EX-96.2 53 ex962.htm EX-96.2 ex962
 
ex962p1i0.jpg
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300
 
as of December
31, 2021
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
February 2022
Prepared for:
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
100 Bill Baker Way
 
Beckley, West
 
Virginia 25801
Prepared by:
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
582 Industrial Park Road
Bluefield, Virginia
 
24605
www.mma1.com
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
1
Statement of Use and Preparation
This
 
Technical
 
Report
 
Summary
 
(
TRS
)
 
was
 
prepared
 
by
Marshall
 
Miller
 
&
 
Associates,
Inc.
 
(
MM&A
)
 
for
 
the
 
sole
 
use
 
of
Coronado
 
Global
 
Resources
 
Inc.
 
(
Coronado
)
and
 
its
affiliated
 
and
 
subsidiary
 
companies
 
and
 
advisors.
 
Copies
 
or
 
references
 
to
 
information
 
in
this report may not be used without the written permission of Coronado.
This
 
report
 
provides
 
a
 
statement
 
of
 
coal
 
resources
 
and
 
coal
 
reserves
 
for
 
Coronado,
 
as
defined
 
under
 
the
Australasian
 
Code
 
for
 
Reporting
 
of
 
Exploration
 
Results,
 
Mineral
Resources and Ore Reserves
(
JORC Code
) as well as under
 
Subpart 1300 of Regulation
S-K
 
(Regulation
 
S-K
 
1300)
 
promulgated
 
by
the
United
 
States
 
Securities
 
and
 
Exchange
Commission
 
(
SEC
)
.
 
Subject
 
to
 
the
 
comments
 
below,
 
this
 
report
 
was
 
also
 
prepared
 
in
accordance with
 
the
Australasian Code
 
for Public
 
Reporting of
 
Technical Assessments
and Valuations of Mineral Assets
(
VALMIN Code
).
 
The statement is
 
based on information
 
provided by Coronado and
 
reviewed by Michael
 
G.
McClure, CPG; and Justin S. Douthat, PE, MBA.
As
 
noted
 
above,
 
this
 
report
 
is
 
a
 
“Public
 
Report”
 
for
 
the
 
purposes
 
of
 
the
 
VALMIN
 
Code.
 
However, in accordance with
 
paragraph 12.1
 
of the VALMIN Code,
 
it is
 
noted that
 
this report
is
 
not
 
a
 
“Valuation
 
of
 
Mineral
 
Assets”
 
and
 
it
 
also
 
does
 
not
 
comply
 
with
 
the
 
following
requirements that apply to “Technical
 
Assessments” (as defined in the VALMIN Code):
This report does not include a determination of the status of tenure (as required by
paragraph 7.2 of the VALMIN Code) on the basis that tenure was separately reviewed
by Coronado’s legal advisors.
This report does
 
not include separate
 
commentary on the
 
reasonableness and quality
 
of the
Resources
 
and
 
Reserves estimates
 
and
 
the basis
 
on
 
which
 
they have
 
been
 
reported (as
required
 
by
 
paragraph
 
7.3
 
of
 
the
 
VALMIN
 
Code)
.
 
MM&A
 
did
 
not
 
consider
 
that
 
this
 
was
appropriate
 
in
 
circumstances
 
where
 
MM&A
 
was
 
engaged
 
for
 
the
 
specific
 
purpose
 
of
preparing those estimates and the Resource estimates were prepared
 
by Michael McClure
and the Reserve
 
estimates were prepared
 
by Justin Douthat,
 
both of whom
 
are authors of
this report.
 
However,
 
MM&A notes
 
that, in
 
accordance with
 
its usual
 
practice, a
 
separate
team of
 
MM&A employees
 
undertook a
 
peer review
 
of this
 
report and
 
confirmed that
 
both
the
 
process
 
followed
 
by
 
the
 
authors
 
of
 
this
 
report
 
and
 
the
 
estimates
 
prepared
 
were
reasonable and comply with the requirements of the JORC Code.
 
Justin Douthat is a licensed
 
Professional Engineers and Registered Member
 
of the
Society
of
 
Mining
 
Engineers
 
(
SME
)
,
 
Golden,
 
Colorado,
 
USA.
 
