XBP Europe Holdings, Inc.

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the period ended March 31, 2025

☐

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-40206

XBP Europe Holdings, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)


Delaware		85-2002883
(State of or other Jurisdiction Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2701 East Grauwyler Road Irving, Texas		75061
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (844) 935-2832

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol	Name of Each Exchange On Which Registered
Common Stock, Par Value $0.0001 per share	XBP	The Nasdaq Capital Market
Redeemable warrants, each whole warrant exercisable for one share of common stock at an exercise price of $11.50	XBPEW	The Nasdaq Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐	Non-accelerated filer ☒	Smaller reporting company ☒
			Emerging growth company ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No

As of May 15, 2025, the Registrant had 35,915,548 shares of common stock outstanding.

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS


Item 1. Financial Statements

Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2025 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2024	3

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (Unaudited)	4

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (Unaudited)	5

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (Unaudited)	6

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (Unaudited)	7

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	8

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	31

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	44

Item 4. Controls and Procedures	44

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION	45

Item 1. Legal Proceedings	45

Item 1A. Risk Factors	45

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	46

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	46

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	46

Item 5. Other Information	46

Item 6. Exhibits	47

Signatures	48

Table of Contents

XBP Europe Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024

(in thousands of United States dollars except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)


	March 31,		December 31,
	2025		2024
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	9,681	$	12,099
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $929 and $1,198, respectively		26,928		19,810
Inventories, net		3,650		3,823
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		5,756		4,228
Current assets held for sale		1,526		1,378
Total current assets		47,541		41,338
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $42,655 and $40,325, respectively		12,223		11,272
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net		4,861		4,805
Goodwill		22,656		21,666
Intangible assets, net		1,173		1,121
Deferred income tax assets		7,101		7,026
Long term notes receivable		2,280		—
Other noncurrent assets		1,142		817
Total assets	$	98,977	$	88,045

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
LIABILITIES
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	13,507	$	12,553
Related party payables		4,544		5,443
Accrued liabilities		25,015		17,993
Accrued compensation and benefits		17,951		16,482
Customer deposits		328		277
Deferred revenue		7,419		6,870
Current portion of finance lease liabilities		4		12
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		1,826		1,734
Current portion of long-term debts		5,443		4,958
Current liabilities held for sale		1,761		2,443
Total current liabilities		77,798		68,765
Related party notes payable		1,512		1,451
Long-term debt, net of current maturities		24,289		23,966
Pension liabilities		10,862		10,339
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion		3,227		3,271
Other long-term liabilities		1,677		1,599
Total liabilities	$	119,365	$	109,391
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 13)

STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Preferred stock, par value of $0.0001 per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively		—		—
Common Stock, par value of $0.0001 per share; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 35,711,498 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2025 and 30,166,102 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024, respectively		36		30
Additional paid in capital		7,494		1,611
Accumulated deficit		(28,055)		(23,705)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(102)		474
Unrealized pension actuarial gains, net of tax		239		244
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss		137		718
Total stockholders’ deficit		(20,388)		(21,346)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit	$	98,977	$	88,045

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

Table of Contents

XBP Europe Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024

(in thousands of United States dollars except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)


	Three months ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Revenue, net	$	37,531	$	38,047
Related party revenue, net		142		66
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		26,309		28,062
Related party cost of revenue		9		18
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		10,953		6,968
Related party expense		1,562		926
Depreciation and amortization		627		808
Operating profit (loss)	$	(1,787)		1,331
Other expense (income), net
Interest expense, net		1,721		1,417
Related party interest expense, net		23		19
Foreign exchange losses, net		(71)		753
Changes in fair value of warrant liability		2		(37)
Pension income, net		(369)		(423)
Net loss before income taxes	$	(3,093)		(398)
Income tax expense		762		460
Net loss from continuing operations	$	(3,855)		(858)
Net loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes		(495)		(1,350)
Net loss	$	(4,350)	$	(2,208)
Loss per share:
Basic and diluted - continuing operations	$	(0.12)	$	(0.03)
Basic and diluted - discontinued operations		(0.02)		(0.04)
Basic and diluted	$	(0.14)	$	(0.07)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

XBP Europe Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024

(in thousands of United States dollars)

(Unaudited)


	Three months ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Net loss	$	(4,350)	$	(2,208)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(576)		278
Unrealized pension actuarial (loss) gain, net of tax		(5)		290
Total other comprehensive loss, net of tax	$	(4,931)	$	(1,640)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

XBP Europe Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit

For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024

(in thousands of United States dollars except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)


						Accumulated Other
						Comprehensive Loss
								Unrealized
						Foreign		Pension
						Currency		Actuarial
	Common Stock			Additional		Translation		Gains (Losses),		Accumulated		Total
	Shares	Amount		Paid in Capital		Adjustment		net of tax		Deficit		Deficit
Balances at December 31, 2023	30,166,102	$	30	$	—	$	(1,416)	$	157	$	(11,339)	$	(12,568)
Net loss January 1, 2024 to March 31, 2024	—		—		—		—		—		(2,208)		(2,208)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		—		278		—		—		278
Net unrealized pension actuarial gains, net of tax	—		—		—		—		290		—		290
Balances at March 31, 2024	30,166,102	$	30	$	—	$	(1,138)	$	447	$	(13,547)	$	(14,208)


						Accumulated Other
						Comprehensive Loss
								Unrealized
						Foreign		Pension
						Currency		Actuarial
	Common Stock			Additional		Translation		Gains (Losses),		Accumulated		Total
	Shares	Amount		Paid in Capital		Adjustment		net of tax		Deficit		Deficit
Balances at December 31, 2024	30,166,102	$	30	$	1,611	$	474	$	244	$	(23,705)	$	(21,346)
Net loss January 1, 2025 to March 31, 2025	—		—		—		—		—		(4,350)		(4,350)
Stock-based compensation	3,865,396		4		3,583		—		—		—		3,587
Acquisition of membership interest	1,680,000		2		2,300		—		—		—		2,302
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		—		(576)		—		—		(576)
Net unrealized pension actuarial losses, net of tax	—		—		—		—		(5)		—		(5)
Balances at March 31, 2025	35,711,498	$	36	$	7,494	$	(102)	$	239	$	(28,055)	$	(20,388)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

XBP Europe Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024

(in thousands of United States dollars)

(Unaudited)


	Three months ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(4,350)	$	(2,208)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation		542		776
Amortization of intangible assets		117		181
Debt issuance cost amortization		105		—
Credit loss expense		(274)		217
Changes in fair value of warrant liability		2		(37)
Stock-based compensation expense		3,587		—
Unrealized foreign currency losses (gains)		(546)		759
Change in deferred income taxes		156		44

Change in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable		(5,816)		(1,160)
Inventories		285		(102)
Prepaid expense and other assets		(1,547)		(1,342)
Accounts payable		377		1,463
Related party payables		(267)		(1,711)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		6,151		(791)
Deferred revenue		288		492
Customer deposits		261		(191)
Net cash used in operating activities		(929)		(3,610)

Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of property, plant and equipment		(968)		(385)
Additions to internally developed software		(123)		—
Net cash used in investing activities		(1,091)		(385)

Cash flows from financing activities
Borrowings under secured borrowing facility		—		37
Principal payments on 2024 Term Loan A Facility		(189)		—
Principal payments on 2024 Term Loan B Facility		(552)		—
Principal payments on long-term obligations		—		(235)
Proceeds from secured credit facility		1,655		976
Principal payments on secured credit facility		(1,356)
Principal payments on finance leases		(8)		(100)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(450)		678
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents		90		(87)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		(2,380)		(3,404)

Cash and equivalents, beginning of period, including cash from discontinued operations		12,106		6,905
Cash and equivalents, end of period, including cash from discontinued operations	$	9,726	$	3,501

Supplemental cash flow data:
Income tax payments, net of refunds received		271		(16)
Interest paid		928		534

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

XBP Europe Holdings, Inc.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(in thousands of United States dollars except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

1.General

XBP Europe Holdings, Inc. (the “Company” or “XBP Europe”) is a pan-European integrator of bills, payments and related solutions and services seeking to enable digital transformation of businesses. The Company’s name — “XBP” — stands for “exchange for bills and payments” and reflects the Company’s strategy to facilitate connections between buyers and suppliers to optimize clients’ bills and payments and related digitization processes. XBP believes its business ultimately advances digital transformation, improves market-wide liquidity, and encourages sustainable business practices.

The Company provides business process management solutions with proprietary software suites and deep domain expertise, serving as a technology and operations partner for its clients’ strategic journeys and streamlining their complex, disconnected payment processes. The Company serves over 2,000 clients across Europe, the Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”). The Company’s client relationships span multiple industries, including banking, healthcare, insurance, and the public sector. The Company is able to deploy its solutions to clients in any EMEA market due to its cloud-based structure. Its physical footprint spans 15 countries and approximately 30 locations.

These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the below notes and the notes to the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024 included in the XBP Europe annual report on Form 10-K for such period (the “2024 Form 10-K”), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 19, 2025 and available at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared using accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), as they apply to interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. These accounting principles require the Company to use estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from the Company’s estimates.

The condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited, but include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim period. The interim financial results are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or the fiscal year.

Merger/Business Combination with CF Acquisition Corp. VIII

The Company was a special purpose acquisition company called CF Acquisition Corp. VIII (“CF VIII”) prior to the closing of a business combination (the “Business Combination”) on November 29, 2023. Pursuant to that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated October 9, 2022 (the “Merger Agreement”) whereby XBP Europe, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and an indirect subsidiary of Exela Technologies, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“ETI”), became a wholly owned subsidiary of CFV III. In connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, the Company changed its name from CF VIII to “XBP Europe Holdings, Inc.” The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse capitalization in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification Topic 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”). Under this method of accounting, CF VIII was treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes with XBP Europe surviving as a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of CF VIII.

Table of Contents

Divesture

During the third quarter of fiscal year 2024, the Company determined that its certain on-demand printing operations met the criteria to be classified as a discontinued operation, and, as a result, disposable group’s historical financial results are reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements as discontinued operations, and assets and liabilities were retrospectively reclassified as assets and liabilities held for sale. See Note 3 - Discontinued Operations of the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

2.Reverse Recapitalization

As discussed in Note 1, on November 29, 2023, the Company consummated a business combination pursuant to the Merger Agreement. The Business Combination was accounted for as a Reverse Recapitalization, rather than a business combination, for financial accounting and reporting purposes. Accordingly, XBP Europe was deemed the accounting acquirer (and legal acquiree) and CF VIII was treated as the accounting acquiree (and legal acquirer). Under this method of accounting, the reverse recapitalization was treated as the equivalent of XBP Europe issuing stock for the net assets of CF VIII, accompanied by a recapitalization. XBP Europe has been determined to be the accounting acquirer based on evaluation of the following facts and circumstances:

●

XBP Europe pre-combination stockholder has the majority of the voting power in the post-Business Combination company;

●

XBP Europe’s stockholder has the ability to appoint a majority of the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”);

●

XBP Europe’s management team is the management team of the post-Business Combination company;

●

XBP Europe’s prior operations is comprised of the ongoing operations of the post-Business Combination company;

●

XBP Europe is the larger entity based on historical revenues and business operations; and

●

The post-Business Combination company has assumed XBP Europe’s operating name.

