4,686,558 4,605,562 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$43,309,136 $43,023,068 
Preferred shares authorized (par value $1.00 per share)
750,000 750,000 
Preferred shares issued and outstanding200,000 200,000 
Common shares authorized (par value $0.01 per share)
250,000,000 250,000,000 
Common shares issued189,016,409 189,016,409 
Common shares outstanding165,806,623 166,177,658 
Numbers may not recalculate due to rounding conventions.

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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Item 1. Financial Statements Continued:
ASSOCIATED BANC-CORP
Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)
 Three Months Ended Mar 31,
 (In thousands, except per share data)
20252024
Interest income
Interest and fees on loans$433,299 $454,472 
Interest and dividends on investment securities
Taxable69,702 46,548 
Tax-exempt13,956 14,774 
Other interest8,920 7,595 
Total interest income525,877 523,388 
Interest expense
Interest on deposits209,140 226,231 
Interest on federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase3,622 2,863 
Interest on other short-term funding 4,708 
Interest on FHLB advances16,090 21,671 
Interest on other long-term funding11,085 10,058 
Total interest expense239,937 265,530 
Net interest income285,941 257,858 
Provision for credit losses13,003 24,001 
Net interest income after provision for credit losses272,938 233,857 
Noninterest income
Wealth management fees22,498 21,694 
Service charges and deposit account fees12,814 12,439 
Card-based fees10,442 11,267 
Other fee-based revenue5,251 4,402 
Capital markets, net4,345 4,050 
Mortgage banking, net3,822 2,662 
Loss on mortgage portfolio sale(6,976) 
Bank and corporate owned life insurance 5,204 2,570 
Asset losses, net(878)(306)
Investment securities gains, net4 3,879 
Other2,251 2,327 
Total noninterest income58,776 64,985 
Noninterest expense
Personnel123,897 119,395 
Technology27,139 26,200 
Occupancy15,381 13,633 
Business development and advertising6,386 6,517 
Equipment4,527 4,599 
Legal and professional6,083 4,672 
Loan and foreclosure costs2,594 1,979 
FDIC assessment10,436 13,946 
Other intangible amortization2,203 2,203 
Other11,974 4,513 
Total noninterest expense210,619 197,657 
Income before income taxes121,095 101,185 
Income tax expense19,409 20,016 
Net income101,687 81,169 
Preferred stock dividends2,875 2,875 
Net income available to common equity$98,812 $78,294 
Earnings per common share
Basic$0.60 $0.52 
Diluted$0.59 $0.52 
Average common shares outstanding
Basic165,228 149,855 
Diluted166,604 151,292 
Numbers may not recalculate due to rounding conventions.
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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Item 1. Financial Statements Continued:
ASSOCIATED BANC-CORP
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
Three Months Ended Mar 31,
($ in thousands)20252024
Net income$101,687 $81,169 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
AFS investment securities
Net unrealized gains (losses)31,832 (29,889)
Amortization of net unrealized losses on AFS securities transferred to HTM securities1,927 2,060 
Reclassification adjustment for net losses realized in net income 197 
Income tax (expense) benefit (8,420)6,885 
Other comprehensive income (loss) on AFS securities25,339 (20,746)
Cash flow hedge derivatives
Net unrealized gains (losses)7,268 (19,461)
Reclassification adjustment for net losses realized in net income1,118 4,823 
Income tax benefit (expense)2,018 (1,688)
Other comprehensive income (loss) on cash flow hedge derivatives10,403 (16,326)
Defined benefit pension and postretirement obligations
Amortization of prior service cost(63)(72)
Net actuarial gain4,770  
Amortization of actuarial gain(4)(7)
Income tax expense(1,173)(1,633)
Other comprehensive income (loss) on pension and postretirement obligations3,530 (1,712)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)39,272 (38,785)
Comprehensive income$140,959 $42,384 
Numbers may not recalculate due to rounding conventions.
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Item 1. Financial Statements Continued:
ASSOCIATED BANC-CORP
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)
(In thousands, except per share data)Preferred EquityCommon StockSurplusRetained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
 (Loss)
Treasury StockTotal
Balance, December 31, 2024$194,112 $1,890 $2,047,349 $2,919,252 $(74,416)$(482,626)$4,605,562 
Comprehensive income:
Net income— — — 101,687 — — 101,687 
Other comprehensive (loss)— — — — 39,272 — 39,272 
Comprehensive income140,959 
Common stock issued:
Public common stock offering— — (52)— — — (52)
Stock-based compensation plans, net— — (14,297)— — 16,489 2,192 
Purchase of treasury stock, open market purchases— — — — — (22,292)(22,292)
Purchase of treasury stock, stock-based compensation plans— — — — — (5,816)(5,816)
Cash dividends:
Common stock(a)
— — — (38,538)— — (38,538)
Preferred stock(b)
— — — (2,875)— — (2,875)
Stock-based compensation expense, net— — 7,419 — — — 7,419 
Balance, March 31, 2025$194,112 $1,890 $2,040,419 $2,979,526 $(35,144)$(494,246)$4,686,558 
Numbers may not recalculate due to rounding conventions.
(a) Common stock dividends of $0.23 per share.
(b) Preferred stock dividends for Series E of $0.3671875 per share and for Series F of $0.3515625 per share.


(In thousands, except per share data)Preferred EquityCommon StockSurplusRetained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Treasury StockTotal
Balance, December 31, 2023$194,112 $1,752 $1,714,822 $2,946,805 $(171,096)$(512,421)$4,173,973 
Comprehensive income:
Net income— — — 81,169 — — 81,169 
Other comprehensive income— — — — (38,785)— (38,785)
Comprehensive income42,384 
Common stock issued:
Stock-based compensation plans, net— — (13,839) — 17,749 3,910 
Purchase of treasury stock, open market purchases— — — — — (18,289)(18,289)
Purchase of treasury stock, stock-based compensation plans— — — — — (4,572)(4,572)
Cash dividends:
Common stock(a)
— — — (33,527)— — (33,527)
Preferred stock(b)
— — — (2,875)— — (2,875)
Stock-based compensation expense, net— — 7,669 — — — 7,669 
Balance, March 31, 2024$194,112 $1,752 $1,708,652 $2,991,571 $(209,881)$(517,533)$4,168,673 
Numbers may not recalculate due to rounding conventions.
(a) Common stock dividends of $0.22 per share.
(b) Preferred stock dividends for Series E of $0.3671875 per share and for Series F of $0.3515625 per share.

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.




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Item 1. Financial Statements Continued:
ASSOCIATED BANC-CORP
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
Three Months Ended Mar 31,
 ($ in thousands)
20252024
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income$101,687 $81,169 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for credit losses13,003 24,001 
Depreciation and amortization13,981 12,352 
Change in MSRs valuation1,047 (1,646)
Amortization of other intangible assets2,203 2,203 
Amortization and accretion on earning assets, funding, and other, net6,336 10,673 
Net amortization of tax credit investments8,689 8,990 
Gains on sales of investment securities, net (3,857)
Asset losses, net878 306 
Loss (gain) on mortgage banking activities, net329 (22)
Loss on mortgage portfolio sale6,976  
Mortgage loans originated and acquired for sale(92,584)(105,394)
Proceeds from sales of mortgage loans held for sale105,642 91,026 
Changes in certain assets and liabilities:
Decrease in interest receivable8,044 2,477 
(Decrease) increase in interest payable(2,025)15,590 
Decrease in expense payable(53,261)(30,827)
(Decrease) increase in net derivative position(36,128)35,008 
Net change in other assets and other liabilities13,349 12,453 
Net cash provided by operating activities98,166 154,500 
Cash flows from investing activities
Net increase in loans(513,237)(222,656)
Purchases of:
AFS securities(391,952)(341,275)
HTM securities(994) 
FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank stocks and equity securities(71,364)(16,585)
Proceeds from:
Sales of AFS securities 9,472 
Sales of FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank stocks and equity securities56,786 98,005 
Prepayments, calls, and maturities of AFS securities 206,882 176,266 
Prepayments, calls, and maturities of HTM securities 34,673 28,026 
Sales, prepayments, calls, and maturities of other assets2,631 4,337 
Sale of mortgage portfolio564,375  
Premises, equipment, and software(7,472)(8,500)
Net change in tax credit and alternative investments(7,448)(2,409)
Net cash used in investing activities(127,119)(275,320)
Cash flows from financing activities
Net increase in deposits548,279 267,109 
Net (decrease) increase in short-term funding(159,033)438,891 
Net increase (decrease) in short-term FHLB advances170,000 (602,000)
Repayment of long-term FHLB advances(32)(664)
Proceeds from long-term FHLB advances 619 
Repayment of finance lease principal(22)(22)
Repayment of long-term funding(250,000) 
Proceeds from issuance of common stock for stock-based compensation plans2,192 3,910 
Purchase of treasury stock, open market purchases(22,292)(18,289)
Purchase of treasury stock, stock-based compensation plans(5,816)(4,572)
Cash dividends on common stock(38,538)(33,527)
Cash dividends on preferred stock(2,875)(2,875)
Payments for other financing activities(52) 
Net cash provided by financing activities241,810 48,580 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents212,856 (72,239)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period1,019,604 923,823 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period(a)
$1,232,460 $851,583 
Numbers may not recalculate due to rounding conventions.
(a) No restricted cash due to the Federal Reserve reducing the required reserve ratio to zero.
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ASSOCIATED BANC-CORP
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
Three Months Ended Mar 31,
 ($ in thousands)
20252024
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information
Cash paid for interest$241,667 $249,660 
Cash (received) paid for income and franchise taxes(16,183)1,995 
Loans and bank premises transferred to OREO8,328 577 
Capitalized mortgage servicing rights1,346 877 
Loans transferred from held for sale into portfolio, net(45,077)(86,096)
Fair value adjustments on hedged long-term FHLB advances and subordinated debt(6,997)10,210 
Fair value adjustments on foreign currency exchange forwards(550)2,708 
Fair value adjustments on cash flow hedges10,403 (16,326)

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Item 1. Financial Statements Continued:
ASSOCIATED BANC-CORP
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
These interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared according to the rules and regulations of the SEC and, therefore, certain information and footnote disclosures normally presented in accordance with GAAP have been omitted or abbreviated. The information contained on the consolidated financial statements and footnotes in Associated Banc-Corp's 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K should be referred to in connection with the reading of these unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.
Note 1 Basis of Presentation
In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows of the Corporation for the periods presented, and all such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet and revenues and expenses for the period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. The determination of the ACLL is particularly susceptible to significant change. Management has evaluated subsequent events for potential recognition or disclosure.
Within the tables presented, certain columns and rows may not recalculate due to the use of rounded numbers for disclosure purposes.
Note 2 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The accounting and reporting policies of the Corporation conform to U.S. GAAP and to general practice within the financial services industry. A discussion of these policies can be found in Note 1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies included in the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Future Accounting Pronouncements
The expected impact of applicable material accounting pronouncements recently issued or proposed but not yet required to be adopted are discussed in the table below. To the extent that the adoption of new accounting standards materially affects the Corporation's financial condition, results of operations, liquidity or disclosures, the impacts are discussed in the applicable sections of this financial review.
StandardDescriptionDate of Anticipated AdoptionEffect on Financial Statements
ASU 2023-09 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax DisclosuresThe amendments in this update address investor requests for more transparency about income tax information through improvements to income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. This update also includes certain other amendments to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and are to be applied on a prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted.Annual period ending December 31, 2025The Corporation will adopt the enhanced income tax related disclosures within the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025.
ASU 2024-03 Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40)The amendments in this update require a public business entity to disclose specific information about certain costs and expenses in the notes to its financial statements for interim and annual reporting periods. The objective of the disclosure requirements is to provide disaggregated information about a public business entity's expenses to help investors (a) better understand the entity's performance, (b) better assess the entity's prospects for future cash flows, and (c) compare an entity's performance over time and with that of other entities. The amendments in this update are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted.Annual period ending December 31, 2027 and subsequent interim periodsThe Corporation is currently evaluating the impact on its disclosures.
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Note 3 Earnings Per Common Share
Earnings per common share are calculated utilizing the two-class method. Basic earnings per common share are calculated by dividing the sum of distributed earnings to common shareholders and undistributed earnings allocated to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per common share are calculated by dividing the sum of distributed earnings to common shareholders and undistributed earnings allocated to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding adjusted for the dilutive effect of common stock awards (outstanding stock options and unvested restricted stock awards). Presented below are the calculations for basic and diluted earnings per common share:
 Three Months Ended Mar 31,
 ($ in thousands, except per share data)20252024
Net income$101,687 $81,169 
Preferred stock dividends(2,875)(2,875)
Net income available to common equity98,812 78,294 
Common shareholder dividends(38,333)(33,407)
Unvested share-based payment awards(206)(120)
Undistributed earnings$60,274 $44,767 
Undistributed earnings allocated to common shareholders$59,997 $44,524 
Undistributed earnings allocated to unvested share-based payment awards277 242 
Undistributed earnings$60,274 $44,767 
Basic
Distributed earnings to common shareholders$38,333 $33,407 
Undistributed earnings allocated to common shareholders59,997 44,524 
Total common shareholders earnings, basic$98,329 $77,932 
Diluted
Distributed earnings to common shareholders$38,333 $33,407 
Undistributed earnings allocated to common shareholders59,997 44,524 
Total common shareholders earnings, diluted$98,329 $77,932 
Weighted average common shares outstanding165,228 149,855 
Effect of dilutive common stock awards1,377 1,436 
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding166,604 151,292 
Basic earnings per common share$0.60 $0.52 
Diluted earnings per common share$0.59 $0.52 
Excluded from the earnings per common share calculations were 1 million and 2 million anti-dilutive common stock options for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Note 4 Stock-Based Compensation
The fair values of stock options and restricted stock awards are amortized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the grants. For colleagues who meet the definition of retirement eligible under the 2020 Incentive Compensation Plan, expenses related to stock options and restricted stock awards are fully recognized on the date the colleague meets the definition of normal or early retirement. Compensation expense recognized is included in personnel expense on the consolidated statements of income.
A summary of the Corporation’s stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2025 is presented below:
Stock Options
Shares(a)
Weighted Average
Exercise Price
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term
Aggregate Intrinsic Value(a)
Outstanding at December 31, 20241,778 $22.36 3.41 years$3,693 
Exercised50 17.93 
Forfeited or expired  
Outstanding at March 31, 20251,728 $22.49 3.17 years$2,359 
Options Exercisable at March 31, 20251,728 $22.49 3.17 years$2,359 
(a) In thousands
Intrinsic value represents the amount by which the fair market value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of the stock option. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, the intrinsic value of stock options exercised was $346,000, compared to approximately $722,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024. All stock options were vested as of
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December 31, 2024. The total fair value of stock options vested was approximately $489,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
The Corporation has issued time-based and performance-based restricted stock awards under the 2020 Incentive Compensation Plan. Performance awards are based on performance goals determined by the Compensation and Benefits Committee of the Corporation's Board of Directors, with vesting ranging from a minimum of 0% to a maximum of 150% of the target award. Performance awards are valued utilizing a Monte Carlo simulation model to estimate fair value of the awards at the grant date.
The following table summarizes information about the Corporation’s restricted stock awards activity for the three months ended March 31, 2025:
Restricted Stock
Shares(a)
Weighted Average
Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 20242,310 $21.25 
Granted838 24.59 
Vested674 22.36 
Forfeited2 21.12 
Outstanding at March 31, 20252,471 $22.08 
(a) In thousands
The Corporation amortizes the expense related to restricted stock awards as compensation expense over the vesting period specified in the grant's award agreement. Performance-based restricted stock awards granted during 2024 and 2025 will cliff-vest after the three year performance period has ended. Service-based restricted stock awards granted during 2024 and 2025 will generally vest ratably over a period of four years. Expense for restricted stock awards of $8 million was recorded for both the three months ended March 31, 2025 and the three months ended March 31, 2024. Included in compensation expense for the accelerated vesting of restricted stock awards granted to retirement eligible colleagues was $4 million and $3 million of expense the first three months of 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Corporation had $29 million of unrecognized compensation costs related to restricted stock awards at March 31, 2025 that are expected to be recognized over the remaining requisite service periods that extend through the first quarter of 2029.
The Corporation has the ability to issue shares from treasury or new shares upon the exercise of stock options or the granting of restricted stock awards. The Board of Directors has authorized management to repurchase shares of the Corporation’s common stock, to be made available for issuance in connection with the Corporation’s employee incentive plans and for other corporate purposes. The repurchase of shares, if any, will be based on market and investment opportunities, capital levels, growth prospects, and regulatory constraints. Such repurchases may occur from time to time in open market purchases, block transactions, private transactions, accelerated share repurchase programs, or similar facilities.
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Note 5 Investment Securities
Investment securities are designated as AFS, HTM, or equity on the consolidated balance sheets. The amortized cost and fair values of AFS and HTM securities at March 31, 2025 were as follows:
($ in thousands)Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
(Losses)
Fair Value
AFS investment securities
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities)$3,063 $ $(68)$2,995 
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC125,024 486 (7,474)118,036 
GNMA4,418,218 22,659 (1,913)4,438,964 
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC18,240  (1,281)16,959 
GNMA115,654  (4,221)111,433 
Asset backed securities:
FFELP105,633 52 (911)104,774 
SBA427  (17)410 
Other debt securities3,000  (1)2,999 
Total AFS investment securities$4,789,259 $23,197 $(15,885)$4,796,570 
HTM investment securities
U.S. Treasury securities$994 $15 $ $1,009 
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities)1,649,045 662 (194,901)1,454,805 
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC871,331 21,973 (169,482)723,822 
GNMA42,972 14 (3,009)39,977 
Private-label320,057 7,786 (59,642)268,201 
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC770,177 9,765 (139,208)640,734 
GNMA51,281 218 (5,877)45,621 
Total HTM investment securities$3,705,857 $40,432 $(572,119)$3,174,170 


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The amortized cost and fair values of AFS and HTM securities at December 31, 2024 were as follows:
($ in thousands)Amortized
Cost
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
(Losses)
Fair Value
AFS investment securities
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities)$3,063 $ $(58)$3,005 
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC120,272 190 (9,534)110,928 
GNMA4,236,199 5,379 (13,851)4,227,727 
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC18,332  (1,332)17,000 
GNMA116,275  (4,800)111,475 
Asset backed securities:
FFELP108,319 123 (604)107,839 
SBA495  (24)471 
Other debt securities3,000  (11)2,989 
Total AFS investment securities$4,605,954 $5,693 $(30,213)$4,581,434 
HTM investment securities
U.S. Treasury securities$1,000 $ $(1)$999 
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities)1,659,722 1,122 (174,202)1,486,642 
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC885,476 22,934 (186,464)721,946 
GNMA43,693 9 (3,774)39,927 
Private-label324,182 8,135 (65,963)266,353 
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC772,456 10,217 (159,078)623,595 
GNMA52,219 236 (6,424)46,032 
 Total HTM investment securities$3,738,747 $42,653 $(595,906)$3,185,494 
Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. The expected maturities of AFS and HTM securities at March 31, 2025, are shown below:
 AFSHTM
($ in thousands)Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Amortized
Cost
Fair
Value
Due in one year or less$1,000 $999 $11,023 $10,999 
Due after one year through five years3,040 3,034 74,907 74,159 
Due after five years through ten years1,390 1,385 216,847 207,000 
Due after ten years633 576 1,347,262 1,163,656 
Total debt securities6,063 5,995 1,650,039 1,455,814 
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC125,024 118,036 871,331 723,822 
GNMA4,418,218 4,438,964 42,972 39,977 
Private-label  320,057 268,201 
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC18,240 16,959 770,177 640,734 
GNMA115,654 111,433 51,281 45,621 
Asset backed securities:
FFELP 105,633 104,774   
SBA427 410   
Total investment securities$4,789,259 $4,796,570 $3,705,857 $3,174,170 
Ratio of fair value to amortized cost100.2 %85.7 %
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On a quarterly basis, the Corporation refreshes the credit quality of each HTM security. The following table summarizes the credit quality indicators of HTM securities at amortized cost at March 31, 2025:
($ in thousands)AAAAAANot RatedTotal
U.S. Treasury securities$994 $ $ $ $994 
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities)761,576 876,276 3,920 7,273 1,649,045 
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC871,331    871,331 
GNMA42,972    42,972 
Private-label320,057    320,057 
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC770,177    770,177 
GNMA 51,281    51,281 
Total HTM securities$2,818,388 $876,276 $3,920 $7,273 $3,705,857 
The following table summarizes the credit quality indicators of HTM securities at amortized cost at December 31, 2024:
($ in thousands)AAAAAANot RatedTotal
U.S. Treasury securities$1,000 $ $ $ $1,000 
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities)767,151 883,438 4,911 4,221 1,659,722 
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC885,476    885,476 
GNMA43,693    43,693 
Private-label324,182    324,182 
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC772,456    772,456 
GNMA 52,219    52,219 
Total HTM securities$2,846,177 $883,438 $4,911 $4,221 $3,738,747 
The following table summarizes gross realized gains and losses on AFS securities, the gain or loss on sale and fair value adjustment of equity securities, and proceeds from the sale of AFS investment securities:
Three Months Ended Mar 31,
($ in thousands)20252024
Gross realized (losses) on AFS securities$ $(197)
Gain on sale and fair value adjustment of equity securities4 4,076 
Investment securities gains, net$4 $3,879 
Proceeds from sales of AFS investment securities$ $9,472 
During the first quarter of 2024, the Corporation sold its remaining Visa Class B restricted shares at a gain of $4 million.
Investment securities with a carrying value of $1.4 billion and $1.5 billion at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, were pledged as required to secure certain deposits or for other purposes.
Accrued interest receivable on HTM securities totaled $16 million and $18 million at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Accrued interest receivable on AFS securities totaled $22 million and $21 million at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Accrued interest receivable on both HTM and AFS securities is included in interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheets.
The allowance for credit losses on HTM securities was approximately $64,000 and $60,000 at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, attributable entirely to the Corporation's municipal securities, included in HTM investment securities, net, at amortized cost on the consolidated balance sheets. The Corporation also holds U.S. Treasury, municipal, and mortgage-related securities issued by the U.S. government or a GSE which are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government and private-label residential mortgage-related securities that have credit enhancement which covers the first 15% of losses and, as a result, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded related to these securities.