Michael
 
McClure
 
is
 
a
 
Registered
Member of
 
the
American Institute
 
of Professional
 
Geologists
(
AIPG
)
.
 
SME and
 
AIPG
are
Recognized
 
Professional
 
Organizations
 
(
RPOs
)
.
 
Both
 
are
 
full-time
 
employees
 
of
Marshall Miller & Associates, Inc. and recognized as a
Qualified Persons
(
QPs
).
The information
 
in this
 
TRS related
 
to coal
 
resources and
 
reserves is
 
based on,
 
and fairly
represents, information
 
compiled by the
 
QPs.
 
At the time
 
of reporting, MM&A’s
 
QPs have
sufficient
 
experience
 
relevant
 
to
 
the
 
style
 
of
 
mineralization
 
and
 
type
 
of
 
deposit
 
under
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
2
consideration and
 
to the
 
activity they are
 
undertaking to qualify
 
as a QP
 
as defined by
 
the
SEC and the
 
JORC Code.
 
Each QP consents
 
to the inclusion
 
in this report
 
of the matters
based on their information in the form and context in which it appears.
Marshall Miller & Associates, Inc. (
MM&A
)
 
hereby consents to the use of the information
contained in
 
this report
 
dated December
 
31, 2021,
 
relating to
 
estimates of
 
coal resources
and coal reserves controlled by Coronado.
 
 
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
3
This report was prepared by:
 
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
/s/ Michael G. McClure
February 18, 2022
Michael G. McClure, CPG
Principal Geologist
Direct Line: +1 304 809 1611
Date of Signature
/s/ Justin S. Douthat
February 18, 2022
Justin S. Douthat, PE, MBA
Executive Vice President
Direct Line: +1 304 809 0597
Email:
 
Date of Signature
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
1
Table of
 
Contents
1
Executive Summary
1
1.1
Property Description
1
1.2
Ownership
2
1.3
Geology
2
1.4
Exploration Status
3
1.5
Operations and Development
3
1.6
Mineral Resource
3
1.7
Mineral Reserve
4
1.8
Capital Summary
5
1.9
Operating Costs
5
1.1
Economic Evaluation
6
1.10.1
Discounted Cash Flow Analysis
9
1.10.2
Sensitivity Analysis
9
1.11
Permitting
10
1.12
Conclusion and Recommendations
10
2
Introduction
10
2.1
Registrant and Terms
 
of Reference
10
2.2
Information Sources
11
2.3
Personal Inspections
11
3
Property Description
11
3.1
Location
11
3.2
Titles, Claims or Leases
12
3.3
Mineral Rights
12
3.4
Encumbrances
13
3.5
Other Risks
13
4
Accessibility, Climate, Local Resources, Infrastructure and Physiography
13
4.1
Topography,
 
Elevation, and Vegetation
13
4.2
Access and Transport
13
4.3
Proximity to Population Centers
14
4.4
Climate and Length of Operating Season
14
4.5
Infrastructure
14
5
History
14
5.1
Previous Operation
14
5.2
Previous Exploration
15
6
Geological Setting, Mineralization and Deposit
15
6.1
Regional, Local and Property Geology
15
6.2
Mineralization
15
6.3
Deposits
16
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
2
7
Exploration
17
7.1
Nature and Extent of Exploration
17
7.2
Non-Drilling Procedures and Parameters
19
7.3
Drilling Procedures
19
7.4
Hydrology
19
7.5
Geotechnical Data
20
8
Sample Preparation, Analyses and Security
20
8.1
Prior to Sending to the Lab
20
8.2
Lab Procedures
20
9
Data Verification
21
9.1
Procedures of Qualified Person
21
9.2
Limitations
21
9.3
Opinion of Qualified Person
21
10
Mineral Processing and Metallurgical Testing
22
10.1
Testing
 