The net assets of CF VIII are stated at historical cost, with no incremental goodwill or other intangible assets recorded for the effects of the Business Combination. The consolidated assets, liabilities, and results of operations prior to the Business Combination are those of XBP Europe. The shares and corresponding capital amounts and earnings per share available for common stockholders, prior to the Business Combination, have been retroactively restated.

Upon closing of the Business Combination, the Company received net proceeds of $5.2 million from the Business Combination.

Transaction costs consist of directors and officers liability insurance cost, legal and professional fees, and other fees relating to the consummation of the Business Combination. The Company incurred $3.3 million in transaction costs relating to the Merger for the year ended December 31, 2023, $0.3 million of which was recorded to additional paid-in capital and the remaining $3.0 million was expensed.

Immediately after giving effect to the Business Combination, there were 30,166,102 shares of common stock outstanding, 6,249,980 Public Warrants outstanding and 385,000 Private Warrants outstanding. See Note 16 – Warrants and Note 17 – Stockholders’ Deficit for more details.

Table of Contents

3.Discontinued Operations

The Company classifies assets as held-for-sale (“disposal group”) in the period when all of the relevant criteria to be classified as held for sale are met. These criteria include management’s commitment to sell the disposal group in its present condition and the sale being deemed probable of being completed within one year. Assets held for sale are reported at the lower of their carrying value or fair value less cost to sell. The fair values of disposal groups are estimated using accepted valuation techniques, including indicative listing prices. The Company considers historical experience, guidance received from third parties, and all information available at the time the estimates are made to derive fair value. Any loss resulting from the measurement is recognized in the period when the held for sale criteria are met. The Company assesses the fair value of a disposal group, less any costs to sell, each reporting period it remains classified as held for sale and reports any subsequent changes as an adjustment to the carrying value of the disposal group, as long as the new carrying value does not exceed the initial carrying value of the disposal group. Assets held-for-sale are not amortized or depreciated.

During the third quarter of 2024, certain on-demand printing operations of the Company met the criteria for classification as held for sale and accordingly, was measured at the lower of their carrying value or its fair value less costs to sell. The Company recorded an impairment charge of $0.1 million relating to the disposal group in impairment of goodwill in the consolidated statement of operations of the disposal group for the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company determined that the held for sale disposal group has met the criteria to be disclosed as discontinued operations as it represents a significant strategic shift that will have a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results.

The results of the disposable group are presented as discontinued operations in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and, as such, have been excluded from both continuing operations and segment results for all periods presented. Impairment loss was recorded during the year ended December 31, 2024, in impairment of goodwill in the consolidated statements of operations of the disposal group. Further, the Company has reclassified the assets and liabilities of the disposable group as assets and liabilities held for sale in the condensed consolidated statements of balance sheets for all periods presented. The condensed consolidated statements of cash flows are presented on a consolidated basis for both continuing operations and discontinued operations. Unless otherwise noted, reference within the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements relates to continuing operations.

The financial results of the disposable group are presented as loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. The following table presents the major components of financial results of the Company’s disposable group for the periods presented:


	Three months ended March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2025		2024
Revenue, net	$	1,659	$	2,237
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		1,729		2,334
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		702		978
Related party expense		36		36
Depreciation and amortization		32		150
Operating loss		(840)		(1,261)
Other expense (income), net
Interest expense, net		14		10
Foreign exchange losses (gains), net		(359)		80
Net loss from discontinued operations before income taxes		(495)		(1,350)
Income tax expense		—		—
Net loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes	$	(495)	$	(1,350)

Table of Contents

As of March 31, 2025, the assets and liabilities of the disposable group are classified as current in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets, as it is probable that the sale will occur within one year. The following table represents the aggregated carrying amounts of classes of assets and liabilities that are classified as discontinued operations on the condensed consolidated balance sheets for the periods presented:


	March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2025
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	45
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $86		145
Inventories, net		478
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		472
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $3,911		387
Total current assets held for sale	$	1,527

LIABILITIES
Current liabilities
Accounts payable (including related party of $314)	$	1,166
Accrued liabilities		62
Accrued compensation and benefits		257
Customer deposits		275
Total current liabilities held for sale	$	1,761


	December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	7
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $90		48
Inventories, net		422
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		465
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $3,690		436
Total current assets held for sale	$	1,378

LIABILITIES
Current liabilities
Accounts payable (including related party of $305)	$	1,170
Accrued liabilities		895
Accrued compensation and benefits		338
Customer deposits		40
Total current liabilities held for sale	$	2,443

Table of Contents

The following table presents significant non-cash items and capital expenditures of discontinued operations for the periods presented:


	Three months ended March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2025		2024
Depreciation	$	32	$	150
Credit loss expense (income)		1		(8)
Unrealized foreign currency losses (gains)		(358)		80
Purchase of property, plant and equipment	$	—	$	94

4.New Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires an annual tabular effective tax rate reconciliation disclosure including information for specified categories and jurisdiction levels, as well as, disclosure of income taxes paid, net of refunds received, disaggregated by federal, state/local, and significant foreign jurisdiction. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-04, Debt-Debt with Conversions and Other Option (Subtopic 470-20): Induced Conversions of Convertible Debt Instruments, which amends ASC470-20 to clarify the requirements related to accounting for the settlement of a debt instrument as an induced conversion. This ASU is intended to improve the relevance and consistency in application of the induced conversion guidance in Subtopic 470-20 for (a ) convertible debt instruments with cash conversion features and (b) debt instruments that are not currently convertible. This ASU is effective for all entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that adopting this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASC 2024-03, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which is intended to provide more detailed information about specified categories of expenses (purchases of inventory,employee compensation, depreciation and amortization) included in certain expense captions presented on the consolidated statement of operations. This new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments may be applied either (1) prospectively to financial statements issued for periods after the effective date of this ASU or (2) retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the consolidated financial statements. The Company is currently assessing the impact this ASU will have on the consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.

5.Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The information presented below supplements the “Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” information presented in the 2024 Form 10-K.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for all equity-classified awards under stock-based compensation plans at their “fair value.” This fair value is measured at the fair value of the awards at the grant date and recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. The fair value of the awards on the grant date is determined using the stock price on the respective grant date in the case of restricted stock units and using an option pricing model in the case of stock options. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. The expense resulting from share-based payments is recorded in selling, general and administrative expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Table of Contents

Revenue Recognition

The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account in ASC 606. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration that is expected to be received in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. The contract transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. All of the Company’s material sources of revenue are derived from contracts with customers, primarily relating to the provision of business and transaction processing services and sales of recurring software licenses and professional services within each of the Company’s segments. The Company does not have any significant extended payment terms, as payment for invoices issued is received shortly after goods are delivered or services are provided.

Nature of Services

The primary performance obligations are to stand ready to provide various forms of business processing services, consisting of a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer over time, and accordingly are combined into a single performance obligation. The Company’s promise to its customers is typically to perform an unknown or unspecified quantity of tasks and the consideration received is contingent upon the customers’ use (i.e., number of transactions processed, requests fulfilled, etc.); as such, the total transaction price is variable. The variable fees are allocated to the single performance obligation charged to the distinct service period in which the Company performs the service.

Revenue from the sale of software licenses is recognized as a single performance obligation at the point in time that the software license is delivered to the customer. Perpetual licenses or noncancelable licenses are granted for a non-refundable fee, which are recognized at a point in time. No significant obligations or contingencies exist with regard to delivery, customer acceptance or rights of return at the time revenue is recognized. Professional services revenue consists of implementation services for new customers, or implementations of new products for existing customers. Professional services are typically sold on a time-and-materials basis and billed monthly based on actual hours incurred.

Revenue from the sale of hardware solutions is recognized on a point in time basis and related maintenance are recognized ratably over the contractual term.

Disaggregation of Revenues

The following tables disaggregate revenue from contracts by geographic region for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:


	Three months ended March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2025		2024
France	$	12,724	$	14,228
Germany		10,623		10,293
United Kingdom		8,706		7,556
Sweden		3,461		3,979
Other		2,017		1,991
Total Revenue, net	$	37,531	$	38,047

Table of Contents

Contract Balances

The following table presents contract assets, contract liabilities and contract costs recognized at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:


	March 31,			December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2025		2024
Accounts receivable, net	$	26,928	$	19,810
Deferred revenues		7,419		6,870
Customer deposits		328		277
Costs to obtain and fulfill a contract	$	—	$	—

Accounts receivable, net includes $8.0 million and $6.5 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, representing amounts not billed to customers. Unbilled receivables are accrued and represent work performed in accordance with the terms of contracts with customers.

Deferred revenues relate to payments received in advance of performance under a contract. A significant portion of this balance relates to maintenance contracts or other service contracts where the Company received payments for upfront conversions or implementation activities which do not transfer a service to the customer but rather are used in fulfilling the related performance obligations that transfer over time. The advance consideration received from customers is deferred over the contract term. The Company recognized revenue $3.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025, that had been deferred as of December 31, 2024. The Company recognized revenue of $1.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024, that had been deferred as of December 31, 2023.

Costs incurred to obtain and fulfill contracts are deferred and presented as part of intangible assets, net and expensed on a straight-line basis over the estimated benefit period. These costs represent incremental external costs or certain specific internal costs that are directly related to the contract acquisition or fulfillment and can be separated into two principal categories: contract commissions and fulfillment costs. Applying the practical expedient in ASC 340-40-25-4, the incremental costs of obtaining contracts are recognized as an expense when incurred if the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. The effect of applying this practical expedient was not material.

Customer deposits consist primarily of amounts received from customers in advance for postage. These advanced postage deposits are used to cover the costs associated with postage, with the corresponding postage revenue being recognized as services are performed.

Performance Obligations

At the inception of each contract, the Company assesses the goods and services promised in the Company’s contracts and identifies each distinct performance obligation. The majority of the Company’s contracts have a single performance obligation, as the promise to transfer the individual goods or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts. For the majority of the Company’s business and transaction processing service contracts, revenues are recognized as services are provided based on an appropriate input or output method, typically based on the related labor or transactional volumes.

Certain of the Company’s contracts have multiple performance obligations, including contracts that combine software implementation services with post-implementation customer support. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using the best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. The primary method used to estimate standalone selling price is the expected cost plus a margin approach, under which the Company estimates the expected costs of satisfying a performance obligation and adds an appropriate margin for that distinct good or service. The adjusted market approach is also used whereby the Company estimates the price that customers in the market would be willing to pay. In assessing whether to allocate variable consideration to a specific part of the contract, the Company considers the nature of the variable payment and whether it relates specifically to its efforts to satisfy a specific part of

Table of Contents

the contract. Certain of the Company’s software implementation performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time, typically when customer acceptance is obtained.

When evaluating the transaction price, the Company analyzes, on a contract-by-contract basis, all applicable variable considerations. The nature of the Company’s contracts gives rise to variable consideration, including volume discounts, contract penalties, and other similar items that generally decrease the transaction price. These amounts are estimated based on the expected amount to be provided to customers and reduce revenues recognized. The Company does not anticipate significant changes to its estimates of variable consideration.

Reimbursements from customers, such as postage costs, are included in revenue, while the related costs are included in cost of revenue.