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The following represents gross unrealized losses and the related fair value of AFS and HTM securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at March 31, 2025:
 Less than 12 months12 months or moreTotal
($ in thousands)Number
of
Securities
Unrealized
(Losses)
Fair
Value
Number
of
Securities
Unrealized
(Losses)
Fair
Value
Unrealized
(Losses)
Fair
Value
AFS investment securities
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities)1 $(5)$540 2 $(63)$820 $(68)1,360 
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC17 (243)23,292 14 (7,231)61,639 (7,474)84,931 
GNMA32 (1,822)623,422 5 (91)4,967 (1,913)628,389 
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC   1 (1,281)16,959 (1,281)16,959 
GNMA   16 (4,221)111,433 (4,221)111,433 
Asset backed securities:
FFELP   12 (911)60,939 (911)60,939 
SBA   4 (17)399 (17)399 
Other debt securities1  1,000 1 (1)999 (1)1,999 
Total51 $(2,070)$648,254 55 $(13,815)$258,155 $(15,885)$906,409 
HTM investment securities
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities)369 $(15,784)$497,155 665 $(179,117)$876,233 $(194,901)$1,373,388 
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC9 (122)9,717 106 (169,359)712,109 (169,482)721,825 
GNMA6 (77)7,474 79 (2,932)31,198 (3,009)38,671 
Private-label   18 (59,642)268,201 (59,642)268,201 
 Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC1 (178)8,091 43 (139,030)613,936 (139,208)622,027 
GNMA   13 (5,877)45,621 (5,877)45,621 
Total385 $(16,161)$522,436 924 $(555,958)$2,547,298 $(572,119)$3,069,734 
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For comparative purposes, the following represents gross unrealized losses and the related fair value of AFS and HTM securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at December 31, 2024:
 Less than 12 months12 months or moreTotal
($ in thousands)Number
of
Securities
Unrealized
(Losses)
Fair
Value
Number
of
Securities
Unrealized
(Losses)
Fair
Value
Unrealized
(Losses)
Fair
Value
AFS investment securities
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities)1 $(3)$542 2 $(55)$828 $(58)$1,370 
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC23 (607)31,983 14 (8,927)61,596 (9,534)93,579 
GNMA116 (13,706)1,660,642 4 (145)3,945 (13,851)1,664,587 
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC   1 (1,332)17,000 (1,332)17,000 
GNMA   16 (4,800)111,475 (4,800)111,475 
Asset backed securities:
FFELP   12 (604)62,830 (604)62,830 
SBA   4 (24)464 (24)464 
Other debt securities1 (7)993 1 (3)997 (11)1,989 
Total141 $(14,323)$1,694,159 54 $(15,890)$259,134 $(30,213)$1,953,294 
HTM investment securities
U.S. Treasury securities $ $ 1 $(1)$999 $(1)$999 
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities)370 (11,860)483,073 641 (162,343)866,949 (174,202)1,350,022 
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC12 (280)11,617 106 (186,184)710,114 (186,464)721,732 
GNMA7 (183)8,856 79 (3,591)31,071 (3,774)39,927 
Private-label   18 (65,963)266,353 (65,963)266,353 
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA/FHLMC2 (1,343)25,518 43 (157,735)598,077 (159,078)623,595 
GNMA   13 (6,424)46,032 (6,424)46,032 
Total391 $(13,665)$529,064 901 $(582,241)$2,519,595 $(595,906)$3,048,660 
The Corporation reviews the AFS investment securities portfolio on a quarterly basis to monitor its credit exposure. A determination as to whether a security’s decline in fair value is the result of credit risk takes into consideration numerous factors and the relative significance of any single factor can vary by security. Some factors the Corporation may consider in this impairment analysis include the extent to which the security has been in an unrealized loss position, the change in security rating, financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, as well as the security and industry specific economic conditions.
Based on the Corporation’s evaluation, management does not believe any unrealized losses at March 31, 2025 represent credit deterioration as these unrealized losses are primarily attributable to changes in interest rates and the current market conditions. As of March 31, 2025, the Corporation does not intend to sell, nor does it believe that it will be required to sell, the securities in an unrealized loss position before recovery of their amortized cost basis.
FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank stocks: The Corporation is required to maintain Federal Reserve Bank stock and FHLB stock as a member bank of both the Federal Reserve System and the FHLB, and in amounts as required by these institutions. These equity securities are “restricted” in that they can only be sold back to the respective institutions or another member institution at par. Therefore, they are less liquid than other marketable equity securities and their fair value is equal to amortized cost. The Corporation had FHLB stock of $96 million and $92 million at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Corporation had Federal Reserve Bank stock of $98 million and $88 million at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Accrued interest receivable on FHLB stock totaled $2 million at both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Accrued interest receivable on Federal Reserve Bank Stock totaled $1 million at March 31, 2025 and there was none at December 31, 2024. Accrued interest receivable on both FHLB stock and Federal Reserve Bank stock is included in interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheets.
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Equity Securities
Equity securities with readily determinable fair values: The Corporation's portfolio of equity securities with readily determinable fair values is primarily comprised of mutual funds. The Corporation had equity securities with readily determinable fair values of $11 million at both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Equity securities without readily determinable fair values: The Corporation's portfolio of equity securities without readily determinable fair values primarily consists of an investment in a private loan fund. The Corporation had equity securities without readily determinable fair values carried at $13 million at both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Note 6 Loans
The period end loan composition was as follows:
($ in thousands)Mar 31, 2025Dec 31, 2024
Commercial and industrial$10,925,769 $10,573,741 
Commercial real estate — owner occupied1,118,363 1,143,741 
Commercial and business lending12,044,132 11,717,483 
Commercial real estate — investor5,597,442 5,227,975 
Real estate construction1,809,054 1,982,632 
Commercial real estate lending7,406,496 7,210,607 
Total commercial19,450,628 18,928,090 
Residential mortgage6,999,654 7,047,541 
Auto finance2,878,765 2,810,220 
Home equity654,140 664,252 
Other consumer310,940 318,483 
Total consumer10,843,499 10,840,496 
Total loans$30,294,127 $29,768,586 
Accrued interest receivable on loans totaled $119 million at March 31, 2025 and $126 million at December 31, 2024, and is included in interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheets. The amount of accrued interest reversed was approximately $658,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to approximately $471,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

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The following table presents loans by credit quality indicator by origination year at March 31, 2025:
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year(a)
($ in thousands)
Rev Loans Converted to Term(a)
Rev Loans Amortized Cost BasisYTD 20252024202320222021PriorTotal
Commercial and industrial:
Risk rating:
Pass$13 $1,810,270 $741,400 $2,661,841 $1,404,585 $2,154,397 $972,686 $691,512 $10,436,691 
Special mention 46,602 258 1,926 17,018 10,387 6,166 648 83,005 
Substandard244 47,259 1,960 92,529 12,749 109,187 125,745 3,747 393,175 
Nonaccrual 2,421 2,687 513 2,758 4,518   12,898 
Commercial and industrial$257 $1,906,552 $746,305 $2,756,810 $1,437,110 $2,278,488 $1,104,596 $695,906 $10,925,769 
Commercial real estate - owner occupied:
Risk rating:
Pass$ $8,905 $19,558 $233,212 $166,985 $174,165 $186,337 $269,638 $1,058,800 
Special mention   7,418 5,572  3,173 10,241 26,403 
Substandard 584 548 2,678 8,713 1,724 8,078 9,334 31,658 
Nonaccrual    1,501    1,501 
Commercial real estate - owner occupied$ $9,489 $20,106 $243,308 $182,772 $175,889 $197,588 $289,213 $1,118,363 
Commercial and business lending:
Risk rating:
Pass$13 $1,819,174 $760,958 $2,895,053 $1,571,570 $2,328,562 $1,159,023 $961,150 $11,495,492 
Special mention 46,602 258 9,344 22,590 10,387 9,339 10,889 109,408 
Substandard244 47,843 2,507 95,207 21,462 110,911 133,822 13,080 424,833 
Nonaccrual 2,421 2,687 513 4,260 4,518   14,399 
Commercial and business lending$257 $1,916,041 $766,411 $3,000,118 $1,619,882 $2,454,377 $1,302,184 $985,119 $12,044,132 
Commercial real estate - investor:
Risk rating:
Pass$7,272 $174,673 $502,372 $1,302,707 $681,873 $1,155,646 $773,972 $660,761 $5,252,003 
Special mention   66,586 13,597 53,058 10,818 4,445 148,504 
Substandard  38,980 10,102 38,273 63,367 2,448 12,075 165,246 
Nonaccrual  632 31,057     31,689 
Commercial real estate - investor$7,272 $174,673 $541,984 $1,410,452 $733,743 $1,272,071 $787,238 $677,281 $5,597,442 
Real estate construction:
Risk rating:
Pass$ $32,516 $30,028 $337,291 $347,839 $683,699 $32,876 $8,597 $1,472,845 
Special mention    38,773 150,418   189,190 
Substandard  26,742 34,746 6,000 79,406   146,894 
Nonaccrual       125 125 
Real estate construction$ $32,516 $56,770 $372,037 $392,611 $913,523 $32,876 $8,722 $1,809,054 
Commercial real estate lending:
Risk rating:
Pass$7,272 $207,188 $532,401 $1,639,997 $1,029,712 $1,839,345 $806,848 $669,357 $6,724,849 
Special mention   66,586 52,370 203,476 10,818 4,445 337,694 
Substandard  65,722 44,849 44,273 142,773 2,448 12,075 312,139 
Nonaccrual  632 31,057    125 31,814 
Commercial real estate lending$7,272 $207,188 $598,754 $1,782,489 $1,126,354 $2,185,594 $820,114 $686,003 $7,406,496 
Total commercial:
Risk rating:
Pass$7,284 $2,026,363 $1,293,359 $4,535,051 $2,601,282 $4,167,907 $1,965,871 $1,630,508 $18,220,340 
Special mention 46,602 258 75,930 74,960 213,863 20,156 15,334 447,102 
Substandard244 47,843 68,229 140,056 65,735 253,684 136,271 25,155 736,973 
Nonaccrual 2,421 3,319 31,570 4,260 4,518  125 46,213 
Total commercial$7,529 $2,123,229 $1,365,165 $4,782,607 $2,746,237 $4,639,971 $2,122,298 $1,671,122 $19,450,628 
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Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year(a)
($ in thousands)
Rev Loans Converted to Term(a)
Rev Loans Amortized Cost BasisYTD 20252024202320222021PriorTotal
Residential mortgage:
Risk rating:
Pass$ $ $29,142 $193,701 $521,630 $1,580,850 $1,599,160 $3,002,070 $6,926,554 
Special mention       311 311 
Substandard      311 23 334 
Nonaccrual  1,218 2,265 2,884 13,458 8,968 43,663 72,455 
Residential mortgage$ $ $30,360 $195,966 $524,514 $1,594,308 $1,608,438 $3,046,067 $6,999,654 
Auto finance:
Risk rating:
Pass$ $ $338,542 $1,134,816 $774,547 $578,739 $42,699 $67 $2,869,409 
Special mention   303 563 723 45 29 1,664 
Nonaccrual   971 2,493 3,668 559  7,692 
Auto finance$ $ $338,542 $1,136,091 $777,604 $583,129 $43,303 $96 $2,878,765 
Home equity:
Risk rating:
Pass$3,703 $560,336 $62 $966 $2,299 $24,329 $5,245 $51,853 $645,089 
Special mention91    100 147 100 430 777 
Nonaccrual64 223  56 176 949 224 6,647 8,275 
Home equity$3,858 $560,559 $62 $1,022 $2,576 $25,425 $5,568 $58,929 $654,140 
Other consumer:
Risk rating:
Pass$593 $237,926 $3,288 $11,337 $3,654 $1,927 $721 $48,528 $307,380 
Special mention1 974  19  5 4 3 1,004 
Substandard 2,383       2,383 
Nonaccrual 122  7 20  22 2 173 
Other consumer$594 $241,405 $3,288 $11,362 $3,673 $1,932 $746 $48,533 $310,940 
Total consumer:
Risk rating:
Pass$4,296 $798,261 $371,034 $1,340,820 $1,302,130 $2,185,845 $1,647,824 $3,102,517 $10,748,431 
Special mention91 974  322 664 875 148 773 3,755 
Substandard 2,383     311 23 2,718 
Nonaccrual64 345 1,218 3,299 5,573 18,075 9,773 50,312 88,595 
Total consumer$4,452 $801,963 $372,253 $1,344,440 $1,308,367 $2,204,794 $1,658,056 $3,153,626 $10,843,499 
Total loans:
Risk rating:
Pass$11,580 $2,824,624 $1,664,393 $5,875,870 $3,903,412 $6,353,752 $3,613,695 $4,733,025 $28,968,772 
Special mention91 47,576 258 76,252 75,624 214,738 20,304 16,107 450,858 
Substandard244 50,227 68,229 140,056 65,735 253,684 136,581 25,179 739,690 
Nonaccrual64 2,766 4,537 34,869 9,833 22,592 9,773 50,437 134,808 
Total loans$11,981 $2,925,192 $1,737,417 $6,127,047 $4,054,604 $6,844,765 $3,780,353 $4,824,748 $30,294,127 
(a) Revolving loans converted to term loans are those converted during the reporting period and are also reported in their year of origination.


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The following table presents loans by credit quality indicator by origination year at December 31, 2024:
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year(a)
($ in thousands)
Rev Loans Converted to Term(a)
Rev Loans Amortized Cost Basis20242023202220212020PriorTotal
Commercial and industrial:
Risk rating:
Pass$248 $1,841,790 $2,656,953 $1,514,277 $2,254,758 $1,080,180 $263,286 $510,301 $10,121,545 
Special mention 48,829 4,037 4,810 63,390 6,984 515 48 128,613 
Substandard2,015 40,240 90,240 9,677 34,730 126,134 3,347 131 304,500 
Nonaccrual42  772 4,468 12,988 855   19,084 
Commercial and industrial$2,306 $1,930,860 $2,752,002 $1,533,233 $2,365,866 $1,214,154 $267,148 $510,480 $10,573,741 
Commercial real estate - owner occupied:
Risk rating:
Pass$ $13,760 $228,913 $175,059 $180,132 $214,237 $114,064 $181,982 $1,108,147 
Special mention   497  8,619  2,803 11,920 
Substandard 943 2,532 10,009 1,492 701 3,371 3,125 22,173 
Nonaccrual   1,501     1,501 
Commercial real estate - owner occupied$ $14,703 $231,446 $187,066 $181,625 $223,557 $117,435 $187,911 $1,143,741 
Commercial and business lending:
Risk rating:
Pass$248 $1,855,550 $2,885,866 $1,689,336 $2,434,891 $1,294,416 $377,350 $692,283 $11,229,693 
Special mention 48,829 4,037 5,307 63,390 15,604 515 2,852 140,532 
Substandard2,015 41,183 92,772 19,686 36,222 126,835 6,719 3,255 326,673 
Nonaccrual42  772 5,969 12,988 855   20,585 
Commercial and business lending$2,306 $1,945,563 $2,983,447 $1,720,298 $2,547,491 $1,437,710 $384,583 $698,390 $11,717,483 
Commercial real estate - investor:
Risk rating:
Pass$ $190,451 $1,334,740 $725,652 $1,179,867 $723,994 $321,084 $363,288 $4,839,076 
Special mention  69,014 6,385 30,672 12,312 6,870 10,366 135,618 
Substandard  69,385 53,022 93,151 10,724 384 9,910 236,576 
Nonaccrual  11,949   4,757   16,705 
Commercial real estate - investor$ $190,451 $1,485,088 $785,058 $1,303,690 $751,786 $328,338 $383,563 $5,227,975 
Real estate construction:
Risk rating:
Pass$ $30,090 $278,754 $390,845 $807,347 $142,137 $25,654 $7,260 $1,682,086 
Special mention  19,419  96,442    115,862 
Substandard  28,241 6,000 105,660 44,754   184,654 
Nonaccrual       30 30 
Real estate construction$ $30,090 $326,414 $396,845 $1,009,450 $186,890 $25,654 $7,289 $1,982,632 
Commercial real estate lending:
Risk rating:
Pass$ $220,541 $1,613,494 $1,116,496 $1,987,215 $866,130 $346,738 $370,548 $6,521,163 
Special mention  88,433 6,385 127,114 12,312 6,870 10,366 251,480 
Substandard  97,626 59,022 198,811 55,477 384 9,910 421,230 
Nonaccrual  11,949   4,757  30 16,735 
Commercial real estate lending$ $220,541 $1,811,502 $1,181,903 $2,313,140 $938,677 $353,992 $390,853 $7,210,607 
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Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year(a)
($ in thousands)
Rev Loans Converted to Term(a)
Rev Loans Amortized Cost Basis20242023202220212020PriorTotal
Total commercial:
Risk rating:
Pass$248 $2,076,092 $4,499,360 $2,805,832 $4,422,105 $2,160,547 $724,088 $1,062,831 $17,750,855 
Special mention 48,829 92,469 11,692 190,504 27,916 7,385 13,217 392,012 
Substandard2,015 41,183 190,399 78,708 235,033 182,313 7,103 13,165 747,903 
Nonaccrual42  12,721 5,969 12,988 5,612  30 37,320 
Total commercial$2,306 $2,166,104 $4,794,949 $2,902,201 $4,860,631 $2,376,387 $738,576 $1,089,243 $18,928,090 
Residential mortgage:
Risk rating:
Pass$ $ $172,607 $507,186 $1,579,182 $1,643,341 $1,195,752 $1,878,251 $6,976,319 
Special mention       162 162 
Substandard  594 327 77   24 1,022 
Nonaccrual  2,338 2,134 11,420 10,141 8,297 35,708 70,038 
Residential mortgage$ $ $175,539 $509,647 $1,590,679 $1,653,482 $1,204,049 $1,914,144 $7,047,541 
Auto finance:
Risk rating:
Pass$ $ $1,241,609 $858,924 $650,880 $48,999 $67 $77 $2,800,555 
Special mention  332 704 1,048 178   2,262 
Nonaccrual  491 2,162 4,284 466   7,402 
Auto finance$ $ $1,242,431 $861,790 $656,212 $49,643 $67 $77 $2,810,220 
Home equity:
Risk rating:
Pass$8,764 $569,866 $411 $1,684 $25,372 $5,289 $1,965 $50,841 $655,429 
Special mention127 81 41     323 445 
Nonaccrual1,677 104 15 103 933 231 215 6,778 8,378 
Home equity$10,568 $570,051 $467 $1,788 $26,305 $5,520 $2,180 $57,941 $664,252 
Other consumer:
Risk rating:
Pass$308 $241,230 $14,343 $4,808 $2,475 $1,440 $584 $49,886 $314,767 
Special mention 1,125 8  36 7   1,176 
Substandard 2,418       2,418 
Nonaccrual2 81 5 21 7 4  4 122 
Other consumer$310 $244,855 $14,356 $4,829 $2,518 $1,451 $584 $49,891 $318,483 
Total consumer:
Risk rating:
Pass$9,071 $811,096 $1,428,969 $1,372,603 $2,257,910 $1,699,069 $1,198,368 $1,979,055 $10,747,070 
Special mention127 1,207 381 704 1,083 185  484 4,045 
Substandard 2,418 594 327 77   24 3,440 
Nonaccrual1,679 185 2,849 4,420 16,644 10,842 8,512 42,490 85,941 
Total consumer$10,878 $814,906 $1,432,794 $1,378,053 $2,275,714 $1,710,096 $1,206,880 $2,022,053 $10,840,496 
Total loans:
Risk rating:
Pass$9,320 $2,887,188 $5,928,329 $4,178,435 $6,680,015 $3,859,616 $1,922,456 $3,041,886 $28,497,925 
Special mention127 50,036 92,851 12,396 191,587 28,101 7,385 13,701 396,057 
Substandard2,015 43,602 190,993 79,035 235,110 182,313 7,103 13,189 751,344 
Nonaccrual1,721 185 15,570 10,389 29,632 16,453 8,512 42,519 123,260 
Total loans$13,183 $2,981,010 $6,227,743 $4,280,254 $7,136,344 $4,086,483 $1,945,455 $3,111,296 $29,768,586 
(a) Revolving loans converted to term loans are those converted during the reporting period and are also reported in their year of origination.

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The following table presents gross charge offs by origination year for the three months ended March 31, 2025:
Gross Charge Offs by Origination Year
($ in thousands)Rev Loans Amortized Cost Basis20252024202320222021PriorTotal
Commercial and industrial$1,183 $ $471 $1,963 $3,696 $379 $ $7,692 
Commercial real estate-owner occupied        
Commercial and business lending1,183  471 1,963 3,696 379  7,692 
Commercial real estate-investor  892     892 
Real estate construction        
Commercial real estate lending  892     892 
Total commercial1,183  1,364 1,963 3,696 379  8,585 
Residential mortgage   26 190  24 239 
Auto finance  383 910 941 95  2,330 
Home equity   26  5 29 61 
Other consumer2,256   13 7 213 12 2,500 
Total consumer2,256  383 975 1,138 313 65 5,130 
Total gross charge offs$3,439 $ $1,747 $2,938 $4,834 $692 $65 $13,714 
The following table presents gross charge offs by origination year for the year ended December 31, 2024:
Gross Charge Offs by Origination Year
($ in thousands)Rev Loans Amortized Cost Basis20242023202220212020PriorTotal
Commercial and industrial$4,433 $128 $11,484 $8,510 $22,959 $3 $ $47,517 
Commercial real estate-owner occupied      3 3 
Commercial and business lending4,433 128 11,484 8,510 22,959 3 3 47,520 
Commercial real estate-investor 6,617 1  4,569   11,187 
Real estate construction        
Commercial real estate lending 6,617 1  4,569   11,187 
Total commercial4,433 6,745 11,485 8,510 27,528 3 3 58,707 
Residential mortgage  134 125 101 153 515 1,029 
Auto finance 418 2,982 5,582 560   9,541 
Home equity93   9 19 10 85 216 
Other consumer6,555 20 96 75 75 42 59 6,922 
Total consumer6,649 438 3,212 5,790 755 205 659 17,709 
Total gross charge offs$11,082 $7,183 $14,697 $14,300 $28,283 $209 $662 $76,415 
Factors that are important to managing overall credit quality are sound loan underwriting and administration, systematic monitoring of existing loans and commitments, effective loan review on an ongoing basis, early identification of potential problems, and appropriate policies for ACLL, nonaccrual loans, and charge offs.
For commercial loans, management has determined the pass credit quality indicator to include credits exhibiting acceptable financial statements, cash flow, and leverage. If any risk exists, it is mitigated by the loan structure, collateral, monitoring, or control. For consumer loans, performing loans include credits performing in accordance with the original contractual terms.
Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Special mention credits have potential weaknesses that deserve management's close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the credit or in the credit position at some future date. Accruing loan modifications could be pass or special mention, depending on the risk rating on the loan. Substandard loans are considered inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or the collateral pledged, if any. These loans have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt, and are characterized by the distinct possibility the Corporation will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Management has determined commercial loan relationships in nonaccrual status, and commercial and consumer loan relationships with their terms restructured in a loan modification, meet the criteria to be individually evaluated. Commercial loans classified as special mention, substandard, and nonaccrual are reviewed at a minimum on a quarterly basis, while pass credits, which are performing rated credits, are generally reviewed on an annual basis or more frequently if the loan renewal is less than one year or if otherwise warranted.
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The recorded investment of consumer loans secured by residential real estate properties for which foreclosure proceedings are in process totaled $23 million at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
The following table presents loans by past due status at March 31, 2025:
Accruing
($ in thousands)Current30-59 Days
Past Due
60-89 Days
Past Due
90+ Days
Past Due
Nonaccrual(a)(b)
Total
Commercial and industrial$10,904,616 $6,934 $806 $515 $12,898 $10,925,769 
Commercial real estate - owner occupied1,115,706 1,156   1,501 1,118,363 
Commercial and business lending12,020,322 8,090 806 515 14,399 12,044,132 
Commercial real estate - investor5,563,289 2,463   31,689 5,597,442 
Real estate construction1,808,929    125 1,809,054 
Commercial real estate lending7,372,218 2,463   31,814 7,406,496 
Total commercial19,392,540 10,553 806 515 46,213 19,450,628 
Residential mortgage6,913,632 13,257 311  72,455 6,999,654 
Auto finance2,858,551 10,858 1,664  7,692 2,878,765 
Home equity642,260 2,829 777  8,275 654,140 
Other consumer305,865 1,330 1,050 2,521 173 310,940 
Total consumer10,720,308 28,274 3,802 2,521 88,595 10,843,499 
Total loans$30,112,848 $38,827 $4,608 $3,036 $134,808 $30,294,127 
(a) Of the total nonaccrual loans, $44 million, or 32%, were current with respect to payment at March 31, 2025.
(b) No interest income was recognized on nonaccrual loans for the three months ended March 31, 2025. In addition, there were $23 million of nonaccrual loans for which there was no related ACLL at March 31, 2025.