Procedures
22
10.2
Relationship of Tests
 
to the Whole
22
10.3
Lab Information
23
10.4
Relevant Results
23
11
Mineral Resource Estimates
23
11.1
Assumptions, Parameters and Methodology
23
11.1.1
Geostatistical Analysis for Classification
24
11.2
Qualified Person’s Estimates
28
11.3
Resources Exclusive of Reserves
28
11.3.1
Initial Economic Assessment
28
11.4
Qualified Person’s Opinion
29
12
Mineral Reserve Estimates
30
12.1
Assumptions, Parameters and Methodology
30
12.2
Qualified Person’s Estimates
31
12.3
Qualified Person’s Opinion
32
13
Mining Methods
33
13.1
Geotech and Hydrology
33
13.2
Production Rates
33
13.3
Mining Related Requirements
34
13.4
Required Equipment and Personnel
34
14
Processing and Recovery Methods
35
14.1
Description or Flowsheet
35
14.2
Requirements for Energy,
 
Water,
 
Material and Personnel
35
15
Infrastructure
36
16
Market Studies
37
16.1
Market Description
37
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
3
16.2
Price Forecasts
37
16.3
Contract Requirements
38
17
Environmental Studies, Permitting and Plans, Negotiations or Agreements
with Local Individuals
38
17.1
Results of Studies
38
17.2
Requirements and Plans for Waste Disposal
38
17.3
Permit Requirements and Status
38
17.4
Local Plans, Negotiations or Agreements
40
17.5
Mine Closure Plans
40
17.6
Qualified Person’s Opinion
40
18
Capital and Operating Costs
40
18.1
Capital Cost Estimate
40
18.2
Operating Cost Estimate
41
19
Economic Analysis
42
19.1
Assumptions, Parameters and Methods
42
19.2
Results
44
19.3
Sensitivity
47
20
Adjacent Properties
47
20.1
Information used
47
21
Other Relevant Data and Information
48
22
Interpretation and Conclusions
48
22.1
Conclusion
48
22.2
Risk Factors
48
22.2.1
Governing Assumptions
49
22.2.2
Limitations
50
22.2.3
Methodology
50
22.2.4
Development of the Risk Matrix
51
22.2.5
Categorization of Risk Levels and Color Code Convention
53
22.2.6
Description of the Coal Property
53
22.2.7
Summary of Residual Risk Ratings
54
22.2.8
Risk Factors
54
23
Recommendations
60
24
References
60
25
Reliance on Information Provided by the Registrant
60
Figures (in Report)
Figure 1-1:
 
Coronado Buchanan Mine Complex Property Location Map
2
Figure 1-2:
 
CAPEX
5
Figure 1-3:
 
OPEX
6
Figure 1-4:
 
Sensitivity of NPV
9
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
4
Figure 6-1:
 
Buchanan Stratigraphic Column
16
Figure 7-1: Generalized Buchanan Cross-Section
18
Figure 11-1:
 
Histogram of the Total
 
Seam Thickness for the Pocahontas No. 3
Seam Present in the Buchanan Mine Complex
25
Figure 11-2:
 
Scatter plot of the Total
 
Seam Thickness for the Pocahontas No. 3
Seam Present in the Buchanan Mine Complex
25
Figure 11-3: Variogram
 
of the Total
 
Seam Thickness for the Pocahontas No. 3
Seam
 
Present in the Buchanan Mine Complex
26
Figure 11-4: Result of DHSA for the Pocahontas No. 3 Seam Present in the
Buchanan Mine Complex
27
Figure 11-5:
 
Results of Initial Economic Assessment
29
Figure 15-1:
 
Buchanan Surface Facilities
36
Figure 18-1:
 
CAPEX
41
Figure 19-1:
 
Cash Costs per Tonne
44
Figure 19-2:
 
Sensitivity of NPV
47
Tables
 
(in Report)
Table
 
1-1:
 
Coal Resources Summary as of December 31, 2021
3
Table
 
1-2:
 
Coal ROM (Moist) Summary as of December 31, 2021
4
Table
 
1-3:
 
Coal Reserves Summary (Marketable Sales Basis) as of December 31,
2021
4
Table
 
1-4:
 
Life-of-Mine Tonn
 
age, P&L before Tax,
 
and EBITDA
7
Table
 
1-5:
 
Project Cash Flow Summary (000)
7
Table
 
11-1:
 
General Reserve and Resource Criteria
24
Table
 
11-2:
 
DHSA Results Summary for Radius from a Central Point
27
Table
 
11-3:
 
Coal Resources Summary as of December 31, 2021
28
Table
 
11-4:
 
Results of Initial Economic Assessment
29
Table
 
12-1:
 