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations

In accordance with optional exemptions available under ASC 606, the Company did not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (a) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less, and (b) contracts for which variable consideration relates entirely to an unsatisfied performance obligation, which comprise the majority of the Company’s contracts. The Company has certain non-cancellable contracts where a fixed monthly fee is received in exchange for a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer over time, with the corresponding remaining performance obligations as of March 31, 2025 in each of the future periods below:


(dollars in thousands)
Remainder of 2025	$	7,139
2026		215
2027		65
Total	$	7,419

Net Loss per Share

Earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, excluding the effects of any potentially dilutive securities. Diluted EPS gives effect to the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock, using the more dilutive of the two-class method and if-converted method in the period of earnings. The two-class method is an earnings allocation method that determines earnings per share (when there are earnings) for common stock and participating securities. The if-converted method assumes all convertible securities are converted into common stock. Diluted EPS excludes all dilutive potential shares of common stock if their effect is anti-dilutive.

As the Company experienced net losses for the periods presented, the Company did not include the effect of 6,634,980 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of 6,634,980 warrants sold in the IPO and Private Placement and issued in connection with completion of the Business Combination, or the effect of the aggregate number of shares issuable pursuant to outstanding restricted stock units and options (1,256,436 as of March 31, 2025) in the calculation of diluted loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, because their effects were anti-dilutive.

Table of Contents

The components of basic and diluted EPS are as follows:


	Three months ended March 31,
(dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)	2025		2024
Net loss from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders (A)	$	(3,855)	$	(858)
Net loss from discontinued operations attributable to common stockholders (B)		(495)		(1,350)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders (C)	$	(4,350)	$	(2,208)

Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic and diluted (D)		30,901,247		30,166,102
Loss Per Share:
Basic and diluted - continuing operations (A/D)	$	(0.12)	$	(0.03)
Basic and diluted - discontinued operations (B/D)		(0.02)		(0.04)
Basic and diluted (C/D)	$	(0.14)	$	(0.07)

6.Inventories

Inventories, net consist of the following:


	March 31,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2025		2024
Finished goods	$	5,375	$	5,585
Allowance for obsolescence		(1,725)		(1,762)
Total inventories, net	$	3,650	$	3,823

Finished goods inventory includes $1.7 million and $1.8 million of allowance for obsolescence as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company allowance for obsolescence is based on a policy developed by historical experience and management judgment.

7.Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable, net consist of the following:


	March 31,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2025		2024
Billed receivables	$	19,815	$	14,554
Unbilled receivables		8,042		6,454
Less: Allowance for credit losses		(929)		(1,198)
Total accounts receivable, net	$	26,928	$	19,810

Unbilled receivables represent balances recognized as revenue that have not been billed to the customer. The Company allowance for doubtful accounts is based on a policy developed by historical experience and management judgment. Adjustments to the allowance for credit losses may occur based on market conditions or specific client circumstances.

The following table describes the changes in the allowance for expected credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (all related to accounts receivables):


	March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2025		2024
Balance at January 1, of the allowance for expected credit losses	$	1,198	$	1,183
Change in the provision for expected credit losses for the period		(269)		225
Balance at March 31, of the allowance for expected credit losses	$	929	$	1,408

Table of Contents

8.Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Property, plant, and equipment, which include assets recorded under finance leases, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation, and amortization, and consist of the following:


	Expected Useful Lives	March 31,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	(in Years)	2025		2024
Buildings and improvements	7 – 40	$	9,103	$	8,770
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of life of improvement or lease term		740		712
Machinery and equipment	5 – 15		7,862		6,935
Computer equipment and software	3 – 8		27,084		25,663
Furniture and Fixtures	5 – 15		8,358		7,855
Finance lease right-of use assets	Shorter of life of the asset or lease term		1,731		1,662
			54,878		51,596
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization			(42,655)		(40,325)
Total property, plant and equipment, net		$	12,223	$	11,272

Depreciation expense related to property, plant and equipment was $0.5 million and $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

9.Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are stated at cost or acquisition-date fair value less accumulated amortization and consists of the following:


	Weighted
	Average	March 31, 2025
	Remaining	Gross
	Useful Life	Carrying		Accumulated		Intangible Asset,
(dollars in thousands)	(in Years)	Amount (a)		Amortization		net
Customer relationships	1.8	$	3,084	$	(2,428)	$	656
Internally developed software	4.3		588		(71)		517
Outsource contract costs	—		749		(749)		—
Total intangibles, net		$	4,421	$	(3,248)	$	1,173


	Weighted
	Average	December 31, 2024
	Remaining	Gross
	Useful Life	Carrying		Accumulated		Intangible Asset,
(dollars in thousands)	(in Years)	Amount (a)		Amortization		net
Customer relationships	2.0	$	2,960	$	(2,241)	$	719
Internally developed software	4.5		432		(30)		402
Outsource contract costs	—		719		(719)		—
Total intangibles, net		$	4,111	$	(2,990)	$	1,121

(a)	Amounts include intangibles acquired in business combinations and asset acquisitions

Aggregate amortization expense related to intangibles was $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Table of Contents

Estimated intangibles amortization expense for the next five years consists of the following:


	Estimated
	Amortization
(dollars in thousands)	Expenses
Remainder of 2025	$	374
2026		494
2027		122
2028		122
2029 and thereafter		61
Total	$	1,173

Goodwill

The Company’s operating segments are significant strategic business units that align its products and services with how it manages its business, approach the markets and interacts with customers. The Company is organized into two segments: Bills and Payments and Technology (See Note 20 – Segment Information).

Goodwill by reporting segment consists of the following:


	Balances at								Currency		Balances at
	January 1,								Translation		March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2025		Additions		Disposals		Impairments		Adjustments		2025
Bills and Payments	$	9,499	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	422	$	9,921
Technology		12,167		—		—		—		568		12,735
Total	$	21,666	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	990	$	22,656


	Balances at								Currency		Balances at
	January 1,								Translation		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2024		Additions		Disposals		Impairments		Adjustments		2024
Bills and Payments	$	9,971	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(472)	$	9,499
Technology		12,852		—		—		—		(685)		12,167
Total	$	22,823	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(1,157)	$	21,666

10.Debt

Secured Borrowing Facility

On September 15, 2023, the relevant entities entered into an amendment to the Secured Borrowing Facility (the “Amended Factoring Agreement”) to convert the existing arrangement into a non-recourse factoring program wherein an unrelated third party (the “Factor”) shall provide financing to certain subsidiaries of the Company by purchase of certain approved and partially approved accounts receivables (as defined in the Amended Factoring Agreement) up to a maximum amount of €15.0 million while assuming the risk of non-payment on the purchased accounts receivables up to the level of approval. The relevant entities shall have no continuing involvement in the transferred accounts receivable, other than collection and administrative responsibilities and, once sold, the accounts receivable shall no longer be available to satisfy creditors of the relevant entities.

The Company accounted for the transactions under the Amended Factoring Agreement as a sale under ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing, and treats it as an off-balance sheet arrangement. Net funds received from the transfers reflect the face value of the account less a fee, which is recorded as an increase to cash and a reduction to accounts receivable outstanding in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company reports the cash flows attributable to the sale of account receivables to the Factor and the cash receipts from collections made on behalf of and paid to the Factor under the Amended Factoring Agreement, on a net basis as trade accounts receivables in cash flows from operating activities in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

Table of Contents

As of March 31, 2025, the Company’s outstanding factored accounts receivable totaled approximately $10.1 million pursuant to the Amended Factoring Agreement, representing the face value of the invoices. The Company recognizes factoring costs upon disbursement of funds. The Company incurred a loss on sale of accounts receivables including expenses pursuant to the Amended Factoring Agreement totaling approximately $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, which is presented in selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) on the condensed combined and consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

2024 Facilities Agreement

In June 2024, XBP Europe, Inc. a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, together with certain other subsidiaries (the “XBP Group”), entered into a Facilities Agreement (the “2024 Facilities Agreement”) with HSBC for a £15.0 million and €10.5 million Secured Credit Facility consisting of (i) a single draw, secured Term Loan A facility in an aggregate principal amount of £3.0 million (the “2024 Term Loan A Facility”), (ii) a single draw, secured Term Loan B facility in an aggregate principal amount of €10.5 million (the “2024 Term Loan B Facility”, collectively with the 2024 Term Loan A Facility, the “2024 Term Loan Facilities”) and (iii) a multi-draw, multi-currency secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of £12.0 million (the “2024 Revolving Credit Facility”), and, together with the 2024 Term Loan Facilities, (the “2024 Senior Credit Facilities”). The 2024 Term Loan Facilities mature on June 26, 2028 and the 2024 Revolving Credit Facility matures on June 26, 2027, with certain extension rights at the discretion of HSBC. An additional £14.0 million of credit under the 2024 Revolving Credit Facility may be made available at HSBC’s discretion for specific purposes as per the 2024 Facilities Agreement.

The Company used the 2024 Term Loan Facilities to repay in full all outstanding indebtedness under the 2019 Credit Agreement, 2020 Credit Agreement and 2022 Committed Facility Agreement. The Company incurred $1.5 million in debt issuance costs related to the 2024 Facilities Agreement.

The 2024 Facilities Agreement contains financial covenants including, but not limited to, (i) requiring the maintenance of a consolidated total leverage ratio of not greater than 2.50 to 1.00 (with step-downs to (a) 2.25 to 1.00 starting January 1, 2025 and (b) 2.00 to 1.00 starting January 1, 2026); (ii) a cash flow coverage ratio of at least 1.10:1.00; and (iii) a consolidated interest coverage ratio of not less than 4.00 to 1.00.

The 2024 Facilities Agreement and indenture governing the 2024 Secured Credit Facilities contains certain affirmative and negative covenants limiting on the ability of the XBP Group to effect mergers and change of control events as well as certain other limitations, including limitations on (i) incurrence of additional indebtedness or liens, (ii) dispositions of assets, (iii) substantial changes of the general nature of the business, (iv) entering into restrictive agreements, (v) making certain investments, loans, advances, guarantees and acquisitions, (vi) prepaying certain indebtedness, (vii) the declaration and payment of dividends or other restricted payments, (viii) engaging in transactions with affiliates, or (ix) amending certain material documents.

Except as otherwise provided by applicable law, all obligations under the 2024 Facilities Agreement are jointly and severally unconditionally guaranteed by each member of the XBP Group.

Borrowings under the 2024 Term Loan A Facility, the 2024 Term Loan B Facility and 2024 Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the SONIA plus the applicable margin of 3.25%, Euro Interbank Offered Rate (“EURIBOR”) plus the applicable margin of 3.25% and Reference Rate plus the applicable margin of 3.25%, respectively. “Reference Rate” for any period means (i) Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) for funds extended in U.S. Dollars; (ii) the EURIBOR, for funds extended in Euros; (iii) the SONIA, for funds extended in Pounds Sterling; and the Stockholm Interbank Offered Rate (“STIBOR”) for funds extended in Swedish Krona.

As of March 31, 2025, the outstanding balance of the Term Loan A Facility, the Term Loan B Facility, and the Revolving Credit Facility was approximately $3.3 million, $9.7 million, and $15.4 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the outstanding balance of the Term Loan A Facility, the Term Loan B Facility, and the Revolving Credit Facility was approximately $3.4 million, $9.8 million, and $14.7 million, respectively.

Table of Contents

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31 2024, the Revolving Working Capital Loan Facility had an outstanding balance of $2.6 million, and $2.2 million, respectively.

During the three month ended March 31, 2025, the Company repaid $0.2 million and $0.6 million of outstanding principal amount under the 2024 Term Loan A Facility and 2024 Term Loan B Facility, respectively.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company repaid $0.4 million and $1.1 million of outstanding principal amount under the 2024 Term Loan A Facility and 2024 Term Loan B Facility, respectively.