The following table presents loans by past due status at December 31, 2024:
Accruing
($ in thousands)Current30-59 Days
Past Due
60-89 Days
Past Due
90+ Days 
Past Due
Nonaccrual(a)(b)
Total
Commercial and industrial$10,552,756 $899 $361 $642 $19,084 $10,573,741 
Commercial real estate - owner occupied1,140,607 1,533 101  1,501 1,143,741 
Commercial and business lending11,693,363 2,432 462 642 20,585 11,717,483 
Commercial real estate - investor5,174,879 5,117 31,274  16,705 5,227,975 
Real estate construction1,982,581 21   30 1,982,632 
Commercial real estate lending7,157,460 5,138 31,274  16,735 7,210,607 
Total commercial18,850,823 7,570 31,736 642 37,320 18,928,090 
Residential mortgage6,962,610 14,731 162  70,038 7,047,541 
Auto finance2,787,967 12,588 2,262  7,402 2,810,220 
Home equity651,248 4,181 445  8,378 664,252 
Other consumer312,687 1,892 1,236 2,547 122 318,483 
Total consumer10,714,512 33,391 4,105 2,547 85,941 10,840,496 
Total loans$29,565,335 $40,961 $35,841 $3,189 $123,260 $29,768,586 
(a) Of the total nonaccrual loans, $52 million, or 42%, were current with respect to payment at December 31, 2024.
(b) No interest income was recognized on nonaccrual loans for the year ended December 31, 2024. In addition, there were $24 million of nonaccrual loans for which there was no related ACLL at December 31, 2024.

Loan Modifications
The following tables show the composition of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by the loan portfolio and type of concessions granted. Each of the types of concessions granted comprised less than 1% of their respective classes of loan portfolios at March 31, 2025.
Interest Rate Concession
Amortized Cost
Three Months Ended Mar 31,
($ in thousands)20252024
Commercial and industrial$176 $159 
Auto finance 46 
Other consumer887 534 
Total loans modified$1,063 $739 

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Combination - Interest Rate Concession and Term Extension
Amortized Cost
Three Months Ended Mar 31,
($ in thousands)20252024
Residential mortgage$1,644 $643 
Home equity61 31 
Total loans modified$1,704 $674 
The following tables summarize, by loan portfolio, the financial effect of the Corporation's loan modifications on the modified loans.
Interest Rate Concession
Financial Effect, Weighted Average Contractual Interest Rate (Decrease) Increase(a)
Three Months Ended Mar 31,
Loan Type20252024
Commercial and industrial(25)%(16)%
Residential mortgage1 %3 %
Auto finance %(9)%
Home equity(4)%(3)%
Other consumer(21)%(21)%
Weighted average of total loans modified(8)%(9)%
(a) Some interest rate concessions may involve an increase in rate that was lower in comparison to prevailing market rates.
Term Extension
Financial Effect, Weighted Average Term Increase(a)
Three Months Ended Mar 31,
Loan Type20252024
Residential mortgage145 months158 months
Home equity60 months64 months
Weighted average of total loans modified141 months153 months
(a) During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, term extensions changed the weighted average term on modified loans from 258 to 399 months and 254 to 407 months, respectively.
The Corporation closely monitors the performance of loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following table depicts the performance of loans that have been modified in the twelve months ended March 31, 2025:
Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis)
($ in thousands)Current30-89 Days Past Due90+ Days Past Due
Commercial and industrial$459 $ $ 
Residential mortgage3,037 346 572 
Auto finance1   
Home equity267   
Other consumer2,421   
Total loans modified$6,184 $346 $572 
The following table depicts the performance of loans that have been modified in the twelve months ended March 31, 2024:
Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis)
($ in thousands)Current30-89 Days Past Due90+ Days Past Due
Commercial and industrial$377 $ $ 
Residential mortgage1,107 175 55 
Auto finance75 3  
Home equity199 47 75 
Other consumer1,487   
Total loans modified$3,244 $224 $131 
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None of the loans modified in the previous twelve months subsequently had a payment default during the three months ended March 31, 2025. The following table provides the amortized cost of loan modifications by loan portfolio and type of concession that were modified in the previous twelve months had a payment default during the three months ended March 31, 2024:
Amortized Cost of Loan Modifications that Subsequently Defaulted
($ in thousands)Interest Rate ConcessionTerm ExtensionCombination Interest Rate Concession and Term Extension
Auto finance$11 $ $ 
Total loans modified$11 $ $ 
The nature and extent of the impairment of modified loans, including those which have experienced a subsequent payment default, are considered in the determination of an appropriate level of the ACLL.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
The ACLL is comprised of the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for unfunded commitments. The level of the ACLL represents management’s estimate of an amount appropriate to provide for expected lifetime credit losses in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. The expected lifetime credit losses are the product of multiplying the Corporation's estimates of probability of default, loss given default, and the individual loan level exposure at default on an undiscounted basis. A main factor in the determination of the ACLL is the economic forecast. The forecast the Corporation used for March 31, 2025 was the Moody's baseline scenario from February 2025, which was reviewed against the March 2025 baseline scenario with no material updates made, over a two year reasonable and supportable period with straight-line reversion to the historical losses over the second year of the period. The allowance for unfunded commitments is maintained at a level believed by management to be sufficient to absorb expected lifetime losses related to unfunded credit facilities (including unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit). See Note 11 for additional information on the change in the allowance for unfunded commitments.

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The following table presents a summary of the changes in the ACLL by portfolio segment for the three months ended March 31, 2025:
($ in thousands)Dec 31, 2024Charge offsRecoveriesNet Charge offsProvision for Credit LossesMar 31, 2025ACLL / Loans
Allowance for loan losses
Commercial and industrial$136,596 $(7,692)$2,966 $(4,726)$12,343 $144,213 
Commercial real estate — owner occupied9,417    2,009 11,426 
Commercial and business lending146,013 (7,692)2,966 (4,726)14,352 155,639 
Commercial real estate — investor71,547 (892) (892)7,533 78,187 
Real estate construction51,499  30 30 (5,216)46,313 
Commercial real estate lending123,046 (892)30 (863)2,317 124,500 
Total commercial269,060 (8,585)2,996 (5,589)16,669 280,139 
Residential mortgage32,576 (239)436 197 1,388 34,160 
Auto finance28,467 (2,330)811 (1,519)(916)26,032 
Home equity16,620 (61)350 289 (1,193)15,716 
Other consumer16,824 (2,500)424 (2,076)553 15,300 
Total consumer94,486 (5,130)2,021 (3,109)(169)91,209 
Total loans$363,545 $(13,714)$5,017 $(8,698)$16,500 $371,348 
Allowance for unfunded commitments
Commercial and industrial$14,456 $— $— $— $2,048 $16,504 
Commercial real estate — owner occupied151 — — — (37)114 
Commercial and business lending14,607 — — — 2,011 16,618 
Commercial real estate — investor578 — — — 384 962 
Real estate construction19,591 — — — (6,031)13,560 
Commercial real estate lending20,169 — — — (5,647)14,522 
Total commercial34,776 — — — (3,636)31,140 
Home equity2,465 — — — (12)2,453 
Other consumer1,535 — — — 148 1,683 
Total consumer4,000 — — — 136 4,136 
Total loans$38,776 $— $— $— $(3,500)$35,276 
Allowance for credit losses on loans
Commercial and industrial$151,052 $(7,692)$2,966 $(4,726)$14,391 $160,717 1.47 %
Commercial real estate — owner occupied9,568    1,972 11,540 1.03 %
Commercial and business lending160,620 (7,692)2,966 (4,726)16,363 172,257 1.43 %
Commercial real estate — investor72,125 (892) (892)7,917 79,149 1.41 %
Real estate construction71,090  30 30 (11,247)59,873 3.31 %
Commercial real estate lending143,215 (892)30 (863)(3,330)139,022 1.88 %
Total commercial303,835 (8,585)2,996 (5,589)13,033 311,279 1.60 %
Residential mortgage32,576 (239)436 197 1,388 34,160 0.49 %
Auto finance28,467 (2,330)811 (1,519)(916)26,032 0.90 %
Home equity19,085 (61)350 289 (1,205)18,169 2.78 %
Other consumer18,359 (2,500)424 (2,076)700 16,983 5.46 %
Total consumer98,486 (5,130)2,021 (3,109)(33)95,344 0.88 %
Total loans$402,322 $(13,714)$5,017 $(8,698)$13,000 $406,624 1.34 %




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The following table presents a summary of the changes in the ACLL by portfolio segment for the year ended December 31, 2024:
($ in thousands)Dec 31, 2023Charge offsRecoveriesNet Charge offsProvision for Credit LossesDec 31, 2024ACLL / Loans
Allowance for loan losses
Commercial and industrial$128,263 $(47,517)$2,148 $(45,369)$53,703 $136,596 
Commercial real estate — owner occupied10,610 (3)7 4 (1,198)9,417 
Commercial and business lending138,873 (47,520)2,155 (45,365)52,505 146,013 
Commercial real estate — investor67,858 (11,187) (11,187)14,876 71,547 
Real estate construction53,554  65 65 (2,119)51,499 
Commercial real estate lending121,412 (11,187)65 (11,122)12,756 123,046 
Total commercial260,285 (58,707)2,220 (56,487)65,262 269,060 
Residential mortgage37,808 (1,029)280 (750)(4,483)32,576 
Auto finance24,961 (9,541)2,905 (6,637)10,142 28,467 
Home equity15,403 (216)1,366 1,150 67 16,620 
Other consumer12,638 (6,922)1,096 (5,826)10,012 16,824 
Total consumer90,809 (17,709)5,647 (12,062)15,738 94,486 
Total loans$351,094 $(76,415)$7,867 $(68,549)$81,000 $363,545 
Allowance for unfunded commitments
Commercial and industrial$13,319 $— $— $— $1,137 $14,456 
Commercial real estate — owner occupied149 — — — 2 151 
Commercial and business lending13,468 — — — 1,139 14,607 
Commercial real estate — investor480 — — — 98 578 
Real estate construction17,024 — — — 2,567 19,591 
Commercial real estate lending17,504 — — — 2,664 20,169 
Total commercial30,972 — — — 3,803 34,776 
Home equity2,629 — — — (164)2,465 
Other consumer1,174 — — — 361 1,535 
Total consumer3,803 — — — 197 4,000 
Total loans$34,776 $— $— $— $4,000 $38,776 
Allowance for credit losses on loans
Commercial and industrial$141,582 $(47,517)$2,148 $(45,369)$54,840 $151,052 1.43 %
Commercial real estate — owner occupied10,759 (3)7 4 (1,196)9,568 0.84 %
Commercial and business lending152,341 (47,520)2,155 (45,365)53,644 160,620 1.37 %
Commercial real estate — investor68,338 (11,187) (11,187)14,973 72,125 1.38 %
Real estate construction70,578  65 65 447 71,090 3.59 %
Commercial real estate lending138,916 (11,187)65 (11,122)15,421 143,215 1.99 %
Total commercial291,257 (58,707)2,220 (56,487)69,065 303,835 1.61 %
Residential mortgage37,808 (1,029)280 (750)(4,483)32,576 0.46 %
Auto finance24,961 (9,541)2,905 (6,637)10,142 28,467 1.01 %
Home equity18,032 (216)1,366 1,150 (97)19,085 2.87 %
Other consumer13,812 (6,922)1,096 (5,826)10,373 18,359 5.76 %
Total consumer94,613 (17,709)5,647 (12,062)15,935 98,486 0.91 %
Total loans$385,870 $(76,415)$7,867 $(68,549)$85,000 $402,322 1.35 %
Note 7 Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill
Goodwill is not amortized but is instead subject to impairment tests on at least an annual basis, and more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount.
The Corporation conducted its most recent annual impairment testing in May 2024, utilizing a qualitative assessment. Based on this assessment, management concluded that it is more likely than not that the estimated fair value exceeded the carrying value (including goodwill) for each reporting unit. Therefore, a step one quantitative analysis was not required. There have been no events since the May 2024 impairment test that have changed the Corporation's impairment assessment conclusion. There were no impairment charges recorded in 2024 or the first three months of 2025.
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The Corporation had goodwill of $1.1 billion at both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Core Deposit Intangibles
The Corporation has CDIs which are amortized. Changes in the gross carrying amount, accumulated amortization, and net book value for CDIs were as follows:
($ in thousands)Three Months Ended Mar 31, 2025Year Ended Dec 31, 2024
Core deposit intangibles
Gross carrying amount at the beginning of period$88,109 $88,109 
Accumulated amortization(58,652)(56,449)
Net book value$29,457 $31,660 
Amortization during the period$2,203 $8,811 
Mortgage Servicing Rights
The Corporation sells residential mortgage loans in the secondary market and typically retains the right to service the loans sold. MSRs are not traded in active markets. As a result, a cash flow model is used to determine fair value. Key assumptions and estimates, including projected prepayment speeds, assumed servicing costs, ancillary income, costs to service delinquent loans, costs of foreclosure, and discount rates with option-adjusted spreads, are used in measuring the fair value of the MSRs asset. These assumptions are considered significant unobservable inputs. See Note 11 for a discussion of the recourse provisions on sold residential mortgage loans. See Note 12 which further discusses fair value measurement relative to the MSRs asset.
A summary of changes in the balance of the MSRs asset under the fair value measurement method is as follows:
($ in thousands)Three Months Ended Mar 31, 2025Year Ended Dec 31, 2024
Mortgage servicing rights
Mortgage servicing rights at beginning of period$87,683 $84,390 
Additions1,346 6,707 
Decay(1,731)(8,060)
Valuation:
Changes in fair value of asset(1,047)4,646 
Mortgage servicing rights at end of period$86,251 $87,683 
Portfolio of residential mortgage loans serviced for others (“servicing portfolio”)$6,242,796 $6,285,018 
Mortgage servicing rights to servicing portfolio1.38 %1.40 %
The projections of amortization expense for CDIs and decay for MSRs are based on existing asset balances, the current interest rate environment, and prepayment speeds as of March 31, 2025. The actual expense the Corporation recognizes in any given period may be significantly different depending upon acquisition or sale activities, changes in interest rates, prepayment speeds, market conditions, regulatory requirements, and events or circumstances that indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The following table shows the estimated future yearly amortization expense for CDIs and decay for MSRs:
($ in thousands)Core Deposit IntangiblesMortgage Servicing Rights
Nine months ended December 31, 2025$6,608 $6,787 
20268,811 11,469 
20278,811 11,456 
20283,485 10,799 
20291,681 9,827 
203061 8,782 
Beyond 2030 27,131 
Total estimated amortization expense and MSRs decay(a)
$29,457 $86,251 
(a) Includes the decrease in value due to passage of time, including the impact from both regularly scheduled principal payments and partial loan paydowns.
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Note 8 Short and Long-Term Funding
The following table presents the components of short-term funding (funding with original contractual maturities of one year or less), and long-term funding (funding with original contractual maturities greater than one year):
($ in thousands)Mar 31, 2025Dec 31, 2024
Short-term funding
Federal funds purchased$225,385 $370,325 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase85,950 100,044 
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase311,335 470,369 
Long-term funding
Corporation senior notes, at par$300,000 $300,000 
Corporation subordinated notes, at par300,000 550,000 
Discount and capitalized costs(8,369)(8,664)
Subordinated debt fair value hedge(a)
(521)(3,996)
Finance leases273 295 
Total long-term funding$591,382 $837,635 
   Total short and long-term funding, excluding FHLB advances$902,718 $1,308,004 
FHLB advances
Short-term FHLB advances$1,420,000 $1,250,000 
Long-term FHLB advances611,519 611,551 
FHLB advances fair value hedge(a)
(4,222)(7,744)
Total FHLB advances$2,027,297 $1,853,807 
Total short and long-term funding$2,930,015 $3,161,811 
(a) For additional information on the fair value hedges, see Note 9.
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase
The Corporation enters into agreements under which it sells securities subject to an obligation to repurchase the same or similar securities. Under these arrangements, the Corporation may transfer legal control over the assets but still retain effective control through an agreement that both entitles and obligates the Corporation to repurchase the assets. The obligation to repurchase the securities is reflected as a liability on the Corporation’s consolidated balance sheets, while the securities underlying the repurchase agreements remain in the respective investment securities asset accounts (i.e., there is no offsetting or netting of the investment securities assets with the repurchase agreement liabilities).
The Corporation utilizes repurchase agreements to facilitate the needs of its customers. The fair value of securities pledged to secure repurchase agreements may decline. At March 31, 2025, the Corporation had pledged securities valued at 201% of the gross outstanding balance of repurchase agreements to manage this risk.
The remaining contractual maturity of the securities sold under agreements to repurchase on the consolidated balance sheets is presented in the following table:
Overnight and Continuous
($ in thousands)Mar 31, 2025Dec 31, 2024
Repurchase agreements
Agency mortgage-related securities$85,950 $100,044 
Long-Term Funding
Senior Notes
In August 2024, the Corporation issued $300 million in aggregate principal amount of 6.455% Fixed Rate / Floating Rate Senior Notes Due August 29, 2030. Up to, but excluding, August 29, 2024, to, but excluding, August 29, 2029, the senior notes will have a fixed coupon interest rate of 6.455% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears. During the period from, and including, August 29, 2029, to, but excluding, the maturity date, the senior notes will have a floating rate per annum equal to Compounded SOFR (as defined in the Global Note issued in connection with the senior notes) plus 3.030%, payable quarterly in arrears. Prior to August 29, 2029, the Corporation may, at its option, redeem the senior notes, in whole or in part, at any time and from time to time, by paying the aggregate principal amount of the notes to be redeemed plus a "make whole" premium plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date. On August 29, 2029, the Corporation may redeem the senior notes, in whole, but not in part, by paying the aggregate principal amount of the notes to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date. At any time and from time to time on or
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after July 30, 2030 (30 days prior to the maturity date), the Corporation may redeem the senior notes in whole or in part by paying the aggregate principal amount of the senior notes to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date. The senior notes were issued at a discount.
Subordinated Notes 
In February 2023, the Corporation issued $300 million of 10-year subordinated notes, due March 1, 2033 and redeemable (i) on the reset date of March 1, 2028 and any interest payment date thereafter, (ii) at any time on or after the three month period prior to the maturity date, and (iii) upon the occurrence of a Regulatory Capital Treatment Event (as defined in the Global Note). The subordinated notes have a fixed coupon interest rate of 6.625% until the reset date, after which the rate will be equal to the Five-Year U.S. Treasury Rate as of the reset date plus 2.812% per annum. The notes were issued at a discount.
In January 2025, $250 million of 10-year subordinated notes issued in November 2014 by the Corporation matured and were repaid.
Finance Leases
Finance leases are used in conjunction with branch operations. See Note 16 for additional disclosure regarding the Corporation’s leases.
Note 9 Derivative and Hedging Activities
The Corporation enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest and currency rates as well as other economic conditions.
At inception, the Corporation designates the derivative contract as either a fair value hedge (i.e., a hedge of the fair value of a recognized asset or liability), a cash flow hedge (i.e., a hedge of the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability), or a non-designated hedge. The hedge accounting methodologies applied for fair value, cash flow, and non-designated hedges are described in the Derivative and Hedging Activities note in the Corporation's 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The contract or notional amount of a derivative is used to determine, along with the other terms of the derivative, the amounts to be exchanged between the counterparties. The Corporation is exposed to credit risk in the event of nonperformance by counterparties to financial instruments. To mitigate the counterparty risk, contracts generally contain language outlining collateral pledging requirements for each counterparty. For non-centrally cleared derivatives, collateral must be posted when the market value exceeds certain mutually agreed upon threshold limits. Securities and cash are often pledged as collateral. The Corporation pledged $80 million and $81 million of investment securities as collateral at March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. Cash is often pledged as collateral for derivatives that are not centrally cleared. The Corporation's required cash collateral was $9 million at March 31, 2025 and was approximately $250,000 at December 31, 2024. For fair value information and disclosures and for the Corporation's accounting policy for derivative and hedging activities, see the Fair Value Measurements and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies notes in the Corporation's 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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The following table presents the total notional amounts and gross fair values of the Corporation's derivatives, as well as the balance sheet netting adjustments:
 Mar 31, 2025Dec 31, 2024
AssetLiabilityAssetLiability
($ in thousands)Notional AmountFair ValueNotional AmountFair ValueNotional AmountFair ValueNotional AmountFair Value
Designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate-related instruments(a)
$2,750,000 $8,813 $250,000 $418 $1,950,000 $2,960 $1,150,000 $2,976 
Foreign currency exchange forwards302,233 1,460 41,696 115 127,518 2,457 216,665 563 
Total designated as hedging instruments10,273 533 5,418 3,539 
Not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate-related and other instruments4,040,636 81,446 6,835,672 136,453 3,858,867 88,541 6,992,894 170,928 
Foreign currency exchange forwards105,979 2,085 39,418 1,846 68,028 4,315 74,199 4,106 
Mortgage banking(b)
55,617 988 100,500 583 28,580 580 85,000  
Total not designated as hedging instruments84,518 138,883 93,436 175,034 
Gross derivatives before netting94,791 139,416 98,854 178,573 
Less: Legally enforceable master netting agreements14,744 14,744 12,667 12,667 
Less: Cash collateral pledged/received19,389 140 35,190 250 
Total derivative instruments, after netting$60,658 $124,532 $50,997 $165,656 

(a) The notional amounts of the interest rate-related instruments designated as hedging instruments include forward starting interest rate swaps. As of March 31, 2025 such swaps with effective dates of November 1, 2025 had an asset notional amount and fair value of $150 million and $2 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024 such swaps with effective dates ranging from February 1, 2025 to March 1, 2025 had an asset notional amount and fair value of $100 million and approximately $333,000, respectively, and a liability notional amount and fair value of $300 million and $1 million, respectively.
(b) The notional amount of the mortgage derivative asset includes interest rate lock commitments, while the notional amount of the mortgage derivative liability includes forward commitments. As of March 31, 2025 the fair value amount of the mortgage derivative asset included interest rate lock commitments, while the fair value amount of the mortgage derivative liability included forward commitments. As of December 31, 2024 the fair value of the mortgage derivative asset included approximately $327,000 of interest rate lock commitments and approximately $254,000 of forward commitments.