Coal ROM (Moist) Summary as of December 31, 2021
32
Table
 
12-2:
 
Coal Reserves Summary (Marketable Sales Basis) as of December
31, 2021
32
Table
 
13-1:
 
Summary of Production by Year (Tonnes
 
x 1,000)
34
Table
 
16-1:
 
Quality Specifications by Product
37
Table
 
17-1:
 
Buchanan Mining Permit
39
Table
 
18-1:
 
Estimated Coal Production Taxes
 
and Sales Costs
42
Table
 
18-2:
 
Buchanan Mine Operating Costs
42
Table
 
19-1:
 
Life-of-Mine Tonnage,
 
P&L before Tax,
 
and EBITDA
45
Table
 
19-2:
 
Summary of Buchanan Key Financial Performance Metrics (2022-
2029)
45
Table
 
19-3:
 
Project Cash Flow Summary (000)
46
Table
 
22-1:
 
Probability Level Table
51
Table
 
22-2:
 
Consequence Level Table
52
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
5
Table
 
22-3:
 
Risk Matrix
53
Table
 
22-4:
 
Risk Assessment Matrix
54
Table
 
22-5:
 
Geological and Coal Resource Risk Assessment (Risks 1 and 2)
55
Table
 
22-6:
 
Environmental (Risks 3 and 4)
56
Table
 
22-7:
 
Regulatory Requirements (Risk 5)
56
Table
 
22-8:
 
Market and Transportation (Risk 6)
57
Table
 
22-9:
 
Market and Transportation (Risk 7)
57
Table
 
22-10:
 
Methane Management (Risk 8)
58
Table
 
22-11:
 
Mine Fires (Risk 9)
58
Table
 
22-12:
 
Availability of Supplies and Equipment (Risk 10)
59
Table
 
22-13:
 
Labor – Work Stoppage (Risk 11)
59
Table
 
22-14:
 
Labor – Retirement (Risk 12)
60
Table
 
25-1:
 
Information from Registrant Relied Upon by MM&A
61
Appendices
A
Biographies
B
Map
C
Glossary of Terms
D
Initial Economic Assessment for Resources Exclusive of Reserves
E
JORC Table
 
1
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
1
1
Executive Summary
1.1
 
Property Description
Coronado Global Resources Inc. (
Coronado
)
authorized
Marshall Miller & Associates,
Inc.
 
(
MM&A
)
to
 
prepare
 
this
 
Technical
 
Report
 
Summary
 
(
TRS
)
 
of
 
its
 
controlled
 
coal
resources and
 
reserves located
 
at the
Buchanan Division
 
(
Buchanan
)
 
in Buchanan
 
and
Tazewell
 
Counties,
 
Virginia
 
(the
Property
).
 
This
 
report
 
provides
 
a
 
statement
 
of
 
coal
resources
 
and
 
coal
 
reserves
 
for
 
Coronado, as
 
defined
 
under
 
the
Australasian
 
Code
 
for
Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral
 
Resources and Ore Reserves
(
JORC Code
)
as well as
 
under Subpart 1300
 
of Regulation S-K
 
(Regulation S-K 1300)
 
promulgated by the
United
 
States
 
Securities
 
and
 
Exchange
 
Commission
 
(
SEC
)
.
 
This
 
report
 
was
 
also
prepared
 
in accordance
 
with the
Australasian Code
 
for Public
 
Reporting of
 
Technical
Assessments and Valuations of Mineral Assets
(
VALMIN Code
).
Coal resources and coal reserves
 
are herein reported in imperial
 
units of measurement and
are rounded to millions of metric tonnes (
Mt
).
 
The Buchanan
 
No. 1
 
Mine Complex
 
is located
 
in Buchanan
 
County in
 
southwest Virginia.
 
The
 
Property
 
is
 
24
 
kilometers
 
northwest
 
of
 
the
 
town
 
of
 
Richlands,
 
Virginia
 
and
 
65.9
kilometers
 
southeast
 
of
 
Pikeville,
 
Kentucky.
 
The
 
nearest
 
major
 
population
 
centers
 
are
Lexington,
 
Kentucky
 
(290
 
kilometers
 
northwest)
 
and
 
Roanoke,
 
Virginia
 
(153
 
kilometers
northeast)
 
(see
Figure
 
1-1
).
 