The outstanding principal amount of the 2024 Term Loan A Facility shall be repaid in fifteen (15) equal quarterly installments of £150 thousands commencing Sept 30, 2024, with the remaining outstanding principal amount of £750k payable at maturity along with accrued and unpaid interest. The outstanding principal amount of the 2024 Term Loan B Facility shall be repaid in fifteen (15) equal quarterly installments of €525 thousands commencing Sept 30, 2024, with the remaining outstanding principal amount of €2.6 million payable at maturity along with accrued and unpaid interest.

The Company may, at any time, prepay the principal of the 2024 Senior Credit Facilities. Each prepayment shall be accompanied by the payment of accrued interest, without any premium or penalty. However, the Company is limited to a maximum of four voluntary prepayments of the 2024 Revolving Credit Facility within any consecutive twelve-month period.

As of March 31, 2025, the XBP Group was in compliance with all affirmative and negative covenants under the 2024 Facilities Agreement, including any financial covenants, pertaining to its financing arrangements. The Company continually monitors its compliance with such covenants. The Company believes it will remain in compliance with all such covenants for the next twelve months; however, due to the inherent uncertainty, management’s estimates of the achievement of its financial covenants may change in the future.

Debt Outstanding

As of March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the following debt instruments were outstanding:


	March 31,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2025		2024
2024 Term Loan A Facility⁽¹⁾	$	3,120	$	3,198
2024 Term Loan B Facility⁽²⁾		9,135		9,276
Term loan		—		—
2024 Revolving Credit Facility⁽³⁾		14,868		14,218
Revolvers⁽⁴⁾		2,610		2,233
Total debt		29,733		28,925
Less: Current portion of long-term debt		5,444		4,959
Long-term debt, net of current maturities	$	24,289	$	23,966

(1)	Net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $0.2 million as of March 31, 2025.

(2)	Net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $0.5 million as of March 31, 2025.

(3)	Net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $0.5 million as of March 31, 2025.

(4)	Includes $2.6 million and $2.2 million of outstanding balance under working capital loan as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

11.Income Taxes

The Company applies an estimated annual effective tax rate (“ETR”) approach for calculating tax provision for interim periods, as required under GAAP. The Company recorded an income tax expense of $0.8 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, from continuing operations.

Table of Contents

The Company’s ETR from continuing operations of (24.6%) for three ended March 31, 2025 differed from the expected U.S. statutory tax rate of 21.0% and was primarily impacted by uncertain tax benefits, permanent tax adjustments, foreign tax rates that differ from the U.S. federal statutory rate, valuation allowances on a portion of the Company’s foreign deferred tax assets that are not more likely than not to be realized and remeasurement of existing uncertain tax positions.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company’s ETR from continuing operations of (115.9)% differed from the expected U.S. statutory tax rate of 21.0%, and was primarily impacted by permanent tax adjustments, foreign tax rates that differ from the U.S. federal statutory rate, and valuation allowances on a portion of the Company’s foreign deferred tax assets that are not more likely than not to be realized.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company's liability for unrecognized tax benefits (including interest and penalties) increased by $54 thousand. This increase is primarily due to accrued interest during the year and foreign currency remeasurements.

The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development reached agreement on Pillar Two Model Rules (“Pillar Two”) to implement a minimum 15.0% tax rate on certain multinational companies. Participating countries are in various stages of proposing and enacting tax laws to implement the Pillar Two framework. We determined these rules did not have a material impact on our taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and will continue to evaluate the impact of these proposals and legislative changes as new guidance emerges.

As of March 31, 2025, there were no material changes to either the nature or the amounts of the uncertain tax positions previously determined for the year ended December 31, 2024.

12.Employee Benefit Plans

U.K. Pension Plan

Two of the Company’s subsidiaries in the United Kingdom provide pension benefits to certain retirees and eligible dependents. Employees eligible for participation included all full-time regular employees who were more than three years from retirement prior to October 2001. A retirement pension or a lump-sum payment may be paid dependent upon length of service at the mandatory retirement age. The Company accrues the cost of these benefits over the service lives of the covered employees based on an actuarial calculation. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for this plan. No new employees are registered under this plan and the pension obligation for the existing participants of the plan is calculated based on actual salary of the participants at the earlier of two dates, the participants leaving the Company or March 31, 2015. The expected rate of return assumptions for plan assets relate solely to the UK plan and are based mainly on historical performance achieved over a long period of time (15 to 20 years) encompassing many business and economic cycles.

German Pension Plan

XBP Europe’s subsidiaries in Germany, Exela Technologies ECM Solutions GmbH, provides pension benefits to certain retirees. Employees eligible for participation include all employees who started working for the Company or its predecessors prior to September 30, 1987 and have finished a qualifying period of at least 10 years. The Company accrues the cost of these benefits over the service lives of the covered employees based on an actuarial calculation. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for this plan. The German pension plan is an unfunded plan and therefore has no plan assets. No new employees are registered under this plan and the participants who are already eligible to receive benefits under this plan are no longer employees of the Company.

Norway Pension Plan

The Company’s subsidiary in Norway provides pension benefits to eligible retirees and eligible dependents. Employees eligible for participation include all employees who were more than three years from retirement prior to March 2018. The Company accrues the cost of these benefits over the service lives of the covered employees based on

Table of Contents

an actuarial calculation. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for this plan. No new employees are registered under this plan and the pension obligation for the existing participants of the plan is calculated based on actual salary of the participants at the earlier of two dates, the participants leaving the Company or April 30, 2018.

Asterion Pension Plan

In 2018, Exela Technologies Holding GmbH (through the Asterion Business Combination), acquired the obligation to provide pension benefits to eligible retirees and eligible dependents. Employees eligible for participation included all full-time regular employees who were more than three years from retirement prior to July 2003. A retirement pension or a lump-sum payment may be paid dependent upon length of service at the mandatory retirement age. The Company accrues the cost of these benefits over the service lives of the covered employees based on an actuarial calculation. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for this plan. No new employees are registered under this plan and the pension obligation for the existing participants of the plan is calculated based on actual salary of the participants at the earlier of two dates, the participants leaving the Company or April 10, 2018.

Tax Effect on Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company recorded actuarial gains of $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively, which is net of a deferred tax benefit of $2.0 million for each period.

Pension and Postretirement Expense

The components of the net periodic benefit cost are as follows:


	Three months ended March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2025		2024
Service cost	$	8	$	9
Interest cost		787		744
Expected return on plan assets		(807)		(729)
Amortization
Amortization of prior service cost		—		—
Amortization of net loss		436		307
Net periodic benefit cost	$	424	$	331

The Company records pension interest cost within interest expense, net. Expected return on plan assets, amortization of prior service costs, and amortization of net losses are recorded within pension income, net. Service cost is recorded within cost of revenue.

Employer Contributions

XBP Europe’s funding of employer contributions is based on governmental requirements and differs from those methods used to recognize pension expense. The Company made contributions of $0.6 million and $0 million to its pension plans during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company is expecting to fund the pension plans with the required contributions for 2025 based on current plan provisions.

13.Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

The Company is, from time to time, involved in certain legal proceedings, inquiries, claims and disputes, which arise in the ordinary course of business. Although management cannot predict the outcomes of these matters, management does not believe these actions will have a material, adverse effect on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, condensed consolidated statements of operations or condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

Table of Contents

Company Subsidiary Litigation

A group of 71 former employees brought a claim against a subsidiary of the Company related to their dismissal resulting from the closure of two production sites in France in 2020. The employees filed complaints with the Labor Court on June 9, 2022. Conciliation hearings at the Labor Court were held on September 27, 2022, December 13, 2022, March 7, 2023, September 5, 2023, November 14, 2023, December 5, 2023,and February 5, 2024.

The Company has appealed against the decision (and paid the amount of $1.1 million to 66 of the 67 claimants, as settlement agreement in principle was subsequently reached with one further claimant on November 10, 2023 pending the appeal). Since the majority of the claimants concluded settlement agreements with the Company, the appeal proceedings pertain only to 15 remaining claimants who have not settled. The next hearing, pertaining only to the remaining claimants who have not concluded settlement agreements with the Company, is scheduled for June 2, 2025.

In addition to the above, the substantive hearing was held on February 16, 2024 and a decision was made on June 28, 2024. The Company has appealed the decision from that substantive hearing.

The Company reached a number of settlements with 56 claimants prior to the court’s June 2024 decision and approximately $1.8 million was paid to such claimants in addition to the amounts paid as part of the summary proceedings. The court awarded $1.2 million to the claimants who had not settled before the court’s decision and, after the deduction of the amounts already paid to such claimants, $1.0 million remains to be paid by the Company. The Company will also be responsible for up to three months’ unemployment allowance paid to these claimants by the unemployment fund, which is not expected to significantly increase the Company’s total costs. The Company has appealed the decision. The Company accrued $1.0 million and $1.0 million in accrued liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, based on the estimate of the range of possible losses.

Contract-Related Contingencies

The Company has certain contingent obligations that arise in the ordinary course of providing services to its customers. These contingencies are generally the result of contracts that require the Company to comply with certain performance measurements or the delivery of certain services to customers by a specified deadline. The Company believes the adjustments to the transaction price, if any, under these contract provisions will not result in a significant revenue reversal or have a material adverse effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets, condensed consolidated statements of operations, condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive loss or condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

14.Fair Value Measurement

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amount of assets and liabilities including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and current portion of long-term debt approximated their fair value as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, due to the relative short maturity of these instruments. The fair values of the Company’s loans and receivables under the factoring arrangement entered into by subsidiaries of the Company are equal to the carrying values. Property and equipment, intangible assets, capital lease obligations, and goodwill are not required to be re-measured to fair value on a recurring basis. These assets are evaluated for impairment if certain triggering events occur. If such evaluation indicates that impairment exists, the respective asset is written down to its fair value.

Table of Contents

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company determined the fair value of Private Warrants’ liability as $9 thousands and $7 thousands, respectively, included in the other long-term liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets under Level 3 fair value measurement using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value of the Private Warrants liability are assumptions related to the inputs of exercise price, fair value of the underlying common stock, risk-free interest rate, expected term, expected volatility, and expected dividend yield. Significant increases (decreases) in the discount rate would have resulted in a lower (higher) fair value measurement. Significant increases (decreases) in the forecasted financial information would have resulted in a higher (lower) fair value measurement. For all significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Level 3 liabilities, a change in one of the inputs would not necessarily result in a directionally similar change in the fair value.

The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of net assets and liabilities classified as Level 3:


	March 31,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2025		2024
Balance at beginning of period	$	7	$	50
Change in the fair value of the private warrants liability		2		(43)
Balance at end of period	$	9	$	7

15.Stock-Based Compensation

XBP Europe 2024 Stock Incentive Plan

On June 13, 2024, the stockholders of XBP Europe approved and adopted XBP Europe’s 2024 Stock Incentive Plan (the “XBP 2024 Equity Plan”) at XBP Europe’s 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Under the XBP 2024 Equity Plan, subject to adjustment for certain changes in capitalization or other corporate events, XBP Europe is authorized to issue up to 5,520,270 shares of common stock pursuant to equity-based awards, which may be granted to eligible participants in furtherance of XBP Europe’s broader compensation strategy and philosophy. Awards granted under the 2024 Equity Plan will be granted upon terms approved by XBP Europe’s Compensation Committee and set forth in an award agreement or other evidence of an award.