The following table presents amounts that were recorded on the consolidated balance sheets related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges:
Line Item in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in Which the Hedged Item is Included
Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)(a)
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)
Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)(a)
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)
($ in thousands)Mar 31, 2025Dec 31, 2024
Other long-term funding$(299,479)$521 $(296,004)$3,996 
FHLB advances(595,778)4,222 (592,256)7,744 
Total$(895,257)$4,743 $(888,260)$11,740 

(a) Excludes hedged items where only foreign currency risk is the designated hedged risk. At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the carrying amount excluded for foreign currency denominated loans was $344 million.
The Corporation terminated its $500 million fair value hedge during the fourth quarter of 2019. At March 31, 2025, the amortized cost basis of the closed portfolios which had previously been used in the terminated hedging relationship was $212 million and is included in loans on the consolidated balance sheets. This amount includes approximately $807,000 of hedging adjustments on the discontinued hedging relationships, which are not presented in the table above.
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The tables below identify the effect of fair value and cash flow hedge accounting on the Corporation's consolidated statements of income:
Location and Amount Recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Income in
Fair Value and Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Three Months Ended Mar 31,
20252024
($ in thousands)Interest Income Interest ExpenseInterest IncomeInterest Expense
Total amounts of income/expense presented on the consolidated statements of income in which the effects of the fair value or cash flow hedges are recorded(a)
$(1,149)$2,219 $(4,863)$5,322 
The effects of fair value and cash flow hedging: Impact on fair value hedging relationships in Subtopic 815-20
Interest contracts:
Hedged items (32)6,997 (40)(10,210)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments(a)
(1,118)(4,778)(4,823)15,532 
(a) Includes net settlements on the derivatives.
Location and Amount Recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Income in
Fair Value Hedging Relationships
Three Months Ended Mar 31,
20252024
($ in thousands)Capital Markets, NetCapital Markets, Net
Total amounts of income/expense presented on the consolidated statements of income in which the effects of the fair value hedges are recorded$1 $ 
The effects of fair value hedging: Impact on fair value hedging relationships in Subtopic 815-20
Foreign currency contracts:
Hedged items553 (9,070)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments(551)9,070 
The following table presents the effect of cash flow hedge accounting on accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
Three Months Ended Mar 31,
($ in thousands)20252024
Interest rate-related instruments designated as cash flow hedging instruments
Amount of income (loss) recognized in OCI on cash flow hedge derivatives(a)
$7,268 $(19,461)
Amount of loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into interest income(a)
1,118 4,823 
(a) The entirety of gains (losses) recognized in OCI as well as the losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into interest income were included components in the assessment of hedge effectiveness.
Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to cash flow hedge derivatives are reclassified to interest income as interest payments are made on the hedged variable interest rate assets. The Corporation estimates that $1 million will be reclassified as an increase to interest income over the next 12 months. This amount could differ from amounts actually recognized due to changes in interest rates, hedge de-designations, or the addition of other hedges subsequent to March 31, 2025. The maximum length of time over which the Corporation is hedging its exposure to the variability in future cash flows is 33 months as of March 31, 2025.
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The table below identifies the effect of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments on the Corporation's consolidated statements of income:
Consolidated Statements of Income Category of Gain / (Loss) 
Recognized in Income
Three Months Ended Mar 31,
($ in thousands)20252024
Derivative instruments
Interest rate-related and other instruments — customer and mirror, netCapital markets, net$(48)$(71)
Interest rate-related instruments — MSRs hedgeMortgage banking, net1,466 (2,937)
Foreign currency exchange forwardsCapital markets, net500 746 
Interest rate lock commitments (mortgage)Mortgage banking, net661 227 
Forward commitments (mortgage)Mortgage banking, net(837)451 
Note 10 Balance Sheet Offsetting
Interest Rate-Related Instruments and Foreign Exchange Forwards (“Interest and Foreign Exchange Agreements”)
The Corporation is permitted to present derivative receivables and derivative payables with the same counterparty and the related cash collateral receivables and payables on a net basis on the consolidated balance sheets when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists. The Corporation has elected to net such balances where it has determined that the specified conditions are met.
The Corporation uses master netting agreements to mitigate counterparty credit risk in these transactions, including derivative contracts. A master netting agreement is a single agreement with a counterparty that permits multiple transactions governed by that agreement to be terminated or accelerated and settled through a single payment in a single currency in the event of a default (e.g., bankruptcy, failure to make a required payment or securities transfer or deliver collateral or margin when due).
Typical master netting agreements for these types of transactions also contain a collateral/margin agreement that provides for a security interest in, or title transfer of, securities or cash collateral/margin to the party that has the right to demand margin (the “demanding party”). The collateral/margin agreement typically requires a party to transfer collateral/margin to the demanding party with a value equal to the amount of the margin deficit on a net basis across all transactions governed by the master netting agreement, less any threshold. The collateral/margin agreement grants to the demanding party, upon default by the counterparty, the right to offset any amounts payable by the counterparty against any posted collateral or the cash equivalent of any posted collateral/margin. It also grants to the demanding party the right to liquidate collateral/margin and to apply the proceeds to an amount payable by the counterparty.
For additional information on the Corporation’s derivative and hedging activities, see the Derivative and Hedging Activities note in the Corporation's 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The following table presents the interest rate and foreign exchange assets and liabilities subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement. The interest rate and foreign exchange agreements the Corporation has with its commercial customers are not subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement and are therefore excluded from these tables:
 Gross Amounts RecognizedGross Amounts Subject to Master Netting Arrangements Offset on the Consolidated Balance SheetsNet Amounts Presented on the Consolidated Balance SheetsGross Amounts Not Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets 
 ($ in thousands)Derivative
Liabilities Offset
Cash Collateral ReceivedSecurity Collateral ReceivedNet
 Amount
Derivative assets
March 31, 2025$62,246 $(14,744)$(19,389)$28,112 $(28,112)$ 
December 31, 202479,807 (12,667)(35,190)31,950 (31,950) 
Gross Amounts RecognizedGross Amounts Subject to Master Netting Arrangements Offset on the Consolidated Balance SheetsNet Amounts Presented on the Consolidated Balance SheetsGross Amounts Not Offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets
($ in thousands)Derivative
Assets Offset
Cash Collateral PledgedSecurity Collateral PledgedNet
 Amount
Derivative liabilities
March 31, 2025$17,182 $(14,744)$(140)$2,298 $ $2,298 
December 31, 202414,369 (12,667)(250)1,452  1,452 
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Note 11 Commitments, Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements, Legal Proceedings, and Regulatory Matters
The Corporation utilizes a variety of financial instruments in the normal course of business to meet the financial needs of its customers and to manage its own exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. These financial instruments include lending-related and other commitments (see below) as well as derivative instruments (see Note 9). The following is a summary of lending-related commitments:
($ in thousands)Mar 31, 2025Dec 31, 2024
Commitments to extend credit(a), excluding commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale(b)
$10,921,983 $11,173,438 
Commercial letters of credit(a)
2,869 875 
Standby letters of credit(c)
259,893 253,709 
(a) These off-balance sheet financial instruments are exercisable at the market rate prevailing at the date the underlying transaction will be completed and, thus, are deemed to have no current fair value, or the fair value is based on fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements and was not material at March 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024.
(b) Interest rate lock commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale are considered derivative instruments and are disclosed in Note 9.
(c) Standby letters of credit are presented excluding participations. The Corporation has established a liability of $3 million at both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, as an estimate of the fair value of these financial instruments.
Lending-related Commitments
As a financial services provider, the Corporation routinely enters into commitments to extend credit. Such commitments are subject to the same credit policies and approval process accorded to loans made by the Corporation, with each customer’s creditworthiness evaluated on a case-by-case basis. The commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require the payment of a fee. The Corporation’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to these financial instruments is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Corporation upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer. Since a significant portion of commitments to extend credit are subject to specific restrictive loan covenants or may expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash flow requirements. An allowance for unfunded commitments is maintained at a level believed by management to be sufficient to absorb expected lifetime losses related to unfunded commitments (including unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit).
The following table presents a summary of the changes in the allowance for unfunded commitments:
($ in thousands)Three Months Ended Mar 31, 2025Year Ended Dec 31, 2024
Allowance for unfunded commitments
Balance at beginning of period$38,776 $34,776 
Provision for unfunded commitments(3,500)4,000 
Balance at end of period$35,276 $38,776 
Lending-related commitments include commitments to extend credit, commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale, commercial letters of credit, and standby letters of credit. Commitments to extend credit are legally binding agreements to lend to customers at predetermined interest rates, as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contracts. Interest rate lock commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale and forward commitments to sell residential mortgage loans are considered derivative instruments, and the fair value of these commitments is recorded in other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The Corporation’s derivative and hedging activity is further described in Note 9. Commercial and standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Commercial letters of credit are issued specifically to facilitate commerce and typically result in the commitment being drawn on when the underlying transaction is consummated between the customer and the third party, while standby letters of credit generally are contingent upon the failure of the customer to perform according to the terms of the underlying contract with the third party.
Other Commitments
The Corporation invests in qualified affordable housing projects, historic projects, new market projects, and opportunity zone funds for the purpose of community reinvestment and obtaining tax credits and other tax benefits. Return on the Corporation's investment in these projects and funds comes in the form of the tax credits and tax losses that pass through to the Corporation. The aggregate carrying value of these investments at March 31, 2025 was $196 million, compared to $205 million at December 31, 2024, included in tax credit and other investments on the consolidated balance sheets.
Under the proportional amortization method, the Corporation amortizes the initial cost of the investment in proportion to the tax credits and other tax benefits. The Corporation recognized additional income tax expense attributable to the amortization of investments in qualified affordable housing projects of $9 million for both the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024. The Corporation's remaining investment in qualified affordable housing projects accounted for under the proportional amortization method totaled $194 million at March 31, 2025 and $203 million at December 31, 2024.
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The Corporation’s unfunded contributions relating to investments in qualified affordable housing and historic projects are recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The Corporation’s remaining unfunded contributions totaled $26 million at March 31, 2025 and $30 million at December 31, 2024. Additionally, at March 31, 2025, the Corporation also invests in a private SBA loan fund, recorded in equity securities on the consolidated balance sheets, which has a remaining unfunded contribution of $3 million.
For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024, the Corporation did not record any impairment related to qualified affordable housing investments.
The Corporation has principal investment commitments to provide capital-based financing to private companies through either direct investment in specific companies or through investment funds and partnerships. The timing of future cash requirements to fund such principal investment commitments is generally dependent on the investment cycle, whereby privately held companies are funded by private equity investors and ultimately sold, merged, or taken public through an initial offering, which can vary based on overall market conditions, as well as the nature and type of industry in which the companies operate. The timing of future cash requirements to fund these pools is dependent upon loan demand, which can vary over time. The aggregate carrying value of these investments was $58 million at March 31, 2025 and $54 million at December 31, 2024, included in tax credit and other investments on the consolidated balance sheets.
Legal Proceedings
The Corporation is party to various pending and threatened claims and legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business activities, some of which involve claims for substantial amounts. Although there can be no assurance as to the ultimate outcomes, the Corporation believes it has meritorious defenses to the claims asserted against it in its currently outstanding matters and intends to continue to defend itself vigorously with respect to such legal proceedings. The Corporation will consider settlement of cases when, in management’s judgment, it is in the best interests of the Corporation and its shareholders.
On at least a quarterly basis, the Corporation assesses its liabilities and contingencies in connection with all pending or threatened claims and litigation, utilizing the most recent information available. On a matter by matter basis, an accrual for loss is established for those matters which the Corporation believes it is probable that a loss may be incurred and that the amount of such loss can be reasonably estimated. Once established, each accrual is adjusted as appropriate to reflect any subsequent developments. Accordingly, management’s estimate will change from time to time, and actual losses may be more or less than the current estimate. For matters where a loss is not probable, or the amount of the loss cannot be estimated, no accrual is established.
Resolution of legal claims is inherently unpredictable, and in many legal proceedings various factors exacerbate this inherent unpredictability, including where the damages sought are unsubstantiated or indeterminate, it is unclear whether a case brought as a class action will be allowed to proceed on that basis, discovery is not complete, the proceeding is not yet in its final stages, the matters present legal uncertainties, there are significant facts in dispute, there are a large number of parties (including where it is uncertain how liability, if any, will be shared among multiple defendants), or there is a wide range of potential results.
Management believes that the legal proceedings currently pending against it should not have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s consolidated financial condition. However, in light of the uncertainties involved in such proceedings, there is no assurance that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not significantly exceed the reserves the Corporation has currently accrued or that a matter will not have material reputational or other qualitative consequences. As a result, the outcome of a particular matter may be material to the Corporation’s operating results for a particular period, depending on, among other factors, the size of the loss or liability imposed and the level of the Corporation’s income for that period.
Regulatory Matters
A variety of consumer products, including mortgage and deposit products, and certain fees and charges related to such products, have come under increased regulatory scrutiny. It is possible that regulatory authorities could bring enforcement actions, including civil money penalties, or take other actions against the Corporation in regard to these consumer products. The Bank could also determine of its own accord, or be required by regulators, to refund or otherwise make remediation payments to customers in connection with these products, fees and charges. It is not possible at this time for management to assess the probability of a material adverse outcome or reasonably estimate the amount of any potential loss related to such matters.
Mortgage Repurchase Reserve
The Corporation sells residential mortgage loans to investors in the normal course of business. Residential mortgage loans sold to others are predominantly conventional residential first lien mortgages originated under the Corporation's usual underwriting procedures, and are most often sold on a nonrecourse basis, primarily to the GSEs. The Corporation’s agreements to sell
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residential mortgage loans in the normal course of business usually require certain representations and warranties on the underlying loans sold, related to credit information, loan documentation, collateral, and insurability. Subsequent to being sold, if a material underwriting deficiency or documentation defect is discovered, the Corporation may be obligated to repurchase the loan or reimburse the GSEs for losses incurred (collectively, “make whole requests”). The make whole requests and any related risk of loss under the representations and warranties are largely driven by borrower performance. The Corporation also sells qualifying residential mortgage loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies into GNMA pools.
As a result of make whole requests, the Corporation has repurchased loans with aggregate principal balances of approximately $866,000 and $3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024, respectively. There were no loss reimbursement and settlement claims paid in the three months ended March 31, 2025 or for the year ended December 31, 2024. Make whole requests since January 1, 2024 generally arose from loans originated since January 1, 2022 with such balances totaling $3.4 billion at the time of sale, consisting primarily of loans sold to GSEs. As of March 31, 2025, $1.4 billion of those loans originated since January 1, 2022 remain outstanding.
The balance in the mortgage repurchase reserve at the balance sheet date reflects the estimated amount of potential loss the Corporation could incur from repurchasing a loan, as well as loss reimbursements, indemnifications, and other settlement resolutions. The mortgage repurchase reserve, included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, was approximately $584,000 at March 31, 2025 and approximately $553,000 at December 31, 2024.
The Corporation may also sell residential mortgage loans with limited recourse (limited in that the recourse period ends prior to the loan’s maturity, usually after certain time and/or loan paydown criteria have been met), whereby repurchase could be required if the loan had defined delinquency issues during the limited recourse periods. At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were $13 million and $14 million, respectively, of residential mortgage loans sold with such recourse risk. There have been limited instances and immaterial historical losses on repurchases for recourse under the limited recourse criteria.
The Corporation has a subordinate position to the FHLB in the credit risk on residential mortgage loans it sold to the FHLB Mortgage Partnership Finance Traditional program in exchange for a monthly credit enhancement fee. At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were $159 million and $134 million, respectively, of such residential mortgage loans with credit risk recourse, upon which there have been immaterial historical losses to the Corporation.
Note 12 Fair Value Measurements
Fair value represents the estimated price at which an orderly transaction to sell an asset or to transfer a liability would take place between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions (i.e., an exit price concept).
The valuation methodologies for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis are described in the Fair Value Measurements note in the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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The tables below present the Corporation’s financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis and carrying amounts and estimated fair values of certain financial instruments, aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy within which those measurements fall:
Mar 31, 2025
($ in thousands)Carrying AmountFair ValueLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Assets
Cash and due from banks$521,323 $521,323 $521,323 $ $ 
Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions711,033 711,033 711,033   
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell105 105 105   
AFS investment securities:
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities)2,995 2,995  2,995  
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA / FHLMC118,036 118,036  118,036  
GNMA4,438,964 4,438,964  4,438,964  
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA / FHLMC16,959 16,959  16,959  
GNMA111,433 111,433  111,433  
Asset backed securities:
FFELP104,774 104,774  104,774  
SBA410 410  410  
Other debt securities2,999 2,999  2,999  
Total AFS investment securities4,796,570 4,796,570  4,796,570  
HTM investment securities:
U.S. Treasury securities994 1,009 1,009   
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities), net1,648,981 1,454,742  1,454,742  
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA / FHLMC871,331 723,822  723,822  
GNMA42,972 39,977  39,977  
Private-label320,057 268,201  268,201  
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA / FHLMC770,177 640,734  640,734  
GNMA51,281 45,621  45,621  
Total HTM investment securities, net3,705,793 3,174,106 1,009 3,173,098  
Equity securities:
Equity securities10,831 10,831 10,760  71 
Equity securities at NAV12,500 12,500 
Total equity securities23,331 23,331 
FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank stocks194,244 194,244  194,244  
Residential loans held for sale47,611 47,611  47,611  
Commercial loans held for sale7,910 7,910  7,910  
Loans, net29,895,996 29,057,135   29,057,135 
Bank and corporate owned life insurance690,551 690,551  690,551  
Mortgage servicing rights, net86,251 86,251   86,251 
Interest rate-related instruments designated as hedging instruments(a)
8,813 8,813  8,813  
Foreign currency exchange forwards designated as hedging instruments(a)
1,460 1,460  1,460  
Interest rate-related and other instruments not designated as hedging instruments(a)
81,446 81,446  81,446  
Foreign currency exchange forwards not designated as hedging instruments(a)
2,085 2,085  2,085  
Interest rate lock commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale988 988   988 
Total selected assets at fair value$40,775,509 $39,404,961 $1,244,229 $9,003,788 $29,144,444 
(a) Figures are presented gross before netting. See Note 9 and Note 10 for information relating to the impact of offsetting derivative assets and liabilities and cash collateral with the same counterparty where there is a legally enforceable master netting agreement in place.
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Mar 31, 2025
($ in thousands)Carrying AmountFair ValueLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Liabilities
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing demand$6,135,946 $6,135,946 $ $ $6,135,946 
Savings5,247,291 5,247,291   5,247,291 
Interest-bearing demand9,075,133 9,075,133   9,075,133 
Money market6,820,038 6,820,038   6,820,038 
Brokered CDs(a)
4,197,512 4,197,512  4,197,512  
Other time deposits(a)
3,720,793 3,720,793  3,720,793  
Total deposits35,196,713 35,196,713  7,918,305 27,278,408 
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase311,335 311,336  311,336  
FHLB advances2,027,297 2,026,570  2,026,570  
Other long-term funding591,382 591,715  591,715  
Standby letters of credit(b)
2,628 2,628  2,628  
Interest rate-related instruments designated as hedging instruments(c)
418 418  418  
Foreign currency exchange forwards designated as hedging instruments(c)
115 115  115  
Interest rate-related and other instruments not designated as hedging instruments(c)
136,453 136,453  136,453  
Foreign currency exchange forwards not designated as hedging instruments(c)
1,846 1,846  1,846  
Forward commitments to sell residential mortgage loans583 583   583 
Total selected liabilities at fair value$38,268,772 $38,268,377 $ $10,989,386 $27,278,991 

(a) When the estimated fair value is less than the carrying value, the carrying value is reported as the fair value.
(b) The commitment on standby letters of credit was $260 million at March 31, 2025. See Note 11 for additional information on the standby letters of credit and for information on the fair value of lending-related commitments.
(c) Figures are presented gross before netting. See Note 9 and Note 10 for information relating to the impact of offsetting derivative assets and liabilities and cash collateral with the same counterparty where there is a legally enforceable master netting agreement in place.