The
 
Property
 
is
 
composed
 
of
 
approximately
 
34,089
 
total
hectares,
 
of
 
which
 
26,243
 
are
 
leased
 
or
 
subleased
 
from
 
private
 
landholders
 
under
approximately 150 individual coal
 
lease tracts, and
 
7,846 hectares are
 
owned by Coronado.
 
Subject to
 
Coronado’s exercising
 
its renewal
 
rights thereunder,
 
all the
 
leases expire
 
upon
exhaustion of the relevant coal reserves, which is expected to occur in 2047.
 
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg ex962p11i1.jpg
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
2
Figure 1-1:
 
Coronado Buchanan Mine Complex Property Location
 
Map
1.2
 
Ownership
The Property was formerly controlled by
Consolidation Coal Company (
CONSOL
)
.
 
Mine
development
 
was
 
started
 
by
 
CONSOL
 
in
 
1983
 
and
 
longwall
 
production
 
began
 
in
 
1987.
 
Coronado acquired the Buchanan Mine from CONSOL in March 2016.
1.3
 
Geology
Operations
 
at
 
the
 
Buchanan
 
Mine
 
Complex
 
extract
 
the
 
Pocahontas
 
No.
 
3
 
coal
 
bed
 
by
longwall mining
 
methods.
 
Strata of
 
economic interest
 
for this
 
TRS are
 
of the
 
Pennsylvanian-
age
 
Pocahontas
 
Formation
 
and
 
the
 
subject
 
Pocahontas
 
No.
 
3
 
seam
 
is
 
the
 
principal
 
coal
seam of
 
that formation.
 
Due to
 
the high
 
value of
 
this low-volatile
 
coking coal,
 
it has
 
been
extensively
 
mined
 
in
 
the
 
region.
 
The
 
seam
 
is
 
situated
 
below
 
drainage
 
throughout
 
the
Property and is accessed by existing mine shafts.
1.4
 
Exploration Status
The
 
Property
 
has
 
been
 
extensively
 
explored,
 
largely
 
by
 
drilling
 
using
 
continuous
 
coring
methods,
 
rotary
 
drilling
 
but
 
also
 
by
 
obtaining
 
coal
 
measurements
 
at
 
mine
 
exposures,
ongoing
 
drilling
 
associated
 
with
 
degas
 
activities,
 
and
 
by
 
downhole
 
geophysical
 
methods.
 
The
 
majority
 
of
 
the
 
data
 
was
 
acquired
 
or
 
generated
 
by
 
previous
 
owners
 
of
 
the
 
Property.
 
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
3
These sources comprise the primary
 
data used in the evaluation of
 
the coal resources and
coal reserves
 
on the Property.
 
MM&A examined
 
the data available
 
for the
 
evaluation and
incorporated all pertinent information into
 
this TRS.
 
Where data appeared to be
 
anomalous
or
 
not
 
representative, that
 
data
 
was
 
excluded
 
from the
 
digital
 
databases
 
and
 
subsequent
processing by MM&A.
 
Ongoing exploration has been
 
carried out by
 
Coronado since acquiring the
 
Buchanan Mine.
 
The exploration data acquired by Coronado has been consistent with past drilling activities.
1.5
 
Operations and Development
Due to its coal reserve and
 
seam characteristics, the Buchanan No. 1 Mine
 
operates using
the longwall method.
 
The model was therefore generated
 
with longwall-mining constraints
in mind for Buchanan’s underground resources.
 
The mine produces coal that
 
is suitable for
the low-volatile metallurgical coal markets.
The Buchanan
 
No. 1
 
Mine in
 
Buchanan
 
County,
 
Virginia,
 
is the
 
only active
 
longwall mine
currently being operated by Coronado.
Coronado
 
currently operates
 
a
 
coal preparation
 
plant
 
at Buchanan.
 
The Buchanan
 
Plant
operates at
 
a feed
 
rate of
 
approximately 1,270
 
raw tonnes
 
per hour
 
(
tph)
.
 
Processes are
typical of those used in the coal industry and are in use at adjacent coal processing plants.
1.6
 
Mineral Resource
Mineral resources, representing
 
in-situ coal in
 
which a portion
 
of reserves are
 
derived, are
presented below.
 