Pursuant to XBP 2024 Equity Plan, on February 13, 2025, the Compensation Committee of the Company approved the grant of 1,967,449 restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and 30,951 stock options to eligible employees and directors of the Company.

The Compensation Committee of the Company, using the discretionary clause to accelerate the vesting of awards, on March 20, 2025 and March 31, 2025 approved accelerated vesting of 3,669,133 RSUs and 103,951 stock options then outstanding under the XBP 2024 Equity Plan, resulting in modification of the awards. These RSUs and stock options are a combination of previous as well as newly granted RSUs and stock options. The Company recognized the compensation cost of $3.8 million for this accelerated vesting of awards during the three months ended March 31, 2025. The Company withheld 170,946 shares with value equivalent to the employee’s minimum statutory obligation for applicable income and other employment taxes. The total shares withheld were based on the value of the RSUs on their vesting date as determined by the Company’s closing stock price.

Restricted Stock Unit

Restricted stock unit awards generally vest ratably over a less than a year to three (3) year period. Restricted stock units are subject to forfeiture if employment or service terminates prior to vesting and are expensed ratably over the vesting period.

A summary of restricted stock unit activities under the XBP 2024 Equity Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2025 is summarized in the following table:

Table of Contents


				Average
		Weighted		Remaining
	Number	Average Grant		Contractual Life
	of Units	Date Fair Value		(Years)
Shares granted	3,325,329	$	1.24	2.19
Shares forfeited	—		—	—
Shares vested	(3,865,396)		1.27	—
Shares withheld	(170,946)		1.36	—
Addition in the quarter	1,967,449		1.33	2.08
Outstanding Balance as of March 31, 2025	1,256,436	$	1.28	2.50

Options

Under the XBP 2024 Equity Plan, stock options are granted at a price per share not less than 100% of the fair market value per share of the underlying stock at the grant date. The vesting period for each option award is established on the grant date, and the options generally expire ten (10) years from the grant date. Stock options granted under the 2024 Plan generally require no less than a four (4) year ratable vesting period. Stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2025 is summarized in the following table:


						Average
		Weighted		Weighted		Remaining
		Average Grant		Average		Vesting Period
	Outstanding	Date Fair Value		Exercise Price		(Years)
Granted	95,000	$	0.58	$	1.31	3.08
Exercised	—		—		—	—
Forfeited	(22,000)		—		—	—
Addition in the quarter	30,951		0.16		1.24	3.88
Vested	(103,951)		0.45		1.29	—
Outstanding Balance as of March 31, 2025⁽¹⁾	—		—		—	—

(1)	Exercise prices of all of the outstanding options as of March 31, 2025 were higher than the market price of the shares of the Company. Therefore, aggregate intrinsic value was zero.

As of March 31, 2025, there was $1.4 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested restricted stock unit awards under the XBP 2024 Equity Plan, which will be recognized over the respective service period. Stock-based compensation expense is recorded within selling, general, and administrative expenses. The Compensation Committee approved the acceleration of vesting for outstanding RSUs under the 2024 XBP Europe Stock Incentive Plan for certain participants, the modification to accelerate vesting was recognized at the date of the modification. As a result, the incremental compensation expense of $3.8 million was recognized based on fair value of the awards. The Company incurred total compensation expense of $3.8 million and $0 million related to restricted stock unit awards and stock option awards under the XBP 2024 Equity Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024.

16.Warrants

As of March 31, 2025, the Company had the following common stock warrants outstanding:


	Warrants	Exercise Price	Issuance Date	Expiration
Private Placement Warrants	135,000	11.50	03/11/2021	11/29/2028
Forward Purchase Warrants	250,000	11.50	03/11/2021	11/29/2028
Public Warrants	6,249,980	11.50	03/11/2021	11/29/2028
Total	6,634,980

Table of Contents

Public Warrants

The Public Warrants qualify for the derivative scope exception under ASC 815 and are therefore classified as equity on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. They may only be exercised for a whole number of shares at a price of $11.50. No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the Public Warrants. The Public Warrants are currently exercisable and will expire five years from the completion of the Business Combination or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

The Company may redeem the outstanding Public Warrants if the price per share of common stock equals or exceeds $18.00 (except as described with respect to the Private Placement Warrants and Forward Purchase Warrants):

●

in whole and not in part;

●

at a price of $0.01 per Warrant;

●

upon not less than 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption to each warrantholder; and

●

if, and only if, the closing price of the Common stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted) for any of 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period commencing once the Warrants become exercisable and ending three trading days before the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrantholders.

If and when the Public Warrants become redeemable by us, we may not exercise our redemption right if the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Public Warrants is not exempt from registration or qualification under applicable state blue sky laws or we are unable to effect such registration or qualification.

Private Warrants

The Private Warrants meet the definition of a derivative, however they don’t meet the equity scope exception in ASC 815 and are therefore classified as a liability. The Private Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants, except that so long as they are held by Cantor or any Permitted Transferees, as applicable, the Private Warrants (i) may be exercised for cash or on a cashless basis, (ii) may not be transferred, assigned or sold until thirty (30) days after the completion by the Company of an initial Business Combination, and (iii) shall not be redeemable by the Company,

Upon exercise of each of the Public Warrants and Private Warrants, the exercise price and number of shares of Common Stock issuable may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a stock dividend, a consolidation, combination, reverse stock split or reclassification of shares of Common Stock.

17.Stockholders’ Deficit

Preferred Stock — The Company is authorized to issue 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were no shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding.

Common Stock — The Company is authorized to issue 200,000,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. Each holder of Common Stock will be entitled to one (1) vote in person or by proxy for each share of the Common Stock. The holders of shares of Common Stock will not have cumulative voting rights. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were 35,711,498 and 30,166,102 shares of Common stock issued and outstanding, respectively.

18.Restructuring

The Company periodically takes actions to improve operating efficiencies, typically in connection with rationalizing the cost structure of the Company. The Company’s footprint and headcount reductions and organizational

Table of Contents

integration actions relate to discrete, unique restructuring events, primarily reflected in approved plans for reductions in force.

In the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company’s management approved a restructuring plan to realign the Company’s business and strategic priorities by rightsizing its workforce in certain regions.

The Company’s restructuring activity and balance of the restructuring liability is as follows:


	March 31,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2025		2024
Balance at beginning of the period	$	1,685	$	5,267
Restructuring charges		—		1,051
Payment of benefits		(307)		(4,634)
Balance at the end of the period	$	1,378	$	1,685

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the current portion of the restructuring liability was $1.4 million and $1.7 million respectively, and was included in accrued compensation and benefits in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

19.Related Parties

The components of related party expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations are summarized as follows:


	Three months ended
	March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2025		2024
Related party shared services	$	849	$	744
Related party service fee		713		182
Total related party expense	$	1,562	$	926

Historically, the Company has been managed and operated in the ordinary course of business with other affiliates of ETI. Accordingly, certain shared costs have been allocated to the Company and reflected as expenses in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Sales of Products and Services

During the historical periods presented, the Company sold products and services to non-XBP Europe subsidiaries of ETI. Revenue, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations include sales to affiliates of ETI of $0.1 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Shared Service Center Costs

The historical costs and expenses reflected in our financial statements include costs for certain shared service functions historically provided by the non-XBP Europe subsidiaries of the Company’s parent, ETI, including, but not limited to accounting and finance, IT and business process operations. Where possible, these charges were allocated based on full-time equivalents (FTE’s), formal agreements between XBP Europe and subsidiaries of ETI, or other allocation methodologies that Management determined to be a reasonable reflection of the utilization of services provided or the benefit received by XBP Europe and all costs of operating XBP Europe during the periods presented.

The allocated shared service expenses and general corporate expenses incurred pursuant to the Services Agreement for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 were $0.8 million and $0.7 million, and are included in the related party expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Table of Contents

In the opinion of management of ETI and the Company, the expense and cost allocations have been determined on a basis considered to be a reasonable reflection of the utilization of services provided or the benefit received by the Company during 2025 and 2024. The amounts that would have been, or will be incurred, on a stand-alone basis could differ from the amounts allocated due to economies of scale, difference in management judgment, a requirement for more or fewer employees or other factors. Management does not believe, however, that it is practicable to estimate what these expenses would have been had the Company operated as an independent entity, including any expenses associated with obtaining any of these services from unaffiliated entities. In addition, the future results of operations, financial position and cash flows could differ materially from the historical results presented herein.

Service Fee

During the historical periods presented, subsidiaries of ETI provided management services to the Company in exchange for a management fee. These management services included provision of legal, human resources, corporate finance, and marketing support. The management fee was calculated based on a weighted average of total external revenue, headcount and total assets attributable to the Company. On October 9, 2022 the management fee was terminated when the Merger Agreement was entered into and was replaced by the related party service fee pursuant to the Services Agreement, which reduced the fee and modified the services provided. Services provided under Annex A of the Services Agreement include sales of certain hardware, operations delivery, finance, accounting, human resource and technology support services. The Company incurred total fees of $0.7 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, which include services incurred under newly entered service agreements with Nventr, LLC and HOV Services Ltd.

Notes Payable

The Company entered into three Intercompany Loan Agreements with an affiliate of ETI, in September 2009 and May 2010, whereby the affiliate of ETI agreed to lend up to £9.3 million to the Company (“related party notes payable”). The related party notes payable which were denominated in Great British pounds accrued interest daily at the one-month LIBOR rate for United States dollar deposits in the London interbank market plus four percentage points. These notes had an original maturity date of one year (which was extended by the lender for one additional year on each anniversary of the notes) and were assigned by the lender to another affiliate of ETI and amended with an effective date of December 1, 2012. The amendment amended (a) the interest rate to a fixed rate of 4% plus LIBOR for the remainder of 2012, 12% for 2013 and 13.5% thereafter, (b) extended the term of the agreement to December 31, 2024, and (c) denominated the notes in United States dollars. In accordance with the Ultimate Parent Support Agreement, related party notes payable were eliminated at closing with a corresponding impact to additional paid-in capital. As a result, no related party notes payable was recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The condensed consolidated statements of operations included related party interest expense of $0 and $0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 in the related party interest expense (income), net.

The Company entered into another four Intercompany Loan Agreements (“new related party notes payable”) with affiliates of ETI, three of the notes are dated September 4, 2023 (and subsequently amended on September 15, 2023) and one note is dated September 15, 2023. The new related party notes payable have a ten year term and bear annual interest of 6.0%, due at the end of the term. The condensed consolidated balance sheets included $1.5 million new related party notes payable as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The condensed consolidated statements of operations included less than $0.1 million of related party interest expense for the period ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024 in the related party interest expense (income), net.

Related Party Payables and Related Party Notes Payables Balances with Affiliates

Agreement with Nventr, LLC.

On February 5, 2025, the Company entered into a new related party service agreement with Nventr, LLC, a portfolio company of HGM and in which our executive chairman holds a 20% interest, that provides AI analytics solutions. The Company incurred an expense of $0.1 million and $0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 in related party expenses within the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The company capitalized

Table of Contents

$0.1 million and $0 million towards solutioning work for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Agreement with HOV Services Ltd.