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Dec 31, 2024
($ in thousands)Carrying AmountFair ValueLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Assets
Cash and due from banks$544,059 $544,059 $544,059 $ $ 
Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions453,590 453,590 453,590   
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell21,955 21,955 21,955   
AFS investment securities:
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities)3,005 3,005  3,005  
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA / FHLMC110,928 110,928  110,928  
GNMA4,227,727 4,227,727  4,227,727  
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA / FHLMC17,000 17,000  17,000  
GNMA111,475 111,475  111,475  
Asset backed securities:
FFELP107,839 107,839  107,839  
SBA471 471  471  
Other debt securities2,989 2,989  2,989  
Total AFS investment securities4,581,434 4,581,434  4,581,434  
HTM investment securities:
U.S. Treasury securities1,000 999 999   
Obligations of state and political subdivisions (municipal securities), net1,659,662 1,486,582  1,486,582  
Residential mortgage-related securities:
FNMA / FHLMC885,476 721,946  721,946  
GNMA43,693 39,927  39,927  
Private-label324,182 266,353  266,353  
Commercial mortgage-related securities:
FNMA / FHLMC772,456 623,595  623,595  
GNMA52,219 46,032  46,032  
Total HTM investment securities, net3,738,687 3,185,434 999 3,184,435  
Equity securities:
Equity securities10,742 10,742 10,670  72 
Equity securities at NAV12,500 12,500 
Total equity securities23,242 23,242 
FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank stocks179,665 179,665  179,665  
Residential loans held for sale646,687 646,687  646,687  
Commercial loans held for sale32,634 32,634  32,634  
Loans, net29,373,557 28,327,115   28,327,115 
Bank and corporate owned life insurance689,000 689,000  689,000  
Mortgage servicing rights, net87,683 87,683   87,683 
Interest rate-related instruments designated as hedging instruments(a)
2,960 2,960  2,960  
Foreign currency exchange forwards designated as hedging instruments(a)
2,457 2,457  2,457  
Interest rate-related and other instruments not designated as hedging instruments(a)
88,541 88,541  88,541  
Foreign currency exchange forwards not designated as hedging instruments(a)
4,315 4,315  4,315  
Interest rate lock commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale327 327   327 
Forward commitments to sell residential mortgage loans254 254   254 
Total selected assets at fair value$40,471,048 $38,871,352 $1,031,273 $9,412,129 $28,415,450 
(a) Figures are presented gross before netting. See Note 9 and Note 10 for information relating to the impact of offsetting derivative assets and liabilities and cash collateral with the same counterparty where there is a legally enforceable master netting agreement in place.
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Dec 31, 2024
($ in thousands)Carrying AmountFair ValueLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Liabilities
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing demand$5,775,657 $5,775,657 $ $ $5,775,657 
Savings5,133,295 5,133,295   5,133,295 
Interest-bearing demand9,124,741 9,124,741   9,124,741 
Money market6,637,915 6,637,915   6,637,915 
Brokered CDs(a)
4,276,309 4,276,309  4,276,309  
Other time deposits(a)
3,700,518 3,700,518  3,700,518  
Total deposits34,648,434 34,648,434  7,976,827 26,671,607 
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase470,369 470,370  470,370  
FHLB advances1,853,807 1,852,685  1,852,685  
Other long-term funding837,635 823,991  823,991  
Standby letters of credit(b)
2,546 2,546  2,546  
Interest rate-related instruments designated as hedging instruments(c)
2,976 2,976  2,976  
Foreign currency exchange forwards designated as hedging instruments(c)
563 563  563  
Interest rate-related and other instruments not designated as hedging instruments(c)
170,928 170,928  170,928  
Foreign currency exchange forwards not designated as hedging instruments(c)
4,106 4,106  4,106  
Total selected liabilities at fair value$37,991,364 $37,976,599 $ $11,304,992 $26,671,607 

(a) When the estimated fair value is less than the carrying value, the carrying value is reported as the fair value.
(b) The commitment on standby letters of credit was $254 million at December 31, 2024. See Note 11 for additional information on the standby letters of credit and for information on the fair value of lending-related commitments.
(c) Figures are presented gross before netting. See Note 9 and Note 10 for information relating to the impact of offsetting derivative assets and liabilities and cash collateral with the same counterparty where there is a legally enforceable master netting agreement in place.
The table below presents a rollforward of the consolidated balance sheets amounts for the Corporation's mortgage derivatives measured on a recurring basis and classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy:
($ in thousands)Interest rate lock commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for saleForward commitments to sell residential mortgage loansTotal
Balance December 31, 2023$439 $673 $(234)
New production11,771 (4,000)15,771 
Closed loans / settlements(8,816)3,512 (12,328)
Other(3,068)(438)(2,630)
Change in mortgage derivative(113)(927)814 
Balance December 31, 2024$327 $(254)$580 
New production$2,410 $(812)$3,221 
Closed loans / settlements(1,989)653 (2,642)
Other240 995 (755)
Change in mortgage derivative661 837 (176)
Balance March 31, 2025$988 $583 $404 
The following table presents a rollforward of the fair value of Level 3 equity securities that are measured under the measurement alternative, and the related adjustments recorded during the periods presented for those securities with observable price changes:
 ($ in thousands)
Fair value as of December 31, 2023$24,769 
Gains recognized in investment securities gains, net4,054 
Purchases22 
Sales(28,772)
Fair value as of December 31, 2024$72 
Purchases10 
Sales(11)
Fair value as of March 31, 2025$71 
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The table below presents the Corporation’s assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy within which those measurements fall:
($ in thousands)Fair Value HierarchyFair ValueConsolidated Statements of Income Category of Adjustment Recognized in Income
Adjustment Recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Income(a)
Mar 31, 2025
Assets
Individually evaluated loansLevel 3$20,151 Provision for credit losses$5,096 
OREO(b)
Level 22,059 
Other noninterest expense / provision for credit losses(c)
4,407 
Dec 31, 2024
Assets
Individually evaluated loansLevel 3$31,483 Provision for credit losses$17,454 
OREO(b)
Level 2276 
Other noninterest expense / provision for credit losses(c)
1,067 
(a) Includes the YTD impact on the consolidated statements of income.
(b) If the fair value of the collateral exceeds the carrying amount of the asset, no charge off or adjustment is necessary, the asset is not considered to be carried at fair value and is therefore not included in the table.
(c) When a property's value is written down at the time it is transferred to OREO, the charge off is booked to the provision for credit losses. When a property is already in OREO and subsequently written down, the charge off is booked to other noninterest expense.
The table below presents the unobservable inputs that are readily quantifiable pertaining to Level 3 measurements:
Mar 31, 2025Valuation TechniqueSignificant Unobservable InputRange of InputsWeighted Average Input Applied
Mortgage servicing rightsDiscounted cash flowOption adjusted spread5%-8%5%
Mortgage servicing rightsDiscounted cash flowConstant prepayment rate%-100%5%
Individually evaluated loansAppraisals / discounted cash flowCollateral / discount factor%-38%32%
Interest rate lock commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for saleDiscounted cash flowClosing ratio61%-100%91%
Note 13 Retirement Plans
The Corporation has a noncontributory defined benefit RAP, covering substantially all employees who meet participation requirements. The benefits are based primarily on years of service and the employee’s compensation paid. Employees of acquired entities generally participate in the RAP after consummation of the business combinations. Any retirement plans of acquired entities are typically merged into the RAP after completion of the mergers, and credit is usually given to employees for years of service at the acquired institution for vesting and eligibility purposes.
The Corporation also provides legacy healthcare access to a limited group of retired employees from a previous acquisition in the Postretirement Plan. There are no other active retiree healthcare plans.
The components of net periodic pension cost and net periodic benefit cost for the RAP and Postretirement Plan were as follows:
Three Months Ended Mar 31,
($ in thousands)20252024
RAP
Service cost$810 $874 
Interest cost2,814 2,719 
Expected return on plan assets(9,809)(8,650)
Amortization of prior service cost(44)(53)
Total net periodic pension cost$(6,230)$(5,111)
Postretirement Plan
Interest cost$26 $18 
Amortization of prior service cost(19)(19)
Amortization of actuarial loss (gain)4 (7)
Total net periodic benefit cost$12 $(8)
The components of net periodic pension cost and net periodic benefit cost, other than the service cost component, are included in the other noninterest expense caption of the consolidated statements of income. The service cost components are included in personnel noninterest expense caption of the consolidated statements of income.
The Corporation’s funding policy is to pay at least the minimum amount required by federal law and regulations, with consideration given to the maximum funding amounts allowed. The Corporation regularly reviews the funding of its RAP. There were no contributions during 2024 or the three months ended March 31, 2025.
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Note 14 Segment Reporting
The Corporation is managed through operating segments based on our internal structure and management process, which is how we assess performance and allocate resources to the segments. Certain operating segments have been aggregated into our three reportable segments where the nature of the products and services, the type of customer, and the distribution of those products and services are similar. The three reportable segments are Corporate and Commercial Specialty; Community, Consumer, and Business; and Risk Management and Shared Services. A description of the products and services and the related customers for each reportable segment can be found in the Segment Reporting note in the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Effective beginning the fourth quarter of 2024, the Corporation made the change to move the private wealth operating segment from the Corporate and Commercial Specialty segment to the Community, Consumer and Business segment given its continued alignment with the products, services, and customers of that segment. This impacted the composition of the reportable segments and the Corporation has recast the impacted items of reportable segment information for the earlier presented periods.
The financial information of the Corporation’s segments disclosed below has been compiled utilizing the accounting policies described in the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K with certain exceptions based on internal management accounting policies. The significant exceptions are as follows:
The Corporation allocates certain net interest income, the provision for credit losses, certain noninterest expenses, and income taxes to each operating segment. Allocation methodologies are subject to periodic adjustment as the internal management accounting system is revised, the interest rate environment evolves, and business or product lines within the segments change. Also, because the development and application of these methodologies is a dynamic process, the financial results presented may be periodically reviewed. There were no significant changes in the current year to the methods for allocations to the segments from the prior periods.
The Corporation allocates certain net interest income using an internal FTP methodology that charges users of funds (assets, primarily loans) and credits providers of funds (liabilities, primarily deposits) based on the maturity, prepayment, and/or re-pricing characteristics of the assets and liabilities. This allocation is reflected as net intersegment interest income (expense) in the accompanying tables.
The provision for credit losses is allocated to segments based on the expected long-term annual net charge off rates attributable to the credit risk of loans managed by the segment during the period. In contrast, the level of the consolidated provision for credit losses is determined based on an ACLL model using methodologies described in the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The net effect of the above allocations is recorded within the Risk Management and Shared Services segment to ensure consolidated totals reflect the Corporation's consolidated financial information.
Indirect expenses incurred by certain centralized support areas (including facilities, information technology services and applications, management expenses, and FDIC expense) are allocated to segments based on actual usage (for example, volume measurements or FTEs) and other criteria. Certain types of administrative expense and bank-wide expense accruals (including, when applicable, amortization of CDIs and other intangible assets associated with acquisitions, acquisition-related costs, and asset gains on disposed business units) are generally not allocated and remain in the Risk Management and Shared Services segment. This allocation is reflected as allocated indirect expense in the accompanying tables.
Income tax expense (benefit) is allocated to segments based on the Corporation’s estimated effective tax rate, with certain segments adjusted for any tax-exempt income or non-deductible expenses.
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Financial information about the Corporation’s segments is presented below:
As of and for the Quarter Ended March 31, 2025
($ in thousands)Corporate and Commercial SpecialtyCommunity, Consumer and Business
Risk Management and Shared Services(a)
Consolidated Corporation
Net segment interest income (expense)$227,286 $62,496 $(3,841)$285,941 
Net intersegment interest (expense) income(93,342)135,656 (42,314) 
Net interest income (expense)133,944 198,152 (46,155)285,941 
Noninterest income (expense)12,903 49,100 (3,227)58,776 
Total income (expense) before provision146,847 247,252 (49,382)344,717 
Provision for credit losses19,014 6,072 (12,083)13,003 
Total income (expense) after provision127,833 241,180 (37,299)331,714 
Noninterest expense
Personnel21,327 59,871 42,699 123,897 
Technology(b)
591 13,045 13,503 27,139 
Occupancy(b)
 27 15,354 15,381 
Business development and advertising934 837 4,615 6,386 
Equipment(b)
 1,103 3,424 4,527 
Legal and professional 201 809 5,073 6,083 
Loan and foreclosure costs810 1,344 440 2,594 
FDIC assessment  10,436 10,436 
Other intangible amortization  2,203 2,203 
Other noninterest expense781 7,490 3,703 11,974 
Allocated indirect expense (income)20,508 52,291 (72,799) 
Total noninterest expense45,152 136,817 28,651 210,619 
Net income (loss) before income taxes82,681 104,363 (65,950)121,095 
Income tax expense (benefit)15,696 21,916 (18,203)19,409 
Net income (loss)$66,985 $82,447 $(47,747)$101,687 
Loans$17,400,092 $12,417,213 $476,822 $30,294,127 
Allocated goodwill525,836 579,156  1,104,992 
Total assets18,202,227 13,245,770 11,861,139 43,309,136 
(a) An unusual item of a $7 million loss on mortgage portfolio sale as a result of the settlement of the mortgage sale announced in the fourth quarter of 2024 is included within the noninterest income (expense) caption.
(b) A portion of total depreciation expense of approximately $61,000, $3 million, and $11 million for the Corporate and Commercial Specialty, Community Consumer and Business, and Risk Management and Shared Services segments, respectively, is included in this expense caption.

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As of and for the Quarter Ended March 31, 2024
($ in thousands)Corporate and Commercial SpecialtyCommunity, Consumer and BusinessRisk Management and Shared ServicesConsolidated Corporation
Net segment interest income (expense)$239,729 $61,395 $(43,266)$257,858 
Net intersegment interest (expense) income(107,565)143,987 (36,422) 
Net interest income (expense)132,164 205,382 (79,688)257,858 
Noninterest income11,869 47,048 6,068 64,985 
Total income (expense) before provision144,033 252,430 (73,620)322,843 
Provision for credit losses14,998 7,256 1,747 24,001 
Total income (expense) after provision129,035 245,174 (75,367)298,842 
Noninterest expense
Personnel20,430 60,569 38,396 119,395 
Technology(a)
601 11,349 14,250 26,200 
Occupancy(a)
 22 13,611 13,633 
Business development and advertising937 859 4,721 6,517 
Equipment(a)
1 1,398 3,200 4,599 
Legal and professional135 401 4,136 4,672 
Loan and foreclosure costs246 1,652 81 1,979 
FDIC assessment  13,946 13,946 
Other intangible amortization  2,203 2,203 
Other noninterest expense763 6,388 (2,638)4,513 
Allocated indirect expense (income)19,665 51,424 (71,089) 
Total noninterest expense42,778 134,062 20,817 197,657 
Net income (loss) before income taxes86,257 111,112 (96,184)101,185 
Income tax expense (benefit)17,808 23,335 (21,127)20,016 
Net income (loss)$68,449 $87,777 $(75,058)$81,169 
Loans$16,171,212 $12,770,285 $552,766 29,494,263 
Allocated goodwill525,836 $579,156  1,104,992 
Total assets16,973,027 13,600,201 10,563,856 41,137,084 
(a) A portion of total depreciation expense of approximately $61,000, $2 million, and $10 million for the Corporate and Commercial Specialty, Community Consumer and Business, and Risk Management and Shared Services segments, respectively, is included in this expense caption.
Expenses included within the other noninterest expense line of the segment information above relate to the remaining segment expenses including office expense and card issuance costs. None of the individual expense categories rise to the level of significance for the segment; however, they are utilized in determining the profit or loss measure for each segment.
The management accounting policies and processes utilized in compiling segment financial information are highly subjective and, unlike financial accounting, are not based on authoritative guidance similar to U.S. GAAP. As a result, reportable segments and the financial information of the reported segments are not necessarily comparable with similar information reported by other financial institutions. Furthermore, the information presented is not indicative of how the segments would perform if they operated as independent entities.
The chief operating decision maker for each of the segments is the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation. For the Corporate and Commercial Specialty and Community, Consumer and Business segments, the chief operating decision maker utilizes net interest income, net income and average total loans and deposits in allocating resources for each segment predominantly in the annual budget and forecasting process. The chief operating decision maker considers budget-to-actual variances on a monthly basis for both profit measures when making decisions about allocating capital and personnel to the segments. Based on the reviews of these two segments and other company-wide initiatives, the chief operating decision maker is informed about allocation of resources to the Risk Management and Shared Services segment.
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Note 15 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following tables summarize the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at March 31, 2025 and 2024, including changes during the preceding three month periods as well as any reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
($ in thousands)AFS Investment
Securities
Cash Flow Hedge DerivativesDefined Benefit
Pension and
Postretirement
Obligations
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
(Loss) Income
Balance December 31, 2024
$(48,993)$(1,268)$(24,154)$(74,416)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications31,832  4,770 36,602 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
HTM investment securities, net, at amortized cost(a)
1,927   1,927 
Other assets / accrued expenses and other liabilities 7,268  7,268 
Interest income 1,118  1,118 
Personnel expense  (63)(63)
Other expense  (4)(4)
Income tax (expense) benefit(8,420)2,018 (1,173)(7,576)
Net other comprehensive income during period25,339 10,403 3,530 39,272 
Balance March 31, 2025$(23,655)$9,135 $(20,624)$(35,144)
Balance December 31, 2023$(148,641)$3,080 $(25,535)$(171,096)
Other comprehensive (loss) before reclassifications(29,889)  (29,889)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
Investment securities losses, net197   197 
HTM investment securities, net, at amortized cost(a)
2,060   2,060 
Other assets / accrued expenses and other liabilities (19,461) (19,461)
Interest income 4,823  4,823 
Personnel expense  (72)(72)
Other expense  (7)(7)
Income tax benefit (expense)6,885 (1,688)(1,633)3,564 
Net other comprehensive loss during period(20,746)(16,326)(1,712)(38,785)
Balance March 31, 2024$(169,388)$(13,246)$(27,247)$(209,881)
(a) Amortization of net unrealized losses on AFS securities transferred to HTM securities.
Note 16 Leases
The Corporation has operating leases for retail and corporate offices, land, and equipment. The Corporation also has a finance lease for retail and corporate offices.
These leases have original terms of 1 year or longer with remaining maturities up to 38 years, some of which include options to extend the lease term. An analysis of the lease options has been completed and any purchase options or optional periods that the Corporation is reasonably likely to extend have been included in the capitalization.
The discount rate used to capitalize the operating leases is the FHLB borrowing rate on the date of lease commencement. When determining the rate to discount specific lease obligations, the repayment period and term are considered.
Operating and finance lease costs and cash flows resulting from these leases are presented below:
Three Months Ended Mar 31,
($ in thousands)20252024
Operating lease costs$1,702 $1,545 
Finance lease costs1 23 
Operating lease cash flows1,675 1,844 
Finance lease cash flows23 23 
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The right-of-use asset and lease liability by lease classifications on the consolidated balance sheets were as follows:
($ in thousands)Consolidated Balance Sheets CategoryMar 31, 2025Dec 31, 2024
Operating lease right-of-use assetPremises and equipment$32,509 $33,202 
Operating lease liabilityAccrued expenses and other liabilities34,931 35,596 
Finance lease liabilityOther long-term funding273 295 
The lease payment obligations, weighted-average remaining lease term, and weighted-average original discount rate were as follows:
Mar 31, 2025Dec 31, 2024
($ in thousands)Lease PaymentsWeighted-average Lease Term (in years)Weighted-average Discount RateLease PaymentsWeighted-average Lease Term (in years)Weighted-average Discount Rate
Operating leases
Retail and corporate offices$37,595 8.154.27 %$39,072 8.304.26 %
Land3,766 6.483.81 %3,228 6.633.52 %
Equipment204 1.254.62 %204 1.504.62 %
Total operating leases$41,565 7.964.23 %$42,505 8.134.20 %
Finance leases
Retail and corporate offices$278 3.001.32 %$301 3.251.32 %
Total finance leases$278 3.001.32 %$301 3.251.32 %
Contractual lease payment obligations for each of the next five years and thereafter, in addition to a reconciliation to the Corporation’s lease liability, were as follows:
($ in thousands)Operating LeasesFinance LeasesTotal Leases
Nine months ended December 31, 2025$5,121 $69 $5,191 
20266,397 93 6,490 
20275,741 93 5,833 
20284,998 23 5,021 
20293,732  3,732 
Beyond 202915,577  15,577 
Total lease payments$41,565 $278 $41,843 
Less: interest6,635 5 6,640 
Present value of lease payments$34,931 $273 $35,203 
As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, additional operating leases, primarily retail and corporate offices, that had not yet commenced totaled $1 million and $2 million of future lease obligations, respectively. The leases that had not yet commenced as of March 31, 2025 will commence in April 2025 with lease terms of 3 years to 7 years. Rental income generated by the Corporation's leases is included within occupancy expense on the consolidated statements of income.
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ITEM 2.Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains statements that may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe-harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, such as statements other than historical facts contained or incorporated by reference into this report. These forward-looking statements include statements with respect to the Corporation’s financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance and business, including statements preceded by, followed by or that include the words “believes,” “expects,” or “anticipates,” references to estimates or similar expressions. Future filings by the Corporation with the SEC, and future statements other than historical facts contained in written material, press releases and oral statements issued by, or on behalf of the Corporation may also constitute forward-looking statements.
All forward-looking statements contained in this report or which may be contained in future statements made for or on behalf of the Corporation are based upon information available at the time the statement is made and the Corporation assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, except as required by federal securities law. Forward-looking statements are subject to significant risks and uncertainties, and the Corporation’s actual results may differ materially from the expected results discussed in such forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause actual results to differ from the results discussed in forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the risk factors in Item 1A, Risk Factors, in the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, and as may be described from time to time in the Corporation’s subsequent SEC filings.
Overview
The following discussion and analysis is presented to assist in the understanding and evaluation of the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations. It is intended to complement the unaudited consolidated financial statements, footnotes, and supplemental financial data appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and should be read in conjunction therewith. Management continually evaluates strategic acquisition opportunities and various other strategic alternatives that could involve the sale or acquisition of branches or other assets, or the consolidation or creation of subsidiaries. Within the tables presented, certain columns and rows may not recalculate due to the use of rounded numbers for disclosure purposes.
Performance Summary
Average loans of $30.1 billion increased $742 million, or 3%, from the first three months of 2024, driven primarily by increases in commercial and business lending and auto finance loans, partially offset by a decrease in residential mortgage lending resulting from the Corporation's balance sheet repositioning announced in the fourth quarter of 2024.
Average deposits of $34.8 billion increased $1.6 billion, or 5%, from the first three months of 2024, driven by increases in all deposit types except noninterest-bearing demand and money market deposits.
Net interest income of $286 million increased $28 million, or 11%, from the first three months of 2024, and net interest margin was 2.97%, compared to 2.79% for the first three months of 2024. The increases in net interest income and net interest margin were primarily driven by balance sheet repositioning announced in the fourth quarter of 2024.
Provision for credit losses was $13 million compared to $24 million for the first three months of 2024, driven by nominal credit movement coupled with general macroeconomic trends.
Noninterest income of $59 million decreased $6 million, or 10%, from the first three months of 2024, primarily driven by a $7 million loss recognized related to the settlement of the mortgage loan sale as part of the balance sheet repositioning announced in the fourth quarter of 2024.
Noninterest expense of $211 million increased $13 million, or 7%, from the first three months of 2024, primarily driven by increases in personnel expense due to annual merit increases and other noninterest expense primarily due to a $4 million OREO write down, partially offset by a decrease in FDIC assessment expense given the recognition of the FDIC special assessment in the first quarter of 2024.
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Table 1 Summary Results of Operations: Trends
Three months ended
($ in thousands, except per share data)Mar 31, 2025Dec 31, 2024Sep 30, 2024Jun 30, 2024Mar 31, 2024
Net income (loss)$101,687 $(161,615)$88,018 $115,573 $81,169 
Net income (loss) available to common equity98,812 (164,490)85,143 112,698 78,294 
Earnings (loss) per common share - basic 0.60 (1.04)0.56 0.75 0.52 
Earnings (loss) per common share - diluted0.59 (1.03)0.56 0.74 0.52 
Effective tax rate16.03 %N/M18.61 %(12.33)%19.78 %
N/M = Not Meaningful
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Table 2 Net Interest Income Analysis
 Three Months Ended,
 Mar 31, 2025Dec 31, 2024Mar 31, 2024
 ($ in thousands)Average
Balance
Interest
Income /
Expense
Average
Yield /
Rate
Average
Balance
Interest
Income /
Expense
Average
Yield /
Rate
Average
Balance
Interest
Income /
Expense
Average
Yield /
Rate
Assets
Earning assets
Loans(a)(b)
Commercial and business lending$11,724,484 $185,985 6.43%$11,474,489 $194,355 6.74%$10,816,255 $194,090 7.22%
Commercial real estate lending7,313,994 121,034 6.71%7,206,796 128,476 7.09%7,389,962 138,850 7.56%
Total commercial19,038,479 307,020 6.54%18,681,285 322,831 6.88%18,206,217 332,940 7.35%
Residential mortgage7,256,320 66,823 3.68%7,814,056 70,513 3.61%7,896,956 68,787 3.48%
Auto finance2,844,730 39,176 5.59%2,771,414 39,365 5.65%2,373,720 32,603 5.52%
Other retail971,453 20,826 8.63%935,162 21,041 8.98%892,128 20,661 9.28%
Total loans30,110,982 433,844 5.83%30,201,918 453,750 5.98%29,369,022 454,991 6.22%
Investment securities
Taxable6,398,584 69,919 4.37%5,745,085 50,752 3.53%5,517,023 46,727 3.39%
Tax-exempt(a)
2,016,144 17,666 3.50%2,085,957 17,653 3.39%2,133,352 18,024 3.38%
Other short-term investments757,227 9,111 4.88%846,195 10,717 5.04%576,782 8,311 5.80%
Total investment securities9,171,955 96,696 4.22%8,677,238 79,122 3.64%8,227,158 73,062 3.55%
Total earning assets39,282,937 $530,540 5.45%38,879,155 $532,871 5.46%37,596,179 $528,053 5.64%
Other assets, net3,347,690 3,192,406 3,173,027 
Total assets$42,630,627 $42,071,562 $40,769,206 
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Interest-bearing liabilities
Interest-bearing deposits
Savings$5,162,468 $17,929 1.41%$5,132,247 $20,120 1.56%$4,928,031 $21,747 1.77%
Interest-bearing demand8,031,707 45,430 2.29%7,623,230 46,061 2.40%7,490,119 49,990 2.68%
Money market6,079,551 39,560 2.64%5,924,269 41,457 2.78%6,116,604 47,306 3.11%
Network transaction deposits1,847,972 20,067 4.40%1,690,745 20,091 4.73%1,651,937 22,205 5.41%
Time deposits8,071,642 86,154 4.33%8,228,420 95,158 4.60%7,198,315 84,983 4.75%
Total interest-bearing deposits29,193,341 209,140 2.91%28,598,911 222,888 3.10%27,385,005 226,231 3.32%
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase375,910 3,622 3.91%310,370 3,203 4.11%263,979 2,863 4.36%
Other short-term funding31,312 408 5.28%88,415 1,135 5.11%449,999 5,603 5.01%
FHLB advances1,595,972 16,090 4.09%1,456,087 17,908 4.89%1,540,247 21,671 5.66%
Other long-term funding627,658 11,085 7.06%840,880 13,769 6.55%539,106 10,058 7.46%
Total short and long-term funding2,630,852 31,205 4.79%2,695,752 36,015 5.33%2,793,331 40,194 5.78%
Total interest-bearing liabilities31,824,193 $240,345 3.06%31,294,664 $258,903 3.29%30,178,337 $266,425 3.55%
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits5,640,123 5,738,557 5,882,052 
Other liabilities535,732 510,000 527,437 
Stockholders’ equity4,630,578 4,528,342 4,181,381 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$42,630,627 $42,071,562 $40,769,206 
Interest rate spread2.39%2.17%2.09%
Net free funds0.58%0.64%0.70%
Fully tax-equivalent net interest income and net interest margin$290,195 2.97%$273,968 2.81%$261,628 2.79%
Fully tax-equivalent adjustment4,254 3,680 3,770 
Net interest income$285,941 $270,289 $257,858 
(a) The average yield on tax-exempt loans and securities is computed on a fully tax-equivalent basis using a tax rate of 21%.
(b) Loans held for sale have been included in the average balances.