A coal resource estimate,
 
summarized in
Table
 
1-1
, was prepared as
 
of
December 31, 2021, for property controlled by Coronado.
Table 1-1:
 
Coal Resources Summary as of December 31, 2021
 
Coal Resource (Dry Tonnes, In Situ, Mt)
Resource Quality (Dry)
Area
Measured
Indicated
Inferred
Total
Ash%
Sulfur%
VM%
Inclusive of Reserves
157.0
19.0
0.0
176.1
25
0.7
16
Exclusive of Reserves
10.7
3.6
0.0
14.3
Total 12/31/2021
167.7
22.6
0.0
190.3
 
Note:
 
Resource tonnes are inclusive of reserve tonnes
 
since they include the in-situ tonnes from which
 
recoverable coal reserves
are derived.
Note 2:
 
Coal resources are reported
 
on a dry basis.
 
Surface moisture and inherent moisture are excluded.
Note 3: The Property contains 14.3 Mt of dry, in-place measured and
 
indicated coal resources exclusive of reserves as
 
of
December 31, 2021.
1.7
 
Mineral Reserve
Reserve
 
tonnage
 
estimates
 
provided
 
herein
 
report
 
coal
 
reserves
 
derived
 
from
 
the
 
in-situ
resource
 
tons presented
 
in
Table
 
1-1
,
 
and not
 
in
 
addition to
 
coal
 
resources.
 
Proven
 
and
probable
 
coal
 
reserves
 
were
 
derived
 
from
 
the
 
defined
 
coal
 
resource
 
considering
 
relevant
mining,
 
processing,
 
infrastructure, economic
 
(including
 
estimates of
 
capital,
 
revenue, and
cost),
 
marketing,
 
legal,
 
environmental,
 
socio-economic
 
and
 
regulatory
 
factors.
 
The
Resource estimate has been used as
 
the basis for this Reserve calculation,
 
which utilizes a
reasonable
 
preliminary
 
feasibility
 
study,
 
a
 
life-of-mine
 
(
LOM
)
 
mine
 
plan
 
and
 
practical
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
4
recovery factors.
 
Production modeling
 
was completed
 
with an
 
effective start
 
date of
 
October
1, 2021.
 
Additions and depletion have been used to bring the Reserve estimate forward to
December 31, 2021.
Factors that would typically preclude conversion of a coal resource
 
to coal reserve, include
the following:
 
inferred resource classification; absence of coal quality; poor mine recovery;
lack of
 
access; geological
 
encumbrances associated
 
with overlying
 
and underlying
 
strata;
seam thinning;
 
structural complication;
 
and insufficient
 
exploration have
 
all been
 
considered.
 
Reserve
 
consideration
 
excludes
 
those
 
portions
 
of
 
the
 
resource
 
area
 
which
 
exhibit
 
the
aforementioned-geological and operational encumbrances.
 
Coal
 
reserves
 
are
 
presented
 
on
 
a
 
run-of-mine
 
(ROM)
 
basis
 
in
Table
 
1-2
.
 
Proven
 
and
probable
 
coal
 
reserves
 
were
 
derived
 
from
 
the
 
defined
 
in-situ
 
coal
 
resource
 
considering
relevant processing, economic (including technical estimates of capital, revenue,
 
and cost),
marketing,
 
legal,
 
environmental,
 
socioeconomic,
 
and
 
regulatory
 
factors.
 
The
 
proven
 
and
probable coal reserves on the Property are summarized below in
Table
 
1-3
.
Table 1-2:
 
Coal ROM (Moist) Summary as of December 31, 2021
 
Demonstrated Coal Reserves (Mt, Moist ROM)
Quality (Dry)
 
By Reliability Category
By Mining Type
By Control Type
Area /
Mine
Proven
Probable
Total
Surface
UG
Owned
Leased
Subleased
Ash
Sulfur
Vol
Buchanan
142.3
17.3
159.6
0.0
159.6
25.8
128.8
5.0
42
0.7
12
Table 1-3:
 
Coal Reserves Summary (Marketable Sales Basis) as of
 
December 31, 2021
 
Demonstrated Coal Reserves (Wet Tons, Washed or Direct Shipped, Mt)
Quality (Dry Basis)
 
By Reliability Category
By Mining Type
By Control Type
Area / Mine
Proven
Probable
Total
Surface
UG
Owned
Leased
Subleased
Ash%
Sulfur%
VM%
Buchanan Mine
Complex
87.4
10.6
98.0
0.0
98.0
17.0
77.5
3.4
6
0.7
19
 
Note: Marketable reserve tonnes are reported
 
on a moist basis, including a combination of
 
surface and inherent moisture.
 