On February 18, 2025, the Company entered into a new related party service agreement with HOV Services Ltd., a company in which our executive chairman also serves as executive chairman, to help mitigate the risk of service disruption from the ongoing chapter 11 proceedings of the ETI Debtor Subs by providing an alternate source for certain BPO, outsourcing, management, and financial transaction processing solutions. The Company incurred an expense of $0.2 million and $0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 in related party expenses within the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Related party payables and related party notes payables balances with affiliates as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:


	March 31, 2025				December 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)	Related party payables		Related party notes payable		Related party payables		Related party notes payable
ETI affiliates	$	4,204	$	1,512	$	5,443	$	1,451
Nventr, LLC		180		—		—		—
HOV Services Limited		160		—		—		—
Total	$	4,544	$	1,512	$	5,443	$	1,451

Acquisition of Membership Interest

On March 24, 2025, a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the “MI Agreement”) was executed between the Company and ETI. Under the terms of the MI Agreement, ETI, who is the record and beneficial owner of 100% of the membership interests in GP 2XCV Holdings LLC (“GP2 Holdings”), a Delaware limited liability company, sold and transferred all of the membership interests in GP2 Holdings to the Company. The only asset held by GP2 Holdings is all of the membership interests in GP 2XCV, LLC (“GP2”). The only asset held by GP2 is 11.500% First-Priority Senior Secured Notes due 2026 (“Exela 2026 Notes”) issued by a wholly owned subsidiary of ETI. The Company paid a purchase price of $2.3 million by way of issuing 1,680,000 shares of XBP common stock at a closing stock price of $1.37 on March 21, 2025. Accordingly, XBP recorded an investment of $2.3 million in Exela 2026 Notes as a “held-till-maturity” asset in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2025 for the only acquired asset under this asset acquisition transaction. The Exela 2026 Notes were purchased credit deteriorated. Accordingly, the Company recorded an allowance for credit loss of $1.3 million and non-credit premium assets of $1.3 million. The Company amortized less than $0.1 million of non-credit premium asset during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

20.Segment Information

The Company’s operating segments are significant strategic business units that align its products and services with how it manages its business, approaches the markets and interacts with its clients. The Company is organized into two segments: Bills and Payments and Technology.

Bills and Payments

The Bills & Payments business unit primarily focuses on optimizing how bills and payments are processed by businesses of all sizes and industries. It offers automation of Accounts Payable (“AP”) and Accounts Receivables (“AR”) processes and through its platform, XBP, seeks to integrate buyers and suppliers across Europe. This business unit also includes our digital transformation revenue, which is both project based and recurring.

Table of Contents

Technology

The Technology business unit primarily focuses on sales of recurring software licenses and related maintenance, hardware solutions and related maintenance and professional services.

The CODM of the Company is the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. The CODM reviews segment profit to evaluate operating segment performance and determine how to allocate resources to operating segments. “Segment profit” is defined as revenue less cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). The Company does not allocate selling, general,and administrative expenses, depreciation and amortization, interest expense and foreign exchange losses, net. The Company manages assets on a total company basis, not by operating segment, and therefore asset information and capital expenditures by operating segments are not presented.

In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, the results of the disposable group are presented as discontinued operations in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and, as such, have been excluded from both continuing operations and segment results for all periods presented. See Note 3 - Discontinued Operations of the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

A reconciliation of segment profit to net loss before income taxes is presented below.


	Three months ended March 31, 2025
(dollars in thousands)	Bills & Payments		Technology		Total
Revenue, net (including related party revenue of $0.1 million)	$	26,311	$	11,362	$	37,673
Cost of revenue (including related party cost of revenue of $0.01 million, exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		21,145		5,173		26,318
Segment profit		5,167		6,189		11,355
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)						10,953
Related party expense						1,562
Depreciation and amortization						627
Interest expense, net						1,721
Related party interest expense, net						23
Foreign exchange gains, net						(71)
Changes in fair value of warrant liability						2
Pension income, net						(369)
Net income before income taxes					$	(3,093)


	Three months ended March 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)	Bills & Payments		Technology		Total
Revenue, net (including related party revenue of $0.1 million)	$	26,637	$	11,476	$	38,113
Cost of revenue (including related party cost of revenue of $0.02 million, exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		22,983		5,097		28,080
Segment profit		3,654		6,379		10,033
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)						6,968
Related party expense						926
Depreciation and amortization						808
Interest expense, net						1,417
Related party interest expense, net						19
Foreign exchange losses, net						753
Change in fair value of warrant liability						(37)
Pension income, net						(423)
Net loss before income taxes					$	(398)

Table of Contents

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion and analysis together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q. Among other things, the condensed consolidated financial statements include more detailed information regarding the basis of presentation for the financial data than included in the following discussion. Amounts in thousands of United States dollars.

Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references in this section to “we,” “our,” “us,” “XBP Europe, “the Company” and similar terms are to XBP Europe Inc. and its subsidiaries before the Business Combination, and to XBP Europe Holdings, Inc. following consummation of the Business Combination, except where the context requires otherwise.

Unless otherwise noted, this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations relates solely to our continuing operations and does not include the operations of our certain on-demand printing operations. See “Pending Divestiture” below and Note 3 - Discontinued Operations of the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information about the disposable group.

Forward Looking Statements

Certain statements included in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and elsewhere in this quarterly report are not historical facts but are forward-looking statements for purposes of the safe harbor provisions under The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements generally are accompanied by words such as “may”, “should”, “would”, “plan”, “intend”, “anticipate”, “believe”, “estimate”, “predict”, “potential”, “seem”, “seek”, “continue”, “future”, “will”, “expect”, “outlook” or other similar words, phrases or expressions. These forward-looking statements include statements regarding our industry, future events, estimated or anticipated future results and benefits, future opportunities for XBP Europe, and other statements that are not historical facts. These statements are based on the current expectations of XBP Europe management and are not predictions of actual performance. These statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties regarding XBP Europe’s businesses and actual results may differ materially. The factors that may affect our results include, among others: the impact of political and economic conditions on the demand for our services; cyber incidents such as a data or security breach; the impact of competition or alternatives to our services on our business pricing and other actions by competitors; our ability to address technological development and change in order to keep pace with our industry and the industries of our customers; the impact of terrorism, natural disasters or similar events on our business; the effect of legislative and regulatory actions in the United States and internationally; the impact of operational failure due to the unavailability or failure of third-party services on which we rely; the effect of intellectual property infringement; and other factors discussed in this quarterly report and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 (the “2024 Form 10-K”) under the heading “Risk Factors”, and otherwise identified or discussed in this quarterly report. You should consider these factors carefully in evaluating forward-looking statements and are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such statements, which speak only as of the date of this quarterly report. It is impossible for us to predict new events or circumstances that may arise in the future or how they may affect us. We undertake no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of this quarterly report. We are not including the information provided on any websites that may be referenced herein as part of, or incorporating such information by reference into, this quarterly report. In addition, forward-looking statements provide our expectations, plans or forecasts of future events and views as of the date of this quarterly report. We anticipate that subsequent events and developments may cause our assessments to change. These forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing our assessments as of any date subsequent to the date of this quarterly report.

Overview

The Company is a pan-European integrator of bills, payments and related solutions and services seeking to enable digital transformation of our clients. The Company serves over 2,000 clients of varying sizes and across multiple

Table of Contents

industries and geographies. We believe our business ultimately advances digital transformation, improves market-wide liquidity, and encourages sustainable business practices.

The Company’s digital foundation was developed to deliver fully outsourced solutions to address current and evolving client needs. The Company hosts its products both on client premises and as a SaaS offering in the cloud. These offerings, along with several hybrid solutions are available to clients based on the client’s needs and preferences. When distributing its licenses, the Company offers a flexible model, whereby clients may choose among licenses covering a maximum number of transactions, multi-year term licenses with flexible renewal options, or perpetual licenses.

The Company’s primary source of revenue stems from transactions processed by its products, including bills and payments processing and constitutes the dominant part of revenue in our larger, Bills & Payments reporting segment. Other sources of revenue include the sale of recurring software licenses and professional services, perpetual software licenses, as well as hardware solutions and related maintenance and constitute our other, Technology reporting segment. The Company offers an industry-agnostic and cross-departmental suite of products, which center around finance and accounting (“F&A”) solutions and services comprised of the XBP Platform, Request to Pay, enterprise information management, Digital Mailroom, business process management and workflow automation, and integrated communication services. The Company also offers core industry solutions for the banking and financial services sector, and has, as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, rolled out a suite of Work From Anywhere (“WFA”) applications with enterprise software for connectivity and productivity to enable remote work.

The continued success of the Company’s business is driven by its people. Its operation centers are located in areas where the value proposition the Company offers is attractive relative to other local opportunities, resulting in an engaged, educated multi-lingual workforce that is able to make a meaningful global contribution from their local marketplace. As of March 31, 2025, the Company had approximately 1,500 employees (of which 145 were part-time employees) across 16 countries (14 across Europe and in Morocco as well as the U.S., where our chief executive officer and chief financial officer are located).

History

XBP Europe, Inc. was incorporated in Delaware on September 28, 2022 to facilitate the Business Combination. On November 30, 2023, following the closing of the Business Combination, it became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, and the Company’s shares started trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market under the ticker “XBP” and its warrants started trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market under the ticker symbol “XBPEW”. Together with its subsidiaries, the Company constitutes a collection of entities, which have comprised the core European business of ETI since the 1995 merger between Texas-based BancTec, Inc. and Recognition International, Inc. The Company’s subsidiaries and predecessor entities have been serving clients in the European marketplace for over 45 years. In 2018, through the acquisitions of Asterion International and Drescher Full-Service Versand, ETI further expanded its geographic and client reach across Europe.

Non-Binding Letter of Intent

On March 4, 2025, the Company announced that it had entered into an exclusive, non-binding letter of intent with ETI to acquire Exela Technologies BPA, LLC (“Exela BPA”), a leading provider of business process automation solutions and subsidiary of ETI. Under the terms of the letter of intent, the Company has been granted exclusivity while the parties work in good faith to negotiate definitive agreements, complete due diligence, undertake necessary regulatory approvals, and seek any necessary approvals, including from the Company’s shareholders.

The Company is continuing to work through the process; however, there can be no assurance that a definitive agreement will be entered into or that the proposed transaction will be consummated. Those portions of the letter of intent that describe the proposed transaction are non-binding. The Company only intends to announce additional details regarding the proposed transaction if and when a definitive agreement is executed.

Table of Contents

Pending Divestiture

During the third quarter of 2024, certain on-demand printing operations of the Company met the criteria to be disclosed as discontinued operations in the third quarter of fiscal year 2024. See Note 3 - Discontinued Operations of the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information on discontinued operations.

Key Factors Affecting Company’s Business

The Company believes that its performance and future success depend upon several factors that present significant opportunities for us but also pose risks and challenges discussed in our 2024 Form 10-K under the heading “Risk Factors.”

Our Segments

Our two reportable segments are Bills & Payments and Technology. These segments are comprised of significant strategic business units that align our products and services with how we manage our business, approach our key markets and interact with our clients based on their respective industries.

Bills and Payments: The Bills & Payments business unit primarily focuses on optimizing how bills and payments are processed by businesses of all sizes and industries. The Company offers automation of AP and AR processes and through an integrated platform, seeks to integrate buyers and suppliers across Europe. This business unit also includes our digital transformation revenue, which is both project based and recurring.

Technology: The Technology business unit primarily focuses on sales of recurring and perpetual software licenses and related maintenance, hardware solutions and related maintenance and professional services.

Key Performance Indicators

We use a variety of operational and financial measures to assess our performance. Among the measures considered by our management are the following:

●

Revenue by segment;

●

Gross profit by segment; and

●

Adjusted EBITDA (which is a non-GAAP financial measure).