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Notable Contributions to the Change in Net Interest Income
Fully tax-equivalent net interest income and net interest income were $29 million and $28 million, or 11%, higher than the first three months of 2024, respectively. The Federal Reserve decreased the federal funds target interest rate by 100 bp in the second half of 2024 causing a decrease in the rate environment and resulted in the average yield on earning assets to decrease 19 bp and the cost of interest-bearing liabilities to decrease 49 bp from the first three months of 2024 given our ability to reprice deposits downwards. See sections Interest Rate Risk and Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk for a discussion of interest rate risk and market risk.
Average loans increased $742 million, or 3%, from the first three months of 2024, and average investment securities increased $945 million, or 11%, from the first three months of 2024.
•    Average interest-bearing liabilities increased $1.6 billion, or 5%, compared to the first three months of 2024. Average interest-bearing deposits increased $1.8 billion, or 7%, from the first three months of 2024, driven by increases in all deposit types except money market. Average total short and long-term funding decreased $162 million, or 6%, from the first three months of 2024, primarily driven by a decrease in other short-term funding related to the payoff of BTFP advances, partially offset by increases in all other funding categories. Average noninterest-bearing demand deposits decreased $242 million, or 4%, from the first three months of 2024.
Provision for Credit Losses
The provision for credit losses is predominantly a function of the Corporation’s reserving methodology and judgments as to other qualitative and quantitative factors used to determine the appropriate level of the ACLL, which focuses on changes in the size and character of the loan portfolio, changes in levels of individually evaluated and other nonaccrual loans, historical losses and delinquencies in each portfolio category, the risk inherent in specific loans, concentrations of loans to specific borrowers or industries, existing economic conditions and economic forecasts, the fair value of underlying collateral, and other factors which could affect potential credit losses. See additional discussion under the sections titled Loans, Credit Risk, Nonperforming Assets, and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans.
Noninterest Income
Table 3 Noninterest Income
Three months endedChanges vs
($ in thousands, except as noted)Mar 31, 2025Dec 31, 2024Sep 30, 2024Jun 30, 2024Mar 31, 2024Dec 31, 2024Mar 31, 2024
Wealth management fees$22,498 $24,103 $24,144 $22,628 $21,694 (7)%%
Service charges and deposit account fees12,814 13,232 13,708 12,263 12,439 (3)%%
Card-based fees10,442 11,948 11,731 11,975 11,267 (13)%(7)%
Other fee-based revenue5,251 5,182 5,057 4,857 4,402 %19 %
Total fee-based revenue51,004 54,465 54,640 51,723 49,802 (6)%%
Capital markets, net4,345 9,032 4,317 4,685 4,050 (52)%%
Mortgage banking, net3,822 3,387 2,132 2,505 2,662 13 %44 %
Loss on mortgage portfolio sale(6,976)(130,406)— — — (95)%N/M
Bank and corporate owned life insurance5,204 2,322 4,001 4,584 2,570 124 %102 %
Other2,251 2,257 2,504 2,222 2,327 — %(3)%
Subtotal59,650 (58,943)67,595 65,719 61,411 N/M(3)%
Asset (losses) gains, net(878)364 (474)(627)(306)N/M187 %
Investment securities gains (losses), net(148,194)100 67 3,879 N/M(100)%
Total noninterest income (loss)$58,776 $(206,772)$67,221 $65,159 $64,985 N/M(10)%
Assets under management, at market value(a)
14,685 14,773 15,033 14,304 14,171 (1)%%
N/M = Not Meaningful
(a) $ in millions. Excludes assets held in brokerage accounts.
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Notable Contributions to the Change in Noninterest Income
Loss on mortgage portfolio sale increased $7 million from the first three months of 2024, due to the recognition of a loss in the first quarter of 2025 related to the settlement of the mortgage sale announced in the fourth quarter of 2024.
Bank and corporate owned life insurance increased $3 million from the first three months of 2024, driven by an increased number of claims.
Investment securities gains (losses), net, decreased $4 million from the first three months of 2024, as a result of the sale of the Corporation's remaining Visa B shares in the first quarter of 2024.
Noninterest Expense
Table 4 Noninterest Expense
Three months endedChange vs
($ in thousands)Mar 31, 2025Dec 31, 2024Sep 30, 2024Jun 30, 2024Mar 31, 2024Dec 31, 2024Mar 31, 2024
Personnel$123,897 $125,944 $121,036 $121,581 $119,395 (2)%%
Technology27,139 26,984 27,217 27,161 26,200 %%
Occupancy15,381 14,325 13,536 13,128 13,633 %13 %
Business development and advertising6,386 7,408 6,683 7,535 6,517 (14)%(2)%
Equipment4,527 4,729 4,653 4,450 4,599 (4)%(2)%
Legal and professional6,083 6,861 5,639 4,429 4,672 (11)%30 %
Loan and foreclosure costs2,594 1,951 2,748 1,793 1,979 33 %31 %
FDIC assessment10,436 9,139 8,223 7,131 13,946 14 %(25)%
Other intangible amortization2,203 2,203 2,203 2,203 2,203 — %— %
Loss on prepayments of FHLB advances— 14,243 — — — (100)%N/M
Other11,974 10,496 8,659 6,450 4,513 14 %165 %
Total noninterest expense$210,619 $224,282 $200,597 $195,861 $197,657 (6)%%
Average FTEs(a)
4,006 3,982 4,041 4,025 4,070 %(2)%

(a) Average FTEs without overtime.
Notable Contributions to the Change in Noninterest Expense
Personnel expense increased $5 million from the first three months of 2024, primarily driven by annual merit increases.
FDIC expense decreased $4 million from the first three months of 2024 as the first three months of 2024 included an $8 million nonrecurring expense related to the FDIC special assessment.
Income Taxes
The Corporation records income tax expense during interim periods based on the best estimate of the full year's effective tax rate as adjusted for discrete items, if any, taken into account in the relevant interim period. Each quarter, the Corporation updates its estimate of the annual effective tax rate and the effect of any change in the estimated rate is recorded on a cumulative basis. The Corporation recognized income tax expense of $19 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to income tax expense of $20 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The Corporation's effective tax rate from continuing operations was 16.03% and 19.78% for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively. The decrease in income tax expense of $1 million and lower effective tax rate during the first three months of 2025 as compared to the same period of 2024 were primarily due to a partial release of a valuation allowance on deferred taxes offset by higher net income in the current period.
Income tax expense recorded on the consolidated statements of income involves the interpretation and application of certain accounting pronouncements and federal and state tax laws and regulations. The Corporation is subject to examination by various taxing authorities. Examination by taxing authorities may impact the amount of tax expense and/or the reserve for uncertainty in income taxes if their interpretations differ from those of management, based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examinations.
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Balance Sheet Analysis
At March 31, 2025, total assets were $43.3 billion, up $286 million, or 1%, from December 31, 2024, and up $2.2 billion, or 5%, from March 31, 2024.
Interest bearing deposits in other financial institutions were $711 million at March 31, 2025, up $257 million, or 57%, from December 31, 2024, and up $291 million, or 69%, from March 31, 2024.
AFS investment securities, at fair value were $4.8 billion at March 31, 2025, up $215 million, or 5%, from December 31, 2024, and up $1.1 billion, or 29%, from March 31, 2024. HTM investment securities, net, at amortized cost were $3.7 billion at March 31, 2025, down $33 million, or 1%, from December 31, 2024, and down $127 million, or 3%, from March 31, 2024. See Note 5 Investment Securities of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional details.
Loans of $30.3 billion at March 31, 2025 were up $526 million, or 2%, from December 31, 2024, and up $800 million, or 3%, from March 31, 2024. These increases were primarily driven by increases in the commercial loan portfolio. The increase from the first quarter of 2024 was partially offset by reductions in the residential mortgage portfolio as a result of the mortgage portfolio sale announced in the fourth quarter of 2024 and the sale closed in January 2025. The closure of this sale was the driver of the $599 million decrease in residential loans held for sale from December 31, 2024 to March 31, 2025. See Note 6 Loans of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional details.
At March 31, 2025, total deposits of $35.2 billion were up $548 million from December 31, 2024, or 2%, and were up $1.5 billion, or 4%, from March 31, 2024. See section Deposits and Customer Funding for additional information on deposits.
Short-term funding was $311 million at March 31, 2025, decreasing $159 million, or 34%, from December 31, 2024 mainly due to lower federal funds purchased and down $454 million, or 59%, from March 31, 2024 primarily due to the payoff of BTFP advances. FHLB advances were $2.0 billion at March 31, 2025, up $173 million, or 9%, from December 31, 2024, and up $694 million, or 52%, from March 31, 2024. Other long-term funding was $591 million at March 31, 2025, down $246 million, or 29%, from December 31, 2024, due to subordinated notes maturing and up $55 million, or 10%, from March 31, 2024 due to the issuance of senior notes in 2024 that exceeded the subordinated notes that matured in the first quarter of 2025. See Note 8 Short and Long-Term Funding of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional details.
Loans
Table 5 Period End Loan Composition
 Mar 31, 2025Dec 31, 2024Sep 30, 2024Jun 30, 2024Mar 31, 2024
 ($ in thousands)Amount% of
Total
Amount% of
Total
Amount% of
Total
Amount% of
Total
Amount% of
Total
Commercial and industrial$10,925,769 36 %$10,573,741 36 %$10,258,899 34 %$9,970,412 34 %$9,858,329 33 %
Commercial real estate — owner occupied1,118,363 %1,143,741 %1,120,849 %1,102,146 %1,095,894 %
Commercial and business lending12,044,132 40 %11,717,483 39 %11,379,748 38 %11,072,558 37 %10,954,223 37 %
Commercial real estate — investor5,597,442 18 %5,227,975 18 %5,070,635 17 %5,001,392 17 %5,035,195 17 %
Real estate construction1,809,054 %1,982,632 %2,114,300 %2,255,637 %2,287,041 %
Commercial real estate lending7,406,496 24 %7,210,607 24 %7,184,934 24 %7,257,029 25 %7,322,237 25 %
Total commercial19,450,628 64 %18,928,090 64 %18,564,683 62 %18,329,587 62 %18,276,460 62 %
Residential mortgage6,999,654 23 %7,047,541 24 %7,803,083 26 %7,840,073 26 %7,868,180 27 %
Auto finance2,878,765 10 %2,810,220 %2,708,946 %2,556,009 %2,471,257 %
Home equity654,140 %664,252 %651,379 %634,142 %619,764 %
Other consumer310,940 %318,483 %262,806 %258,460 %258,603 %
Total consumer10,843,499 36 %10,840,496 36 %11,426,214 38 %11,288,684 38 %11,217,802 38 %
Total loans$30,294,127 100 %$29,768,586 100 %$29,990,897 100 %$29,618,271 100 %$29,494,263 100 %
The Corporation has long-term guidelines relative to the proportion of Commercial and Business, CRE, and Consumer loan commitments within the overall loan portfolio, with each targeted to represent 30% to 40% of the overall loan portfolio. The targeted long-term guidelines were unchanged during 2024 and the first three months of 2025. Furthermore, certain sub-asset classes within the respective portfolios are further defined and dollar limitations are placed on these sub-portfolios. These guidelines and limits are reviewed quarterly and approved annually by the Enterprise Risk Committee of the Corporation’s Board of Directors. These guidelines and limits are designed to create balance and diversification within the loan portfolios.
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The Corporation’s loan distribution and interest rate sensitivity as of March 31, 2025 are summarized in the following table:
Table 6 Loan Distribution and Interest Rate Sensitivity
($ in thousands)
Within 1 Year(a)
1-5 Years5-15 YearsOver 15 YearsTotal% of Total
Commercial and industrial$9,642,063 $918,992 $364,224 $490 $10,925,769 36 %
Commercial real estate — owner occupied719,495 297,522 101,347 — 1,118,363 %
Commercial real estate — investor5,276,919 285,208 35,314 — 5,597,442 18 %
Real estate construction1,770,267 35,278 2,825 684 1,809,054 %
Commercial - adjustable12,140,446 45,953 3,415 — 12,189,814 40 %
Commercial - fixed5,268,299 1,491,047 500,295 1,174 7,260,814 24 %
Residential mortgage - adjustable185,686 820,163 1,255,229 285 2,261,363 %
Residential mortgage - fixed6,061 54,445 355,310 4,322,475 4,738,291 16 %
Auto finance2,458 1,591,365 1,284,942 — 2,878,765 10 %
Home equity610,898 8,071 26,761 8,410 654,140 %
Other consumer256,290 29,257 17,466 7,927 310,940 %
Total loans$18,470,136 $4,040,301 $3,443,418 $4,340,272 $30,294,127 100 %
Fixed-rate$5,283,380 $3,172,954 $2,184,774 $4,339,987 $14,981,094 49 %
Floating or adjustable rate13,186,757 867,347 1,258,644 285 15,313,033 51 %
Total$18,470,136 $4,040,301 $3,443,418 $4,340,272 $30,294,127 100 %
(a) Demand loans, past due loans, overdrafts, and credit cards are reported in the “Within 1 Year” category.
At March 31, 2025, $20.6 billion, or 68%, of the loans outstanding and $17.5 billion, or 90%, of the commercial loans outstanding were floating rate, adjustable rate, re-pricing within one year, or maturing within one year.
Credit Risk
An active credit risk management process is used for commercial loans to ensure that sound and consistent credit decisions are made. Credit risk is controlled by detailed underwriting procedures, comprehensive loan administration, and periodic review of borrowers’ outstanding loans and commitments. Borrower relationships are formally reviewed and graded on an ongoing basis for early identification of potential problems. Further analysis by customer, industry, and geographic location are performed to monitor trends, financial performance, and concentrations. See Note 6 Loans of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information on managing overall credit quality.
The loan portfolio is widely diversified by types of borrowers, industry groups, and market areas primarily within the Corporation's lending footprint. Significant loan concentrations are considered to exist when there are amounts loaned to numerous borrowers engaged in similar activities that would cause them to be similarly impacted by economic or other conditions. At March 31, 2025, no significant concentrations existed in the Corporation’s portfolio in excess of 10% of total loan exposure.
Commercial and business lending: The commercial and business lending classification primarily includes commercial loans to large corporations, middle market companies, small businesses, and ABL and equipment financing.
Table 7 Largest Commercial and Industrial Industry Group Exposures, by NAICS Subsector
Mar 31, 2025NAICS SubsectorOutstanding BalanceTotal Exposure% of Total Loan Exposure
($ in thousands)
Real Estate(a)
531$2,077,026 $3,491,487 %
Utilities(b)
2212,725,966 3,446,062 %
Credit Intermediation and Related Activities(c)
522816,938 1,475,696 %
Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods423608,898 1,058,158 %
(a) Includes REIT lines.
(b) 62% of the total utilities exposure comes from renewable energy sources (wind, solar, hydroelectric, and geothermal).
(c) Includes mortgage warehouse lines.
The remaining commercial and industrial portfolio is spread over a diverse range of industries, none of which exceed 2% of total loan exposure.
The CRE-owner occupied portfolio is spread over a diverse range of industries, none of which exceed 2% of total loan exposure.
The credit risk related to commercial and business lending is largely influenced by general economic conditions and the resulting impact on a borrower’s operations or on the value of underlying collateral, if any.
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Commercial real estate - investor: CRE-investor is comprised of loans secured by various non-owner occupied or investor income producing property types.
Table 8 Largest Commercial Real Estate - Investor Property Type Exposures
Mar 31, 2025% of Total Loan Exposure% of Total Commercial Real Estate - Investor Loan Exposure
Multi-Family%38 %
Industrial%25 %
Office%17 %
The remaining CRE-investor portfolio is spread over various other property types, none of which exceed 2% of total loan exposure.
Credit risk is managed in a similar manner to commercial and business lending by employing sound underwriting guidelines, lending primarily to borrowers in local markets and businesses, periodically evaluating the underlying collateral, and formally reviewing the borrower’s financial soundness and relationship on an ongoing basis.
Real estate construction: Real estate construction loans are primarily short-term or interim loans that provide financing for the acquisition or development of commercial income properties, multi-family projects, or residential development, both single family and condominium. Real estate construction loans are made to developers and project managers who are generally well known to the Corporation and have prior successful project experience. The credit risk associated with real estate construction loans is generally confined to specific geographic areas but is also influenced by general economic conditions. The Corporation controls the credit risk on these types of loans by making loans in familiar markets to developers, reviewing the merits of individual projects, controlling loan structure, and monitoring project progress and construction advances.
Table 9 Largest Real Estate Construction Property Type Exposures
Mar 31, 2025% of Total Loan Exposure% of Total Real Estate Construction Loan Exposure
Multi-Family%56 %
The remaining real estate construction portfolio is spread over various other property types, none of which exceed 2% of total loan exposure.
The Corporation’s current lending standards for CRE and real estate construction lending are determined by property type and specifically address many criteria, including: maximum loan amounts, maximum LTV, requirements for pre-leasing and/or presales, minimum borrower equity, and maximum loan-to-cost. Currently, the maximum standard for LTV is 80%, with lower limits established for certain higher risk types, such as raw land that has a 50% LTV maximum. The Corporation’s LTV guidelines are in compliance with regulatory supervisory limits. In most cases, for real estate construction loans, the loan amounts include interest reserves, which are built into the loans and sized to fund loan payments through construction and lease up and/or sell out.
Residential mortgages: Residential mortgage loans are primarily first-lien home mortgages with a maximum loan-to-collateral value without credit enhancement (e.g. private mortgage insurance) of 80%. The residential mortgage portfolio is focused primarily in the Corporation's three-state branch footprint, with approximately 89% of the outstanding loan balances in the Corporation's branch footprint at March 31, 2025. The rates on adjustable rate mortgages adjust based upon the movement in the underlying index which is then added to a margin and rounded to the nearest 0.125%. That result is then subjected to any periodic caps to produce the borrower's interest rate for the coming term. Adjustable rate mortgages are typically offered with an initial fixed rate term of 5, 7 or 10 years.
The Corporation generally retains certain fixed-rate residential real estate mortgages in its loan portfolio, including retail and private banking jumbo mortgages and CRA-related mortgages. As part of management’s historical practice of originating and servicing residential mortgage loans, generally the Corporation’s 30-year, agency conforming, fixed-rate residential real estate mortgage loans have been sold in the secondary market with servicing rights retained. Subject to management’s analysis of the current interest rate environment, among other market factors, the Corporation may choose to retain mortgage loan production on its balance sheet.
The Corporation’s underwriting and risk-based pricing guidelines for residential mortgage loans include minimum borrower FICO score and maximum LTV of the property securing the loan. Residential mortgage products generally are underwritten using FHLMC and FNMA secondary marketing guidelines.
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Home equity: Home equity consists of both home equity lines of credit and closed-end home equity loans. The Corporation’s credit risk monitoring guidelines for home equity are based on an ongoing review of loan delinquency status, as well as a quarterly review of FICO score deterioration and property devaluation. The Corporation does not routinely obtain appraisals on performing loans to update LTV ratios after origination; however, the Corporation monitors the local housing markets by reviewing the various home price indices and incorporates the impact of the changing market conditions in its ongoing credit monitoring process. For junior lien home equity loans, the Corporation is unable to track the performance of the first lien loan if it does not own or service the first lien loan. However, the Corporation obtains a refreshed FICO score on a quarterly basis and monitors this as part of its assessment of the home equity portfolio.
The Corporation’s underwriting and risk-based pricing guidelines for home equity lines of credit and loans consist of a combination of both borrower FICO score and the original cumulative LTV against the property securing the loan. Currently, the Corporation's policy sets the maximum acceptable LTV at 90%. The Corporation's current home equity line of credit offering is priced based on floating rate indices and generally allows 10 years of interest-only payments followed by a 20-year amortization of the outstanding balance. The loans in the Corporation's portfolio generally have an original term of 20 years with principal and interest payments required.
Indirect Auto: The Corporation currently purchases retail auto sales contracts via a network of approved auto dealerships across 16 states throughout the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, and Midwestern United States. The auto dealerships finance the sale of automobiles as the initial lender and then assign the contracts to the Corporation pursuant to dealer agreements. The Corporation’s underwriting and pricing guidelines are based on a dual risk grade derived from a combination of FICO auto score and proprietary internal custom score. Minimum grade and FICO score standards ensure the credit risk is appropriately managed to the Corporation’s risk appetite. Further, the grade influences loan-specific parameters such as vehicle age, term, LTV, loan amount, mileage, payment and debt service thresholds, and pricing. Maximum loan terms offered are 84 months on select grades with vehicle age, mileage, and other limitations in place to qualify. The program is designed to capture primarily prime and super prime contracts.
Other consumer: Other consumer consists of student loans, short-term personal installment loans, and credit cards. Credit risk for other consumer loans is influenced by general economic conditions, the characteristics of individual borrowers, and the nature of the loan collateral. Risks of loss are generally on smaller average balances per loan spread over many borrowers. Once charged off, there is usually less opportunity for recovery of these smaller consumer loans. Credit risk is primarily controlled by reviewing the creditworthiness of the borrowers, monitoring payment histories, and taking appropriate collateral and guarantee positions.