The
combination of surface and inherent moisture is
 
modeled between 4.5 and 6-percent, depending
 
upon mining method.
 
Actual
product moisture is dependent upon multiple geological
 
factors, operational factors, and product contract
 
specifications and can
exceed 8-percent.
 
As such, the modeled moisture values provide a level
 
of conservatism for reserve reporting.
In summary, Coronado controls a total of
 
98.0 Mt (moist basis)
 
of marketable coal reserves,
at Buchanan,
 
as of
 
December 31,
 
2021.
 
Of that
 
total, 89
 
percent are
 
proven, and
 
11 percent
are probable.
 
There are
 
17.0 Mt
 
of owned
 
coal reserves
 
and 77.5
 
Mt of
 
leased coal
 
reserves
and 3.4
 
Mt of
 
subleased reserves.
 
All the
 
Buchanan reserves
 
are considered
 
suitable for
the metallurgical coal market, and all of the Buchanan reserves are assigned.
1.8
 
Capital Summary
Coronado provided MM&A
 
with an inventory
 
of operating equipment
 
available at Buchanan.
 
MM&A’s
 
capital schedules assume that major
 
equipment rebuilds occur over the
 
course of
each machine’s remaining
 
assumed operating life.
 
Replacement equipment was
 
scheduled
based on MM&A’s
 
experience and knowledge of mining equipment and
 
industry standards
with respect to
 
the useful life
 
of such equipment.
 
A summary of
 
the estimated capital
 
for the
Property is provided in
Figure 1-2
 
below.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg ex962p14i1.jpg
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
5
Figure 1-2:
 
CAPEX
1.9
 
Operating Costs
Coronado
 
provided
 
historical
 
and
 
preliminary
 
5-year
 
projections
 
of
 
operating
 
costs
 
for
Buchanan for MM&A’s review.
 
MM&A used the historical
 
and/or budget cost information
 
as
a reference and developed personnel schedules for the mine and
 
support facilities.
 
Hourly
labor
 
rates
 
and
 
salaries
 
were
 
based
 
upon
 
information
 
contained
 
in
 
Coronado’s
 
financial
summaries.
 
Fringe-benefit
 
costs
 
were
 
developed
 
for
 
vacation
 
and
 
holidays,
 
federal
 
and
state
 
unemployment
 
insurance,
 
retirement,
 
workers’
 
compensation
 
and
 
pneumoconiosis,
casualty and
 
life insurance, healthcare,
 
and bonuses.
 
A cost
 
factor for mine
 
supplies was
developed that relates expenditures
 
to mine advance rates
 
for roof-control costs and
 
other
mine-supply costs
 
at underground
 
mines.
 
Other factors
 
were developed
 
for maintenance
and repair costs, rentals, mine power, outside services and other direct mining costs.
 
Operating
 
costs
 
factors
 
were
 
also
 
developed
 
for
 
the
 
coal
 
preparation
 
plant
 
processing,
refuse
 
handling,
 
coal
 
loading,
 
property
 
taxes,
 
and
 
insurance
 
and
 
bonding.
 
Appropriate
royalty
 
rates
 
were
 
assigned
 
for
 
production
 
from
 
leased
 
coal
 
lands,
 
and
 
sales
 
taxes
 
were
calculated for state
 
severance taxes, the
 
federal black lung
 
excise tax, and
 
federal and state
reclamation fees.
A summary of the projected operating costs for the Property is provided in
Figure 1-3
.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg ex962p15i1.jpg
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
6
Figure 1-3:
 
OPEX
1.10
 
Economic Evaluation
The pre-feasibility
 
financial model
 
prepared for
 
this TRS
 
was developed
 
to test
 
the economic
viability
 
of the
 
coal resource
 
area.
 