Revenue by segment

We analyze our revenue by comparing actual monthly revenue to internal projections and prior periods across our operating segments in order to assess performance, identify potential areas for improvement, and determine whether segments are meeting management’s expectations.

Gross profit by segment

The Company defines Gross Profit as revenue less cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). The Company uses Gross Profit by segment to assess financial performance at the segment level.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

To supplement its financial data presented on a basis consistent with GAAP, this report contains certain non-GAAP financial measures, including EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA. The Company has included these non-GAAP financial measures because they are financial measures used by management to evaluate the Company’s core

Table of Contents

operating performance and trends, to make strategic decisions regarding the allocation of capital and new investments. These measures exclude certain expenses that are required under GAAP. The Company excludes these items because they are non-recurring or non-cash expenses that are determined based in part on the Company’s underlying performance.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA

We define EBITDA as net income (loss), plus taxes, interest expense, and depreciation and amortization. We define Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA plus restructuring and related expenses, non-cash equity compensation, foreign exchange gains or losses, changes in fair value of warrant liability, and non-recurring transaction costs incurred in connection with the Business Combination.

Note Regarding Non-GAAP Financial Measures

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not financial measures presented in accordance with GAAP. We believe that the presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures will provide useful information to investors in assessing our financial performance and results of operations as our board of directors and management use EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to assess our financial performance, because it allows them to compare our operating performance on a consistent basis across periods by removing the effects of our capital structure (such as varying levels of interest expense), asset base (such as depreciation and amortization) and items outside the control of our management team. Net income/loss is the GAAP measure most directly comparable to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA. Our non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered as alternatives to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure. Each of these non-GAAP financial measures has important limitations as analytical tools because they exclude some but not all items that affect the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures are not required to be uniformly applied, are not audited and should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes for results prepared in accordance with GAAP. Because EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA may be defined differently by other companies in our industry, our definitions of these non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies, thereby diminishing their utility.

The following tables present a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to our net loss from continuing operations, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2025		2024
Net loss from continuing operations	$	(3,855)	$	(858)
Income tax expense		762		460
Interest expense including related party interest expense, net		1,744		1,436
Depreciation and amortization		627		807
EBITDA from continuing operations		(722)		1,846
Restructuring and related expenses⁽¹⁾		667		332
Foreign exchange losses, net		(71)		752
Stock-based compensation expense⁽²⁾		3,818		—
Changes in fair value of warrant liability		2		(37)
Transaction Fees⁽³⁾		—		49
Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations	$	3,694	$	2,942

(1)	Adjustment represents costs associated with restructuring, including employee severance and vendor and lease termination costs.

(2)	See Note 15 - Stock-Based Compensation

(3)	Represents transaction costs incurred as part of the Business Combination.

Table of Contents

The following tables present a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to our net loss from discontinued operations, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2025		2024
Net loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes	$	(495)	$	(1,350)
Income tax expense		—		—
Interest expense, net		14		10
Depreciation and amortization		32		150
EBITDA from discontinued operations		(449)		(1,190)
Foreign exchange losses (gains), net		(359)		80
Adjusted EBITDA from discontinued operations	$	(808)	$	(1,110)

Key Components of Revenue and Expenses

Revenue

The Company earns revenue from transactions processed using its products and services. In addition, the Company also sells recurring and perpetual software licenses, as well as maintenance and other professional services. Licensing options are flexible and clients can purchase a license covering a maximum number of transactions, multi-year term licenses with flexible renewal options. The Company derives a majority of its revenue from transactions processing as well as from the sale of licenses and technology implementation services.

Related party revenue — Related party revenue consists of sales of the above products or services to related parties.

Costs and Expenses

Cost of revenue — Cost of revenue consists primarily of salaries and employee benefits, including performance bonuses, facility costs and cost of products.

Related party cost of revenue — Related party cost of revenue consists of the cost of the products or services purchased or acquired from related parties, plus a related party transfer pricing markup.

Selling, general and administrative expenses — Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of administrative personnel and officers’ salaries and benefits including performance bonuses, legal and audit expenses, insurance, operating lease expenses (mainly facilities and vehicles) and other facility costs.

Related party expenses — Related party expenses primarily consist of the shared service cost, service fee, royalties and related party management fee which was replaced by the related party service fee in connection with the Business Combination.

Depreciation and amortization — Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets expenses consist of depreciation of property and equipment and amortization of client relationship asset.

Interest expense, net — Interest expense consists of interest related to pensions, debt, and finance leases.

Related party interest expense — Related party interest expense consists of interest incurred on amounts due to related parties.

Foreign exchange losses, net — Foreign exchange losses, net is comprised of losses and gains due to foreign currency remeasurement that are netted together for reporting purposes.

Table of Contents

Changes in fair value of warrant liability – Changes in fair value of warrant liability represents the mark-to-market fair value adjustments to the outstanding Private Warrants issued as part of the consummation of the Business Combination. The change in fair value of Private Warrants is primarily the result of the change in the underlying stock price of our stock used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The warrant is remeasured at the end of each subsequent reporting period.

Pension income, net — Pension income, net consists of expected return on employee benefit plan assets, amortization of prior service cost and amortization of net loss.

Income tax expense — Income taxes consist primarily of income taxes related to federal, and foreign jurisdictions in which the Company conducts its business. The Company maintains a full valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets for its U.S. federal taxes and certain foreign and state taxes as the Company has concluded that it is not more likely than not that the deferred assets will be utilized.

Results of Operations

Three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to three months ended March 31, 2024 (US dollars in thousands)


	Three months ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Revenue:
Bills and Payments	$	26,311	$	26,637
Technology		11,362		11,476
Revenue, net (including related party revenue of $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively)		37,673		38,113
Cost of revenue:
Bills and Payments		21,145		22,983
Technology		5,173		5,097
Total cost of revenue (including related party cost of revenue of $0.0 million and $0.0 million, respectively, exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		26,318		28,080
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		10,953		6,968
Related party expense		1,562		926
Depreciation and amortization		627		808
Operating profit		(1,787)		1,331
Interest expense, net		1,721		1,417
Related party interest expense, net		23		19
Foreign exchange losses (gains), net		(71)		753
Changes in fair value of warrant liability		2		(37)
Pension income, net		(369)		(423)
Net loss before income taxes		(3,093)		(398)
Income tax expense		762		460
Net loss from continuing operations	$	(3,855)	$	(858)

For the purposes of trend analysis, constant currency refers to the prevailing rate of the US dollar against relevant currencies for the quarter ended March 31, 2024.

Revenue

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, our net revenue on a consolidated basis decreased by $0.4 million, or 1.2%, to $37.7 million (including related party revenue of $0.1 million) from $38.1 million (including related party revenue of $0.0 million) for the three months ended March 31, 2024. On a constant currency basis, net revenue increased by $0.3 million or 0.9%, offset by the negative impact of foreign currency of $0.8 million or 2.0%.

Table of Contents

Bills & Payments and Technology segments constituted 69.8%, and 30.2%, respectively, of our total net revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to 69.9%, and 30.1%, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The revenue changes by reporting segment were as follows:

Bills & Payments — Net revenue attributable to bills and payments segment was $26.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to $26.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The revenue decline of $0.3 million or 1.2%, is primarily attributable to negative impact of foreign currency accounting, offset by the positive impact of newly won business, some of which is in early stage of ramp. On a constant currency basis, revenue increased by $0.3 million or 1.2%, offset by the negative impact of foreign currency of $0.6 million or 2.4%.

Technology — For the three months ended March 31, 2025, net revenue attributable to the Technology segment decreased by $0.1 million or 1.0%, to $11.4 million from $11.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The revenue decline in the Technology segment was largely due to the negative impact of foreign currency and lower license sales offset by higher implementation and professional services revenue. On a constant currency basis, revenue increased by $0.0 million or 0.1%, offset by the negative impact of foreign currency of $0.1 million or 1.1%.

Cost of Revenue

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, the cost of revenue decreased by $1.8 million, or 6.3%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024. On a constant currency basis, total cost of revenue decreased by $1.1 million or 3.9%, with the positive impact of foreign currency accounting for additional reduction of $0.7 million or 2.3%, when compared to the cost of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

In the Bills & Payments segments, the decrease was primarily attributable to improved operational leverage, reduced cost resulting from completed projects with higher levels of automation applied, and optimization efforts coupled with the positive impact of foreign currency accounting. Costs to the Bills & Payments segment decreased by $1.8 million, or 8.0%. On a constant currency basis, cost of revenue at the Bills & Payments segment declined by $1.3 million or 5.7%, and the positive impact of foreign currency accounting reduced cost of revenue by $0.5 million or 2.3%, when compared to the cost of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

The cost of revenue in the Technology segment increased by $0.1 million, or 1.5%, primarily due to the change in the revenue mix within the Technology segment as well as investment in new technology resources. On a constant currency basis, cost of revenue at the Technology segment increased by $0.2 million or 4.2%, offset by the positive impact of foreign currency accounting for $0.1 million or 2.7%.

The decrease in cost of revenues as a percent of revenue on a consolidated basis was primarily due to a change in the revenue mix, automation, and executed savings initiative. Cost of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was 69.9% of revenue compared to 73.7% of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A expenses”) increased by $4.0 million, or 57.2%, to $11.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to $7.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase was primarily attributable to $3.8 million of stock-based compensation recorded in the quarter. Excluding this item, SG&A expenses of $7.1 million were $0.2 million or 2.4% higher compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase was primarily driven by increased investments in the sales team, offset by cost optimization initiatives which resulted in reduced operating lease and facility expenses. SG&A expenses increased as a percentage of revenue to 29.1% (18.9% excluding non-cash equity compensation) for the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to 18.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Related Party Expense

Related party expense was $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase was primarily driven by the expansion of Center of Excellence

Table of Contents

(COE), which includes consolidating financial processes to strengthen the controls framework, as well as two new related party services as described in Note 19 – Related Parties.

Depreciation and Amortization

Total depreciation and amortization expense was $0.6 million and $0.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease in total depreciation and amortization expense by $0.2 million was primarily due to a decrease in amortization expense related to outsource contract costs during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Interest Expense

Interest expense was $1.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, largely due to an increase in borrowing costs as a result of higher borrowings under the 2024 Credit Facilities and higher pension interest cost during the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Related Party Interest Expense, Net

Related party interest expense, net was $23 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to related party interest expense, net of $19 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Foreign Exchange Losses (Gains), net

Foreign exchange gain was $71 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to foreign exchange losses of $0.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily due to a higher unrealized exchange gains for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Changes in fair value of warrant liability

The change in fair value of warrant liability during the three months ended March 31, 2025 was a gain of $2 thousand. The change in fair value of warrant liability resulted from the remeasurement of the Private Warrant liability between December 31, 2024 and the end of the reporting period, March 31, 2025.

Pension Income, net

Pension income, net was $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to pension income, net of $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Income Tax Expense

The Company had an income tax expense of $0.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to an income tax expense of $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase in the income tax expenses for the current period was primarily due to higher profitability in the U.K., the Netherlands, and Germany.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 cash and cash equivalents totaled $9.7 million and $12.1 million, respectively.

Table of Contents

The Company currently expects to spend approximately $2.0 to $3.0 million on total capital expenditures and capitalizable contracts set-up cost over the next twelve months. The Company will continue to evaluate additional capital expenditure needs that may arise.