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Nonperforming Assets
Management is committed to a proactive nonaccrual and problem loan identification philosophy. This philosophy is implemented through the ongoing monitoring and review of all pools of risk in the loan portfolio to ensure that problem loans are identified quickly and the risk of loss is minimized. Table 10 provides detailed information regarding NPAs, which include nonaccrual loans, OREO, and repossessed assets, and also includes information on accruing loans past due and restructured loans:
Table 10 Nonperforming Assets
 ($ in thousands)Mar 31,
2025
Dec 31,
2024
Sep 30,
2024
Jun 30,
2024
Mar 31,
2024
Nonperforming assets
Commercial and industrial$12,898 $19,084 $14,369 $21,190 $72,243 
Commercial real estate — owner occupied1,501 1,501 9,285 1,851 2,090 
Commercial and business lending14,399 20,585 23,654 23,041 74,333 
Commercial real estate — investor31,689 16,705 18,913 48,249 18,697 
Real estate construction125 30 15 16 18 
Commercial real estate lending31,814 16,735 18,928 48,265 18,715 
Total commercial46,213 37,320 42,582 71,306 93,047 
Residential mortgage72,455 70,038 70,138 68,058 69,954 
Auto finance7,692 7,402 7,456 6,986 7,158 
Home equity8,275 8,378 8,231 7,996 8,100 
Other consumer173 122 70 77 87 
Total consumer88,595 85,941 85,894 83,117 85,299 
Total nonaccrual loans134,808 123,260 128,476 154,423 178,346 
Commercial real estate owned19,114 11,914 11,914 914 914 
Residential real estate owned3,119 2,068 1,012 1,467 920 
Bank properties real estate owned(a)
1,242 6,235 5,903 5,944 6,603 
OREO23,475 20,217 18,830 8,325 8,437 
Repossessed assets688 687 793 671 1,241 
Total nonperforming assets$158,971 $144,164 $148,098 $163,418 $188,025 
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more
Commercial$515 $642 $5,359 $384 $426 
Consumer2,521 2,547 1,748 1,970 1,992 
Total accruing loans past due 90 days or more$3,036 $3,189 $7,107 $2,354 $2,417 
Restructured loans (accruing)
Commercial$459 $475 $424 $410 $377 
Consumer3,192 3,057 2,141 2,166 2,080 
Total restructured loans (accruing)$3,651 $3,531 $2,565 $2,576 $2,457 
Nonaccrual restructured loans (included in nonaccrual loans)$3,451 $2,581 $1,840 $717 $1,141 
Ratios
Nonaccrual loans to total loans0.44 %0.41 %0.43 %0.52 %0.60 %
NPAs to total loans plus OREO and repossessed assets0.52 %0.48 %0.49 %0.55 %0.64 %
NPAs to total assets0.37 %0.34 %0.35 %0.39 %0.46 %
Allowance for credit losses on loans to nonaccrual loans301.63 %326.40 %309.43 %252.31 %217.43 %
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Table 10 Nonperforming Assets (continued)
 ($ in thousands)Mar 31,
2025
Dec 31,
2024
Sep 30,
2024
Jun 30,
2024
Mar 31,
2024
Accruing loans 30-89 days past due
Commercial and industrial$7,740 $1,260 $1,212 $2,052 $521 
Commercial real estate — owner occupied1,156 1,634 2,209 — — 
Commercial and business lending8,896 2,893 3,421 2,052 521 
Commercial real estate — investor2,463 36,391 10,746 1,023 19,164 
Real estate construction— 21 88 — 1,260 
Commercial real estate lending2,463 36,412 10,834 1,023 20,424 
Total commercial11,360 39,305 14,255 3,075 20,945 
Residential mortgage 13,568 14,892 13,630 10,374 9,903 
Auto finance12,522 14,850 15,458 15,814 12,521 
Home equity 3,606 4,625 3,146 3,694 2,819 
Other consumer2,381 3,128 2,163 1,995 2,260 
Total consumer32,076 37,496 34,397 31,877 27,503 
Total accruing loans 30-89 days past due$43,435 $76,801 $48,651 $34,952 $48,448 
(a) Primarily closed branches and other bank operated real estate facilities, pending disposition.
Nonaccrual loans: Nonaccrual loans are considered to be one indicator of potential future loan losses. See Note 6 Loans of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional nonaccrual loan disclosures. See also sections Credit Risk and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans.
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more: Loans past due 90 days or more but still accruing interest are classified as such where the underlying loans are both well secured (the collateral value is sufficient to cover principal and accrued interest) and are in the process of collection.
Restructured loans: Loans are considered restructured loans if concessions have been granted to borrowers that are experiencing financial difficulty. See also Note 6 Loans of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional restructured loans disclosures.
OREO: Management actively seeks to ensure OREO properties held are monitored to minimize the Corporation’s risk of loss.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
Credit risks within the loan portfolio are inherently different for each loan type. Credit risk is controlled and monitored through the use of lending standards, a thorough review of potential borrowers, and ongoing review of loan payment performance. Active asset quality administration, including early problem loan identification and timely resolution of problems, aids in the management of credit risk and the minimization of loan losses. Credit risk management for each loan type is discussed in the section entitled Credit Risk. See Note 6 Loans of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional disclosures on the ACLL.
To assess the appropriateness of the ACLL, the Corporation focuses on the evaluation of many factors, including but not limited to: evaluation of facts and issues related to specific loans, management’s ongoing review and grading of the loan portfolio, credit report refreshes, consideration of historical loan loss and delinquency experience on each portfolio category, trends in past due and nonaccrual loans, the risk characteristics of the various classifications of loan segments, changes in the size and character of the loan portfolio, concentrations of loans to specific borrowers or industries, existing economic conditions and economic forecasts, the fair value of underlying collateral, funding assumptions on lines, and other qualitative and quantitative factors which could affect potential credit losses. The forecast the Corporation used for March 31, 2025 was the Moody's baseline scenario from February 2025, which was reviewed against the March 2025 baseline scenario with no material updates made, over a two year reasonable and supportable period with straight-line reversion to historical losses over the second year of the period. Assessing these factors involves significant judgment. Because each of the criteria used is subject to change, the ACLL is not necessarily indicative of the trend of future credit losses on loans in any particular segment. Therefore, management considers the ACLL a critical accounting estimate, see section Critical Accounting Estimates in the Corporation's 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information on the ACLL. See section Nonperforming Assets for a detailed discussion on asset quality. See also Note 6 Loans of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional ACLL disclosures. Table 5 provides information on loan growth and period end loan composition, Table 10 provides additional information regarding NPAs, and Table 11 and Table 12 provide additional information regarding activity in the ACLL.
The loan segmentation used in calculating the ACLL at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was generally comparable. The methodology to calculate the ACLL consists of the following components: a valuation allowance estimate is established for
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commercial and consumer loans determined by the Corporation to be individually evaluated, using discounted cash flows, estimated fair value of underlying collateral, and/or other data available. Loans are segmented for criticized loan pools by loan type as well as for non-criticized loan pools by loan type, primarily based on risk rating rates after considering loan type, historical loss and delinquency experience, credit quality, and industry classifications. Loans that have been criticized are considered to have a higher risk of default than non-criticized loans, as circumstances were present to support the lower loan grade, warranting higher loss factors. Additionally, management allocates ACLL to absorb losses that may not be provided for by the other components due to qualitative factors evaluated by management, such as limitations within the credit risk grading process, known current economic or business conditions that may not yet show in trends, industry or other concentrations with current issues that impose higher inherent risks than are reflected in the loss factors, and other relevant considerations. The total allowance is available to absorb losses from any segment of the loan portfolio.
Table 11 Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
Quarter Ended
($ in thousands)Mar 31,
2025
Dec 31,
2024
Sep 30,
2024
Jun 30,
2024
Mar 31,
2024
Allowance for loan losses
Balance at beginning of period$363,545 $361,765 $355,844 $356,006 $351,094 
Provision for loan losses16,500 14,000 19,000 21,000 27,000 
Charge offs(13,714)(13,770)(15,337)(23,290)(24,018)
Recoveries5,017 1,551 2,258 2,127 1,930 
Net charge offs(8,698)(12,220)(13,078)(21,163)(22,088)
Balance at end of period$371,348 $363,545 $361,765 $355,844 $356,006 
Allowance for unfunded commitments
Balance at beginning of period$38,776 $35,776 $33,776 $31,776 $34,776 
Provision for unfunded commitments(3,500)3,000 2,000 2,000 (3,000)
Balance at end of period$35,276 $38,776 $35,776 $33,776 $31,776 
Allowance for credit losses on loans$406,624 $402,322 $397,541 $389,620 $387,782 
Provision for credit losses on loans13,000 17,000 21,000 23,000 24,000 
Net loan (charge offs) recoveries
Commercial and industrial$(4,726)$(2,406)$(10,649)$(13,676)$(18,638)
Commercial real estate — owner occupied— — — 
Commercial and business lending(4,726)(2,406)(10,649)(13,674)(18,636)
Commercial real estate — investor(892)(6,617)(1)(4,569)— 
Real estate construction30 28 30 
Commercial real estate lending(863)(6,612)(4,541)30 
Total commercial(5,589)(9,018)(10,647)(18,216)(18,606)
Residential mortgage197 (239)(160)(289)(62)
Auto finance(1,519)(1,782)(1,281)(1,480)(2,094)
Home equity289 277 424 238 211 
Other consumer(2,076)(1,457)(1,414)(1,417)(1,537)
Total consumer(3,109)(3,202)(2,431)(2,947)(3,482)
Total net charge offs$(8,698)$(12,220)$(13,078)$(21,163)$(22,088)
Ratios
Allowance for credit losses on loans to total loans1.34 %1.35 %1.33 %1.32 %1.31 %
Allowance for credit losses on loans to net charge offs (annualized)11.5x8.3x7.6x4.6x4.4x
Loan evaluation method for ACLL
Individually evaluated for impairment$6,092 $5,689 $7,498 $16,882 $25,335 
Collectively evaluated for impairment400,532 396,632 390,043 372,738 362,447 
     Total ACLL$406,624 $402,322 $397,541 $389,620 $387,782 
Loan balance
Individually evaluated for impairment$46,065 $37,172 $41,938 $70,763 $92,960 
Collectively evaluated for impairment30,248,062 29,731,414 29,948,958 29,547,508 29,401,303 
     Total loan balance$30,294,127 $29,768,586 $29,990,897 $29,618,271 $29,494,263 

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Table 12 Annualized Net (Charge Offs) Recoveries(a)
Quarter Ended
(In basis points)Mar 31,
2025
Dec 31,
2024
Sep 30,
2024
Jun 30,
2024
Mar 31,
2024
Net loan (charge offs) recoveries
Commercial and industrial(18)(9)(43)(55)(77)
Commercial real estate — owner occupied— — — — — 
Commercial and business lending(16)(8)(39)(50)(69)
Commercial real estate — investor(7)(51)— (37)— 
Real estate construction— — — 
Commercial real estate lending(5)(37)— (25)— 
Total commercial(12)(19)(23)(40)(41)
Residential mortgage(1)(1)(1)— 
Auto finance(22)(26)(19)(24)(35)
Home equity18 17 26 15 14 
Other consumer(268)(208)(216)(221)(232)
Total consumer(11)(11)(8)(10)(13)
Total net charge offs(12)(16)(18)(29)(30)
(a) Annualized ratio of net charge offs to average loans by loan type.
Notable Contributions to the Change in the Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
Total nonaccrual loans increased $12 million, or 9%, from December 31, 2024, and decreased $44 million, or 24%, from March 31, 2024. The increase from December 31, 2024 was driven by increases in CRE - investor lending and residential mortgage lending, partially offset by a decrease in commercial and industrial lending. The decrease from March 31, 2024 was driven by a decrease in commercial and industrial lending, partially offset by increases in CRE - investor lending and residential mortgage lending. See Note 6 Loans of the notes to consolidated financial statements and Table 10 for additional disclosures on the changes in asset quality.
YTD net charge offs decreased $13 million from March 31, 2024, primarily driven by a decrease within commercial and industrial lending, partially offset by an increase in CRE - investor lending. See Table 11 and Table 12 for additional information on the activity in the ACLL.
Management believes the level of ACLL to be appropriate at March 31, 2025.
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Deposits and Customer Funding
The following table summarizes the composition of our deposits and customer funding:
Table 13 Period End Deposit and Customer Funding Composition
Mar 31, 2025Dec 31, 2024Sep 30, 2024Jun 30, 2024Mar 31, 2024
 ($ in thousands)Amount% of
Total
Amount% of
Total
Amount% of
Total
Amount% of
Total
Amount% of
Total
Noninterest-bearing demand$6,135,946 17 %$5,775,657 17 %$5,857,421 17 %$5,815,045 18 %$6,254,135 19 %
Savings5,247,291 15 %5,133,295 15 %5,072,508 15 %5,157,103 16 %5,124,639 15 %
Interest-bearing demand9,075,133 26 %9,124,741 26 %8,605,578 26 %8,284,017 25 %8,747,127 26 %
Money market6,820,038 19 %6,637,915 19 %6,095,206 18 %6,294,895 19 %6,721,674 20 %
Brokered CDs4,197,512 12 %4,276,309 12 %4,242,670 13 %4,061,578 12 %3,931,230 12 %
Other time deposits3,720,793 11 %3,700,518 11 %3,680,914 11 %3,078,401 %2,934,352 %
   Total deposits$35,196,713 100 %$34,648,434 100 %$33,554,298 100 %$32,691,039 100 %$33,713,158 100 %
Other customer funding(a)
85,950 100,044 110,988 89,524 90,536 
Total deposits and other customer funding$35,282,663 $34,748,478 $33,665,286 $32,780,564 $33,803,694 
Network transaction deposits(b)
$1,882,930 $1,758,388 $1,566,908 $1,502,919 $1,792,820 
Net deposits and other customer funding(c)
29,202,221 28,713,780 27,855,707 27,216,066 28,079,644 
Time deposits of more than $250,000767,974 757,675 742,734 546,586 543,469 
(a) Includes repurchase agreements.
(b) Included above in interest-bearing demand and money market.
(c) Total deposits and other customer funding, excluding brokered CDs and network transaction deposits.
Total deposits, which are the Corporation's largest source of funds, increased $548 million, or 2% from December 31, 2024, and increased $1.5 billion, or 4%, from March 31, 2024. The increase from December 31, 2024, was driven by increases in all deposit categories besides brokered CDs and interest-bearing demand deposits which partially offset the overall increase, while the increase from March 31, 2024 was driven by increases in all deposit categories except non-interest bearing demand deposits.
Estimated uninsured and uncollateralized deposits, excluding intercompany deposits, were 26.1% of total deposits at March 31, 2025, compared to 23.0% at December 31, 2024 and 22.9% at March 31, 2024. The increase was primarily driven by increases in uninsured balances in business deposit accounts.
Liquidity
The objective of liquidity risk management is to ensure that the Corporation has the ability to generate sufficient cash or cash equivalents in a timely and cost effective manner to satisfy the cash flow requirements of depositors and borrowers and to meet its other commitments as they become due. The Corporation’s liquidity risk management process is designed to identify, measure, and manage the Corporation’s funding and liquidity risk to meet its daily funding needs in the ordinary course of business, as well as to address expected and unexpected changes in its funding requirements. The Corporation engages in various activities to manage its liquidity risk, including diversifying its funding sources, stress testing, and holding readily-marketable assets which can be used as a source of liquidity, if needed.
The Corporation performs dynamic scenario analysis in accordance with industry best practices. Measures have been established to ensure the Corporation has sufficient high quality short-term liquidity to meet cash flow requirements under stressed scenarios. In addition, the Corporation also reviews static measures such as deposit funding as a percentage of total assets and liquid asset levels. Strong capital ratios, credit quality, and core earnings are also essential to maintaining cost effective access to wholesale funding markets. At March 31, 2025, the Corporation was in compliance with its internal liquidity objectives and had sufficient asset-based liquidity to meet its obligations even under a stressed scenario.
The Corporation maintains diverse and readily available liquidity sources, including:
Lines of credit with the Federal Reserve Bank and FHLB, which require eligible loan and investment collateral to be pledged. Based on the amount of collateral pledged, the FHLB established a collateral value from which the Bank may draw advances, and issue letters of credit in favor of public fund depositors, against the collateral. As of March 31, 2025, the Bank had $6.4 billion available for future funding. The Federal Reserve Bank also establishes a collateral value of assets to support borrowings from the discount window. As of March 31, 2025, the Bank had $3.3 billion available for discount window borrowings.
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Dividends and service fees from subsidiaries, as well as the proceeds from issuance of capital, which are also funding sources for the Parent Company.
Acquisition related equity issuances by the Parent Company; the Corporation has filed a shelf registration statement with the SEC under which the Parent Company may, from time to time, offer shares of the Corporation’s common stock in connection with acquisitions of businesses, assets, or securities of other companies.
Other issuances by the Parent Company; the Corporation maintains on file with the SEC a universal shelf registration statement, under which the Parent Company may offer the following securities, either separately or in units: debt securities, preferred stock, depositary shares, common stock, and warrants.
Bank issuances; the Bank may also issue institutional CDs, network transaction deposits, and brokered CDs.
Global Bank Note Program issuances; the Bank has implemented a program pursuant to which it may from time to time offer up to $2.0 billion aggregate principal amount of its unsecured senior and subordinated notes.
The following table presents secured and total available liquidity sources, estimated uninsured and uncollateralized deposits (excluding intercompany deposits), and coverage of estimated uninsured and uncollateralized deposits:
Table 14 Liquidity Sources and Uninsured Deposit Coverage Ratio
($ in thousands)Mar 31, 2025Dec 31, 2024Sep 30, 2024Jun 30, 2024Mar 31, 2024
Federal Reserve Bank balance$705,696 $451,298 $405,776 $482,362 $419,554 
Available FHLB Chicago capacity6,362,599 7,097,420 6,164,539 5,184,341 7,035,768 
Available Federal Reserve Bank discount window capacity3,308,303 2,778,294 2,981,211 2,336,073 1,438,992 
     Funding available within one business day(a)
10,376,598 10,327,012 9,551,527 8,002,776 8,894,314 
Available federal funds lines1,284,000 1,164,000 1,401,000 1,406,000 1,495,000 
Available brokered deposits capacity(b)
414,199 418,198 520,809 679,089 446,513 
Unsecured debt capacity(c)
1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 
     Total available liquidity$13,074,797 $12,909,210 $12,473,336 $11,087,865 $11,835,827 
Uninsured and uncollateralized deposits$9,170,483 $7,954,259 $7,492,684 $7,174,369 $7,710,911 
Coverage ratio of uninsured and uncollateralized deposits with secured funding available within one business day113 %130 %127 %112 %115 %
Coverage ratio of uninsured and uncollateralized deposits with total funding143 %162 %166 %155 %153 %
(a) Estimated based on normal course of operations with indicated institution.
(b) Availability based on internal policy limitations. The Corporation includes outstanding deposits that have received a primary purpose exemption in the brokered deposit classification as they have similar funding characteristics and risk as brokered deposits.
(c) Estimated availability based on the Corporation's current internal funding considerations.
Based on contractual obligations and ongoing operations, the Corporation's sources of liquidity are sufficient to meet present and future liquidity needs. See Table 17 for information about the Corporation's contractual obligations and other commitments. See section Deposits and Customer Funding for information about uninsured deposits and concentrations.
Credit ratings impact the Corporation's ability to issue debt securities and the cost to borrow money. Adverse changes in credit ratings impact not only the ability to raise funds in the capital markets but also the cost of these funds. For additional information regarding risks related to adverse changes in our credit ratings, see Part II, Item 1A, Risk Factors.
For the three months ended March 31, 2025, net cash provided by operating and financing activities was $98 million and $242 million, respectively, while net cash used in investing activities was $127 million, for a net increase in cash and cash equivalents of $213 million since year-end 2024. At March 31, 2025, assets of $43.3 billion increased $286 million, or 1%, from year-end 2024. On the funding side, deposits of $35.2 billion increased $548 million, or 2% from year-end 2024, short-term funding decreased $159 million, or 34%, and other long-term funding decreased $246 million, or 29%.
For the three months ended March 31, 2024, net cash provided by operating and financing activities was $155 million and $49 million, respectively, while net cash used in investing activities was $275 million, for a net decrease in cash and cash equivalents of $72 million since year-end 2023. At March 31, 2024, assets of $41.1 billion increased $121 million, from year-end 2023. On the funding side, deposits of $33.7 billion increased $267 million, or 1%, from year-end 2023, short-term funding increased $439 million, or 134%, and FHLB advances decreased $607 million, or 31%.
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Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Market risk and interest rate risk are managed centrally. Market risk is the potential for loss arising from adverse changes in the fair value of fixed-income securities, equity securities, other earning assets, and derivative financial instruments as a result of changes in interest rates or other factors. Interest rate risk is the potential for reduced net interest income resulting from adverse changes in the level of interest rates. As a financial institution that engages in transactions involving an array of financial products, the Corporation is exposed to both market risk and interest rate risk. In addition to market risk, interest rate risk is measured and managed through a number of methods. The Corporation uses financial modeling simulation techniques that measure the sensitivity of future earnings due to changing rate environments to measure interest rate risk.
Policies established by the Corporation’s ALCO and approved by the Board of Directors are intended to limit these risks. The Board has delegated day-to-day responsibility for managing market and interest rate risk to ALCO. The primary objectives of market risk management are to minimize any adverse effect that changes in market risk factors may have on net interest income and to offset the risk of price changes for certain assets recorded at fair value.
Interest Rate Risk
The primary goal of interest rate risk management is to control exposure to interest rate risk within policy limits approved by the Board of Directors. These limits and guidelines reflect the Corporation's risk appetite for interest rate risk over both short-term and long-term horizons.
The major sources of the Corporation's non-trading interest rate risk are timing differences in the maturity and re-pricing characteristics of assets and liabilities, changes in the shape of the yield curve, and the potential exercise of explicit or embedded options. We measure these risks and their impact by identifying and quantifying exposures through the use of sophisticated simulation and valuation models which are employed by management to understand interest rate sensitive EAR and MVE at risk. The Corporation’s interest rate risk profile is such that, generally, a higher yield curve adds to income while a lower yield curve has a negative impact on earnings. The Corporation's EAR profile is asset sensitive at March 31, 2025.
For further discussion of the Corporation's interest rate risk and corresponding key assumptions, see the Interest Rate Risk section of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The sensitivity analysis included below is measured as a percentage change in EAR due to gradual moves in benchmark interest rates from a baseline scenario over 12 months. We evaluate the sensitivity using: 1) a dynamic forecast incorporating expected growth in the balance sheet, and 2) a static forecast where the current balance sheet is held constant.
While a gradual shift in interest rates was used in this analysis to provide an estimate of exposure under a probable scenario, an instantaneous shift in interest rates would have a more significant impact. No EAR breaches occurred during the first three months of 2025.
Table 15 Estimated % Change in Rate Sensitive Earnings at Risk Over 12 Months
Mar 31, 2025Dec 31, 2024
 Dynamic ForecastStatic ForecastDynamic ForecastStatic Forecast
Gradual Rate Change
100 bp increase in interest rates1.4 %1.4 %1.0 %0.7 %
200 bp increase in interest rates2.6 %2.6 %2.0 %1.3 %
100 bp decrease in interest rates(0.6)%(0.7)%(0.5)%(0.2)%
200 bp decrease in interest rates(1.5)%(1.6)%(1.3)%(0.8)%
At March 31, 2025, the MVE profile indicates a decrease in net balance sheet value due to instantaneous upward changes in rates and an increase in net balance sheet value due to instantaneous downward changes in rates.
Table 16 Market Value of Equity Sensitivity
Mar 31, 2025Dec 31, 2024
Instantaneous Rate Change
100 bp increase in interest rates(8.5)%(9.1)%
200 bp increase in interest rates(17.6)%(18.5)%
100 bp decrease in interest rates7.0 %7.1 %
200 bp decrease in interest rates12.5 %12.6 %
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Since MVE measures the discounted present value of cash flows over the estimated lives of instruments, the change in MVE does not directly correlate to the degree that earnings would be impacted over a shorter time horizon (i.e., the current year). Further, MVE does not take into account factors such as future balance sheet growth, changes in product mix, changes in yield curve relationships, and changes in product spreads that could mitigate the adverse impact of changes in interest rates. The MVE measure in the 200 bp increase in interest rates scenario is outside of the policy limit, which has been reported to the Corporation's Board.
The above EAR and MVE measures do not include all actions that management may undertake to manage this risk in response to anticipated changes in interest rates.
Contractual Obligations, Commitments, Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements, and Contingent Liabilities
The following table summarizes significant contractual obligations and other commitments at March 31, 2025, at those amounts contractually due to the recipient, including any unamortized premiums or discounts, hedge basis adjustments, or other similar carrying value adjustments.
Table 17 Contractual Obligations and Other Commitments
($ in thousands)Note ReferenceOne Year
or Less
One to
Three Years
Three to
Five Years
Over
Five Years
Total
Time deposits$7,835,352 $70,546 $12,401 $$7,918,305 
Short-term funding8311,335 — — — 311,335 
FHLB advances81,819,573 4,915 202,284 525 2,027,297 
Other long-term funding890 183 — 591,110 591,382 
Operating leases165,433 9,754 6,948 12,795 34,931 
Total$9,971,784 $85,398 $221,633 $604,435 $10,883,250 
The Corporation also has obligations under its derivatives, lending-related commitments, and retirement plans as described in Note 9 Derivative and Hedging Activities, Note 11 Commitments, Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements, Legal Proceedings, and Regulatory Matters, and Note 13 Retirement Plans of the notes to consolidated financial statements, respectively. Further discussion of the nature of each obligation is included in the referenced note to the consolidated financial statements.
Capital
Management actively reviews capital strategies for the Corporation and each of its subsidiaries in light of perceived business risks, future growth opportunities, industry standards, and compliance with regulatory requirements. The assessment of overall capital adequacy depends on a variety of factors, including asset quality, liquidity, stability of earnings, changing competitive forces, economic conditions in markets served, and strength of management. At March 31, 2025, the capital ratios of the Corporation and its banking subsidiaries were in excess of regulatory minimum requirements. The Corporation’s capital ratios are summarized in the following table.
Compliance with regulatory minimum capital requirements is a tool used in assessing the Corporation's capital adequacy, but not determinative of how the Corporation would fare under extreme stress. Factors that may affect the adequacy of the Corporation's capital include the inherent limitations of fair value estimates and the assumptions thereof, the inherent limitations of the regulatory risk-weights assigned to various asset types, the inherent limitations of accounting classifications of certain investments and the effect on their measurement, external macroeconomic conditions and their effects on capital and the Corporation's ability to raise capital or refinance capital commitments, and the extent of steps taken by state or federal government authorities in periods of extreme stress.
For additional information regarding the potential for additional regulation and supervision, see Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors in the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
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Table 18 Capital Ratios
Quarter Ended
 ($ in thousands)
Mar 31,
2025
Dec 31,
2024
Sep 30,
2024
Jun 30,
2024
Mar 31,
2024
Risk-based capital(a)
CET1$3,417,432 $3,396,836 $3,238,155 $3,172,298 $3,088,613 
Tier 1 capital3,611,544 3,590,948 3,432,267 3,366,410 3,282,725 
Total capital4,311,239 4,282,597 4,117,632 4,042,812 3,957,879 
Total risk-weighted assets33,800,823 33,950,173 33,326,479 32,767,830 32,753,344 
Modified CECL transitional amount— 22,425 22,425 22,425 22,425 
CET1 capital ratio10.11 %10.01 %9.72 %9.68 %9.43 %
Tier 1 capital ratio10.68 %10.58 %10.30 %10.27 %10.02 %
Total capital ratio12.75 %12.61 %12.36 %12.34 %12.08 %
Tier 1 leverage ratio8.69 %8.73 %8.49 %8.37 %8.24 %
Selected equity and performance ratios
Total stockholders’ equity / total assets10.82 %10.70 %10.46 %10.19 %10.13 %
Dividend payout ratio(b)
38.33 %N/M39.29 %29.33 %42.31 %
Return on average assets0.97 %(1.53)%0.85 %1.13 %0.80 %
Annualized noninterest expense / average assets2.00 %2.12 %1.93 %1.92 %1.95 %
N/M = Not Meaningful
(a) The Federal Reserve establishes regulatory capital requirements, including well-capitalized standards for the Corporation. The Corporation follows Basel III, subject to certain transition provisions. These regulatory capital measurements are used by management, regulators, investors, and analysts to assess, monitor, and compare the quality and composition of the Corporation's capital with the capital of other financial services companies.
(b) Ratio is based upon basic earnings per common share.
See Part II, Item 2, Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds, for information on the shares repurchased during the first quarter of 2025.
Non-GAAP Measures
Table 19 Non-GAAP Measures
Quarter Ended
($ in thousands)Mar 31,
2025
Dec 31,
2024
Sep 30,
2024
Jun 30,
2024
Mar 31,
2024
Selected equity and performance ratios(a)
Tangible common equity / tangible assets(b)
7.96 %7.82 %7.50 %7.18 %7.08 %
Return on average equity8.91 %(14.20)%8.09 %11.16 %7.81 %
Return on average tangible common equity(c)
12.34 %(20.27)%11.52 %16.25 %11.31 %
Return on average CET1(c)
11.82 %(19.28)%10.53 %14.54 %10.27 %
Return on average tangible assets(c)
1.01 %(1.55)%0.89 %1.18 %0.84 %
Average stockholders' equity / average assets10.86 %10.76 %10.46 %10.14 %10.26 %
Tangible common equity reconciliation(b)
Common equity$4,492,446 $4,411,450 $4,219,125 $4,048,225 $3,974,561 
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net(1,134,450)(1,136,653)(1,138,855)(1,141,058)(1,143,261)
Tangible common equity$3,357,996 $3,274,797 $3,080,269 $2,907,167 $2,831,300 
Tangible assets reconciliation(b)
Total assets$43,309,136 $43,023,068 $42,210,815 $41,623,908 $41,137,084 
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net(1,134,450)(1,136,653)(1,138,855)(1,141,058)(1,143,261)
Tangible assets$42,174,686 $41,886,415 $41,071,960 $40,482,850 $39,993,824 
Average tangible common equity and average CET1 reconciliation(b)
Average common equity$4,436,467 $4,334,230 $4,136,615 $3,972,092 $3,987,269 
Average goodwill and other intangible assets, net(1,135,584)(1,137,826)(1,140,060)(1,142,368)(1,144,588)
Average tangible common equity3,300,883 3,196,404 2,996,555 2,829,725 2,842,681 
Modified CECL transitional amount— 22,425 22,425 22,425 22,425 
Average accumulated other comprehensive loss(d)
64,680 151,862 172,711 241,634 188,067 
Average deferred tax assets, net24,886 23,462 23,564 24,506 12,303 
Average CET1$3,390,449 $3,394,154 $3,215,255 $3,118,290 $3,065,475 
Average tangible assets reconciliation(b)
Average total assets$42,630,627 $42,071,562 $41,389,711 $41,100,606 $40,769,206 
Average goodwill and other intangible assets, net(1,135,584)(1,137,826)(1,140,060)(1,142,368)(1,144,588)
Average tangible assets$41,495,043 $40,933,736 $40,249,651 $39,958,238 $39,624,617 
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Quarter Ended
($ in thousands)Mar 31,
2025
Dec 31,
2024
Sep 30,
2024
Jun 30,
2024
Mar 31,
2024
Adjusted net income (loss) reconciliation(c)
Net income (loss)$101,687 $(161,615)$88,018 $115,573 $81,169 
Other intangible amortization, net of tax1,652 1,652 1,652 1,652 1,652 
Adjusted net income (loss)$103,339 $(159,963)$89,670 $117,225 $82,821 
Adjusted net income (loss) available to common equity reconciliation(c)
Net income (loss) available to common equity$98,812 $(164,490)$85,143 $112,698 $78,294 
Other intangible amortization, net of tax1,652 1,652 1,652 1,652 1,652 
Adjusted net income (loss) available to common equity$100,464 $(162,838)$86,795 $114,350 $79,946 
Pre-tax pre-provision income (loss)(e)
Income (loss) before income taxes$121,095 $(177,752)$108,142 $102,884 $101,185 
Provision for credit losses13,003 16,986 20,991 23,008 24,001 
Pre-tax pre-provision income (loss)$134,098 $(160,766)$129,133 $125,892 $125,186 
Period end core customer deposits reconciliation
Total deposits$35,196,713 $34,648,434 $33,554,298 $32,691,039 $33,713,158 
Network transaction deposits(1,882,930)(1,758,388)(1,566,908)(1,502,919)(1,792,820)
Brokered CDs(4,197,512)(4,276,309)(4,242,670)(4,061,578)(3,931,230)
Core customer deposits$29,116,271 $28,613,737 $27,744,719 $27,126,542 $27,989,108 
Average core customer deposits reconciliation
Average total deposits$34,833,464 $34,337,468 $33,320,825 $32,629,404 $33,267,057 
Average network transaction deposits(1,847,972)(1,690,745)(1,644,305)(1,595,312)(1,651,937)
Average brokered CDs(4,315,311)(4,514,841)(4,247,941)(3,927,727)(4,268,881)
Average core customer deposits$28,670,181 $28,131,882 $27,428,578 $27,106,365 $27,346,239 
Total expense for efficiency ratios reconciliation
Noninterest expense$210,619 $224,282 $200,597 $195,861 $197,657 
Less: Other intangible amortization2,203 2,203 2,203 2,203 2,203 
Total expense for fully tax-equivalent efficiency ratio208,416 222,080 198,394 193,658 195,454 
Less: FDIC special assessment— — — — 7,696 
Less: Announced initiatives(b)
— 14,243 — — — 
Total expense for adjusted efficiency ratio$208,416 $207,836 $198,394 $193,658 $187,758 
Total revenue for efficiency ratios reconciliation
Net interest income$285,941 $270,289 $262,509 $256,593 $257,858 
Noninterest income58,776 (206,772)67,221 65,159 64,985 
Less: Investment securities gains (losses), net(148,194)100 67 3,879 
Fully tax-equivalent adjustment4,254 3,680 3,723 3,747 3,770 
Total revenue for fully tax-equivalent efficiency ratio348,968 215,390 333,353 325,432 322,733 
Less: Announced initiatives(b)
(6,976)(130,406)— — — 
Total revenue for adjusted efficiency ratio$355,943 $345,795 $333,353 $325,432 $322,733 
Efficiency ratios (expense / revenue)
Fully tax-equivalent efficiency ratio59.72 %103.11 %59.51 %59.51 %60.56 %
Adjusted efficiency ratio58.55 %60.10 %59.51 %59.51 %58.18 %
(a) These capital measurements are used by management, regulators, investors, and analysts to assess, monitor, and compare the quality and composition of our capital with the capital of other financial services companies.
(b) The ratio tangible common equity to tangible assets excludes goodwill and other intangible assets, net. This financial measure has been included as it is considered to be a critical metric with which to analyze and evaluate financial condition and strength.
(c) Adjusted net income and adjusted net income available to common equity, which are used in the calculation of return on average tangible assets and return on average tangible common equity, respectively, add back other intangible amortization, net of tax.
(d) The Corporation is not classified as an advanced approaches holding company as defined by the Federal Reserve. As such, the Corporation has elected to be subject to the AOCI-related adjustments when calculating common equity tier 1 capital which allows the Corporation to opt-out of the requirement to include most components of AOCI in common equity tier 1 capital. This adjustment reflects that election.
(e) Management believes this measure is meaningful because it reflects adjustments commonly made by management, investors, regulators, and analysts to evaluate the adequacy of earnings per common share, provide greater understanding of ongoing operations, and enhance comparability of results with prior periods.
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Sequential Quarter Results
The Corporation reported net income of $102 million for the first quarter of 2025, compared to a net loss of $162 million for the fourth quarter of 2024, with the net loss attributable to impacts of balance sheet restructuring announced in the fourth quarter of 2024. Net income available to common equity was $99 million for the first quarter of 2025, or $0.60 for basic earnings per common share and $0.59 for diluted earnings per common share. Comparatively, the net loss available to common equity for the fourth quarter of 2024 was $164 million, or $1.04 for basic loss per common share and $1.03 for diluted loss per common share (see Table 1).
Fully tax-equivalent net interest income for the first quarter of 2025 was $290 million, $16 million, or 6%, higher than the fourth quarter of 2024. The net interest margin in the first quarter of 2025 was up 16 bp to 2.97%. Average earning assets increased $404 million, or 1%, to $39.3 billion in the first quarter of 2025. Average loans decreased $91 million, primarily driven by a decrease in residential mortgage lending as a result of the completion of the Corporation's mortgage loan sale as part of the balance sheet repositioning announced in the fourth quarter of 2024. On the funding side, average total interest-bearing deposits increased $594 million, or 2%, driven primarily by and increase in interest-bearing demand deposits. In the first quarter of 2025, average FHLB advances increased $140 million, or 10%, given funding needs and average other long-term funding decreased $213 million, or 25%, due to subordinated notes maturing in the first quarter of 2025 (see Table 2).
The provision for credit losses was $13 million for the first quarter of 2025 and $17 million for the fourth quarter of 2024 (see Table 11). See discussion under sections: Provision for Credit Losses, Nonperforming Assets, and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans.
Noninterest income for the first quarter of 2025 was $59 million, compared to a loss of $207 million in the fourth quarter of 2024, as a result of the impacts of the balance sheet restructuring announced in the fourth quarter of 2024 (see Table 3).
Noninterest expense for the first quarter of 2025 was $211 million, down $14 million, or 6%, from the fourth quarter of 2024, driven primarily by the recognition of a loss on prepayment of FHLB advances as part of the balance sheet restructuring announced in the fourth quarter of 2024 (see Table 4).
For the first quarter of 2025, the Corporation recognized income tax expense of $19 million, compared to an income tax benefit of $16 million for the fourth quarter of 2024 given the net income recognized in the first quarter as compared to the net loss recognized in the fourth quarter. See section Income Taxes for a more detailed discussion.
Segment Review
The reportable segments are Corporate and Commercial Specialty; Community, Consumer and Business; and Risk Management and Shared Services. The financial information of the Corporation’s segments was compiled utilizing the accounting policies described in the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K and Note 14 Segment Reporting of the notes to consolidated financial statements.
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Table 20 Selected Segment Financial Data
Three Months Ended Mar 31,
($ in thousands)20252024% Change
Corporate and Commercial Specialty
Total revenue$146,847 $144,033 2%
Provision for credit losses19,014 14,998 27%
Noninterest expense45,152 42,778 6%
Income tax expense15,696 17,808 (12)%
Net income66,985 68,449 (2)%
Average earning assets17,002,754 16,025,524 6%
Average loans16,997,009 16,020,376 6%
Average deposits7,244,897 7,277,094 —%
Community, Consumer, and Business
Total revenue$247,252 $252,430 (2)%
Provision for credit losses6,072 7,256 (16)%
Noninterest expense136,817 134,062 2%
Income tax expense21,916 23,335 (6)%
Net income82,447 87,777 (6)%
Average earning assets12,650,533 12,787,358 (1)%
Average loans12,647,122 12,787,358 (1)%
Average deposits21,294,167 20,128,601 6%
Risk Management and Shared Services
Total revenue$(49,382)$(73,620)(33)%
Provision for credit losses(12,083)1,747 N/M
Noninterest expense28,651 20,817 38%
Income tax benefit(18,203)(21,127)(14)%
Net loss(47,747)(75,058)(36)%
Average earning assets9,629,650 8,783,297 10%
Average loans466,851 561,288 (17)%
Average deposits6,294,400 5,861,362 7%
N//M = Not meaningful

Notable Changes in Segment Financial Data
Corporate and Commercial Specialty
Average earning assets and average loans both increased $977 million from the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily driven by growth in commercial and business lending.
Community, Consumer, and Business
Net income decreased $5 million from the three months ended March 31, 2024, driven by a $7 million decrease in net interest income due to lower FTP allocations and a $2 million increase in noninterest expense primarily due to increased technology expenses. These were offset by a $2 million increase in noninterest income primarily due to increased mortgage banking revenues and a $1 million reduction in income tax expense due to lower pre-tax income.
Average deposits increased $1.2 billion from the three months ended March 31, 2024, driven by increases in all interest-bearing deposit categories, partially offset by decreases in noninterest bearing demand deposits.
Risk Management and Shared Services
Total revenue increased $24 million from the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily driven by more favorable FTP allocations.
Noninterest expense increased $8 million from the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily due to a $4 million increase in personnel expense, a $2 million increase in occupancy expense, and a $6 million increase in other noninterest expense primarily due to a $4 million OREO write down. These increases were offset by a $4 million decrease in FDIC expense due to a nonrecurring FDIC special assessment expense incurred in the first quarter of 2024 and lower allocated expenses.
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Net loss decreased $27 million from the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily due to the changes noted above and a $3 million income tax benefit primarily due to the release of a valuation reserve on deferred taxes.
Average earning assets increased $846 million from the three months ended March 31, 2024, driven by higher balances of AFS investment securities in the portfolio and higher deposits in other financial institutions offset by a decrease in average loans.
Average loans decreased $94 million from the three months ended March 31, 2024, driven by lower balances in all loan categories.
Average deposits increased $433 million from the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily driven by increases in all deposit types except for time deposits.
Critical Accounting Estimates
In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet and revenues and expenses for the period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. The determination of the ACLL is particularly susceptible to significant change. A discussion of these estimates can be found in the Critical Accounting Estimates section in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. There have been no changes in the Corporation's application of critical accounting estimates since December 31, 2024.
Recent Developments
On April 29, 2025, the Corporation’s Board of Directors declared a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.23 per common share, payable on June 16, 2025, to shareholders of record at the close of business on June 2, 2025.
The Board of Directors also declared a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.3671875 per depositary share on Associated's 5.875% Series E Perpetual Preferred Stock, payable on June 16, 2025, to shareholders of record at the close of business on June 2, 2025.
The Board of Directors also declared a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.3515625 per depositary share on Associated's 5.625% Series F Perpetual Preferred Stock, payable on June 16, 2025, to shareholders of record at the close of business on June 2, 2025.
ITEM 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Information required by this item is set forth in Item 2 under the captions Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk and Interest Rate Risk.
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ITEM 4.    Controls and Procedures
The Corporation maintains disclosure controls and procedures as required under Rule 13a-15 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Corporation's Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Corporation’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
As of March 31, 2025, the Corporation’s management carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures. Based on the foregoing, its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2025.
No changes were made to the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act of 1934) during the last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1.Legal Proceedings
The information required by this item is set forth in Part I, Item 1 under Note 11 Commitments, Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements, Legal Proceedings, and Regulatory Matters of the notes to consolidated financial statements.
ITEM 1A.Risk Factors
There have been no material changes in the Risk Factors described in the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEM 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
During the first quarter of 2025, the Corporation repurchased $28 million of common stock, including $22 million of open market repurchases and $6 million of repurchases related to tax withholding on equity compensation. The repurchase details are presented in the table below:
Common Stock Purchases
Total Number  of
Shares Purchased(a)
Average Price
Paid per Share
Total Number of
Shares Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs
Maximum Number of
Shares that May Yet
Be Purchased Under
the Plans
or Programs(b)
Period
January 1, 2025 - January 31, 2025— $— — 
February 1, 2025 - February 28, 20251,042,756 24.83 900,000 
March 1, 2025 - March 31, 2025100,121 22.19 — 
Total1,142,877 $24.59 900,000 1,733,889 
(a) During the first quarter of 2025, the Corporation repurchased 242,877 shares for minimum tax withholding settlements on equity compensation. These purchases do not count against the maximum value of shares remaining available for purchase under the Board of Directors' 2021 authorization.
(b) At March 31, 2025, there remained $39 million authorized to be repurchased under the Board of Directors' 2021 $100 million authorization. The maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under this authorization is based on the closing share price on March 31, 2025.
Repurchases under Board authorized repurchase programs are subject to any necessary regulatory approvals and other limitations and may occur from time to time in open market purchases, block transactions, private transactions, accelerated share repurchases, or similar facilities.
ITEM 5.Other Information
During the three months ended March 31, 2025, no director or "officer" of the Corporation adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

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ITEM 6.Exhibits
(a)    Exhibits:
Exhibit (101), Interactive data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T: (i) Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity, (v) Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Exhibit (104), The cover page from the Corporation's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 has been formatted in Inline XBRL (Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language) and contained in Exhibits in 101.

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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
ASSOCIATED BANC-CORP
(Registrant)
Date: April 29, 2025/s/ Andrew J. Harmening
Andrew J. Harmening
President and Chief Executive Officer
Date: April 29, 2025/s/ Derek S. Meyer
  Derek S. Meyer
Chief Financial Officer
Date: April 29, 2025/s/ Ryan J. Beld
Ryan J. Beld
Chief Accounting Officer

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