As of March 31, 2025, and in comparison to December 31, 2024, total debt increased by $0.8 million primarily due to borrowings under the 2024 Senior Credit Facilities and Revolving Credit Facilities. (See “Indebtedness” below).

The Company has utilized COVID-19 relief measures in various European jurisdictions, including permitted deferrals of certain payroll, social security and value added taxes. At the end of the third quarter 2024, the Company paid a significant portion of these deferred payroll taxes, social security and value added taxes. The remaining balance of deferred payroll taxes, social security and value added taxes is expected to be paid by April 2027, or later, as per deferment timeline as established by local laws and regulations.

The Company believes the current cash, cash equivalents and cash flows from financing activities are sufficient to meet the Company’s working capital and capital expenditure requirements for a period of at least twelve months. To the extent existing cash, cash from operations, and amounts available for borrowing are insufficient to fund future activities, the Company may need to raise additional capital. The Company may require funding for a variety of reasons, including, but not limited to, cost overruns for reasons outside of its control and it may experience slower sales than anticipated. If the Company’s current cash on hand is not sufficient to meet its financing requirements for the next twelve months, it may have to raise funds to allow it to continue to operate its business and execute on its business plan. The Company cannot be certain that funding will be available on acceptable terms or at all particularly given the amount of Company securities being offered, the terms of such securities and the potential duration of any offering. To the extent that the Company raises additional funds by issuing equity securities, its stockholders may experience significant dilution. Any debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants that may impact the Company’s ability to conduct business or return capital to investors. If the Company is unable to raise additional capital on acceptable terms, it may have to significantly scale back, delay or discontinue certain businesses, restrict its operations or obtain funds by entering into agreements on unattractive terms.

Cash Flows

Our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows include cash flows related to the disposable group. Significant non-cash items and capital expenditures of discontinued operations related to our disposable group are presented separately in Note 3 - Discontinued Operations of the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report.

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:


	Three months ended March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2025		2024		Change
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(929)	$	(3,610)	$	2,681
Net cash used in investing activities		(1,091)		(385)		(706)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(450)		678		(1,128)
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents		90		(87)		177
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	$	(2,380)	$	(3,404)	$	1,024

Analysis of Cash Flow Changes between the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024

Operating Activities — Net cash used in operating activities was $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to net cash used by operating activities of $3.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The decrease of $2.7 million in cash used in operating activities was largely due to higher inflows from accrued expenses and other liabilities, partially offset by higher outflows from accounts receivable.

Investing Activities — Net cash used in investing activities was $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to net cash used in investing activities of $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Table of Contents

The increase of $0.7 million in cash used in investing activities was primarily due to higher additions of property, plant and equipment during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Financing Activities — Net cash used in financing activities was $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase of $1.1 million in net cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was primarily due to higher principal payments on the 2024 Senior Credit Facilities and 2024 Term Loan Facilities.

Indebtedness

Secured Borrowing Facility

As of March 31, 2025, the Company’s outstanding factored accounts receivable amounted to approximately $10.1 million pursuant to the Amended Factoring Agreement, representing the face value of the invoices. The Company recognizes factoring costs upon disbursement of funds. The Company incurred a loss on sale of accounts receivables including expenses pursuant to the Amended Factoring Agreement totaling approximately $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 which is presented in selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) on the condensed combined and consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

2024 Facilities Agreement

In June 2024, XBP Europe, Inc. a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, together with certain other subsidiaries (the “XBP Group”), entered into a Facilities Agreement (the “2024 Facilities Agreement”) with HSBC UK Bank plc (“HSBC”) for a £15.0 million and €10.5 million Secured Credit Facility consisting of (i) a single draw, secured Term Loan A facility in an aggregate principal amount of £3.0 million (the “2024 Term Loan A Facility”), (ii) a single draw, secured Term Loan B facility in an aggregate principal amount of €10.5 million (the “2024 Term Loan B Facility”, collectively with the 2024 Term Loan A Facility, the “2024 Term Loan Facilities”) and (iii) a multi-draw, multi-currency secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of £12.0 million (the “2024 Revolving Credit Facility”), and, together with the 2024 Term Loan Facilities, (the “2024 Senior Credit Facilities”). The 2024 Term Loan Facilities mature on June 26, 2028 and the 2024 Revolving Credit Facility matures on June 26, 2027, with certain extension rights at the discretion of HSBC. An additional £14.0 million of credit under the 2024 Revolving Credit Facility may be made available at HSBC’s discretion for specific purposes as per the 2024 Facilities Agreement.

Table of Contents

Except as otherwise provided by applicable law, all obligations under the 2024 Facilities Agreement are jointly and severally unconditionally guaranteed by each member of the XBP Group.

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31 2024, the Revolving Working Capital Loan Facility had an outstanding balance of $2.6 million, and $2.2 million, respectively.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company repaid $0.2 million and $0.6 million of outstanding principal amount under the 2024 Term Loan A Facility and 2024 Term Loan B Facility, respectively.

Changes to Covenant Ratios and Compliance

The Company is not aware of any changes in the required covenant ratio under the 2024 Senior Credit Facilities at future compliance dates. The Company continually monitors its compliance with the covenants. The Company believes it will remain in compliance with all such covenants for the next 12 months based on the expected future

Table of Contents

performance; however, due to the inherent uncertainty, management’s estimates of the achievement of its financial covenants may change in the future. The Company believes there are multiple mechanisms available to the Company in case of non-compliance with the provisions of any of its debt covenants, which would ensure ongoing sufficient liquidity for the Company, including but not limited to, entering into bona fide negotiations with its lenders to amend the existing facilities as appropriate, refinancing existing credit facilities with alternative providers of capital or curing any potential breaches.

Restructuring Activities

In the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company’s management approved a restructuring plan to realign the Company’s business and strategic priorities by rightsizing its workforce in certain regions. Costs and liabilities associated with management-approved restructuring activities are recognized when they are incurred. One-time employee termination costs are recognized at the time of communication to employees, unless future service is required, in which case the costs are recognized ratably over the future service period. Ongoing employee termination benefits are recognized as a liability when it is probable that a liability exists and the amount is reasonably estimable. Restructuring charges are recognized as an operating expense within the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 and related liabilities are recorded within accrued compensation and benefits on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023. The Company periodically evaluates and, if necessary, adjusts its estimates based on currently available information.

Potential Future Transactions

We may, from time to time, explore and evaluate possible strategic transactions, which may include joint ventures, as well as business combinations or the acquisition or disposition of assets. In order to pursue certain of these opportunities, additional funds will likely be required. Subject to applicable contractual restrictions, to obtain such financing, we may seek to use cash on hand, or we may seek to raise additional debt or equity financing through private placements or through underwritten offerings. There can be no assurance that we will enter into additional strategic transactions or alliances, nor do we know if we will be able to obtain the necessary financing for transactions that require additional funds on favorable terms, if at all. In addition, pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement that we entered into in connection with the closing of the Business Combination, certain of our stockholders have the right to demand underwritten offerings of our Common Stock. We may from time to time in the future explore, with certain of those stockholders the possibility of an underwritten public offering of our Common Stock held by those stockholders. There can be no assurance as to whether or when an offering may be commenced or completed, or as to the actual size or terms of the offering.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements requires the use of judgments and estimates. The critical accounting policies provide a better understanding of how the Company develops its assumptions and judgments about future events and related estimations and how they can impact the Company’s financial statements. A critical accounting estimate is one that requires subjective or complex estimates and assessments and is fundamental to the Company’s results of operations. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions it believes to be reasonable according to the current facts and circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The Company believes the current assumptions, judgments and estimates used to determine amounts reflected in the condensed consolidated financial statements are appropriate; however, actual results may differ under different conditions. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Company’s financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report. Refer to “Critical Accounting Estimates” contained in Part II, Item 7 of our 2024 Form 10-K for a complete discussion of critical accounting estimates. There have been no material changes to 2024 Form 10-K.

Table of Contents

Emerging Growth Company Status

The Jumpstart our Business Startups Act provides that a company can choose not to take advantage of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies, and any such election to not take advantage of the extended transition period is irrevocable.

The Company is an “emerging growth company” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act and has elected to take advantage of the benefits of the extended transition period for new or revised financial accounting standards, although it may decide to early adopt such new or revised accounting standards to the extent permitted by such standards. This may make it difficult or impossible to compare the Company’s financial results with the financial results of another public company that is either not an emerging growth company or is an emerging growth company that has chosen not to take advantage of the extended transition period exemptions because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

Table of Contents

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk

There have been no material changes to the Company’s market risk during the three months ended March 31, 2025. For a discussion of the Company’s exposure to market risk, refer to the Company’s market risk disclosures set forth in Part II, Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” of the 2024 Form 10-K.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and our Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2025. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated,can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and our management necessarily applies its judgement in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on such review and evaluation, our CEO and our CFO have concluded that as of March 31, 2025, our internal controls were effective at the reasonable assurance level for this purpose.

Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

There was no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2025 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Table of Contents

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Subsidiary Litigation

In March 2023, 67 claimants (after the in principle settlement was agreed with the first 4 claimants) filed an application for summary proceedings in respect of part of the claim for a total claim of $1.1 million. The summary proceedings hearing was held on April 11, 2023 and the court issued its decision on May 9, 2023 upholding all of the plaintiffs’ claims for a total amount of $1.1 million. However, the court’s decision did not increase the Company’s anticipated exposure for the overall claim. The Company has appealed against the decision (and paid the amount of $1.1 million to 66 of the 67 claimants, as settlement agreement in principle was subsequently reached with one further claimant on November 10, 2023 pending the appeal). Since the majority of the claimants concluded settlement agreements with the Company, the appeal proceedings pertain only to 15 remaining claimants who have not settled. The next hearing, pertaining only to the remaining claimants who have not concluded settlement agreements with the Company, is scheduled for June 2, 2025.

In addition to the above, the substantive hearing was held on February 16, 2024 and a decision was made on June 28, 2024. The Company has appealed the decision from that substantive hearing.

The Company reached a number of settlements with 56 claimants prior to the court’s June 2024 decision and approximately $1.8 million was paid to such claimants in addition to the amounts paid as part of the summary proceedings. The court awarded $1.2 million to the claimants who had not settled before the court’s decision and, after the deduction of the amounts already paid to such claimants, $1.0 million remain to be paid by the Company. The Company will also be responsible for up to three months’ unemployment allowance paid to these claimants by the unemployment fund, which is not expected to significantly increase the Company’s total costs. The Company has appealed the decision. The Company accrued $1.0 million and $1.0 million in accrued liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, based on the estimate of the range of possible losses.

Other

We are, from time to time, involved in other legal proceedings, inquiries, claims and disputes, which arise in the ordinary course of business. Although our management cannot predict the outcomes of these matters, our management believes these actions will not have a material, adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

In addition to the other information set forth in this quarterly report, you should carefully consider the risk factors described in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the 2024 Form 10-K, which could materially affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results. The risks described in those Risk Factors are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

Table of Contents

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALE OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

(c) Director and Officer Trading Arrangements

During the three-month period ended March 31, 2025, none of our directors or officers adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.

Table of Contents

PART IV

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit No.		Description

31.1*		Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*		Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1*		Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2*		Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS		XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document).

* Filed or furnished herewith, as applicable.

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


Dated:	By:	/s/ Andrej Jonovic
May 15, 2025		Andrej Jonovic, Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)


Dated:	By:	/s/ Dejan Avramovic
May 15, 2025		Dejan Avramovic, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)