The results
 
of this
 
financial model
 
are not
 
intended to
represent a bankable feasibility study,
 
required for financing of any current or future mining
operations
 
contemplated
 
for
 
the
 
Coronado
 
properties,
 
but
 
are
 
intended
 
to
 
establish
 
the
economic viability
 
of the estimated
 
coal reserves.
 
Cash flows
 
are simulated
 
on an annual
basis in
 
nominal dollars
 
assuming a
 
2% inflation
 
rate based
 
on projected
 
production from
the
 
coal
 
reserves.
 
The
 
discounted
 
cash
 
flow
 
analysis
 
presented
 
herein
 
is
 
based
 
on
 
an
effective date of January 1, 2022.
 
On
 
an
 
un-levered
 
basis,
 
the
 
net
 
present
 
value
 
(
NPV
)
 
of
 
the
 
project
 
cash
 
flow
 
after
 
taxes
represents
 
the
 
Enterprise
 
Value
 
of
 
the
 
project.
 
The
 
project
 
cash
 
flow,
 
excluding
 
debt
service,
 
is
 
calculated
 
by
 
subtracting
 
direct
 
and
 
indirect
 
operating
 
expenses
 
and
 
capital
expenditures from
 
revenue.
 
Direct costs
 
include labor, operating
 
supplies, maintenance
 
and
repairs, facilities
 
costs for
 
materials handling,
 
coal preparation,
 
refuse disposal,
 
coal loading,
reclamation
 
and
 
general
 
and
 
administrative
 
costs.
 
Indirect
 
costs
 
include
 
statutory
 
and
legally agreed
 
upon fees
 
related to
 
direct extraction
 
of the
 
mineral.
 
The indirect
 
costs are
the
 
federal
 
black
 
lung
 
tax,
 
federal
 
and
 
state
 
reclamation
 
taxes,
 
property
 
taxes,
 
coal
production royalties, and income taxes.
 
Table
 
1-4
 
shows
 
LOM
 
tonnage,
 
profit
 
&
 
loss
 
(
P&L
),
 
and
 
earnings
 
before
 
income
 
tax,
depreciation & amortization (
EBITDA
) for Buchanan.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
7
Table 1-4:
 
Life-of-Mine Tonnage, P&L before Tax, and EBITDA
 
LOM
LOM
P&L
LOM
EBITDA
 
Tonnes
Pre-Tax P&L
Per Tonne
EBITDA
Per Tonne
Buchanan
98,005
$5,181,446
$52.87
$7,073,988
$72.18
As shown in
Table 1-4,
 
the Buchanan Mine shows positive EBITDA over
 
the LOM.
 
Overall,
the Coronado
 
consolidated operations
 
show positive
 
LOM P&L
 
and LOM
 
EBITDA of
 
$5.2
billion and $7.1 billion, respectively.
 
Coronado’s consolidated
 
Buchanan cash flow summary
 
in nominal dollars
 
assuming a 2%
interest rate, excluding debt service, is shown in
Table
 
1-5
 
below.
Table 1-5:
 
Project Cash Flow Summary (000)
 
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
 
Total
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
Production & Sales tonnes
98,006
4,336
3,813
3,744
3,695
4,538
Total
 
Revenue
$14,909,133
$852,553
$453,707
$442,240
$453,787
$571,159
EBITDA
$7,073,988
$551,294
$186,311
$165,773
$172,414
$271,491
Net Income
$4,054,532
$377,442
$93,097
$72,548
$75,185
$145,767
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$5,859,417
$337,923
$226,272
$153,087
$153,971
$213,893
Purchases of Property, Plant, and
Equipment
$(1,472,794)
$(86,124)
$(100,502)
$(83,189)
$(56,642)
$(41,201)
Net Cash Flow
$4,386,623
$251,799
$125,770
$69,897
$97,330
$172,692
 
 
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
 
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
Production & Sales tonnes
4,336
4,317
4,563
4,743
3,952
4,271
Total
 
Revenue
$557,876
$567,848
$613,229
$651,531
$554,839
$612,889
EBITDA
$261,229
$263,595
$298,286
$329,317
$241,336
$290,107
Net Income
$137,877
$136,093
$168,482
$198,902
$134,763
$170,606
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$224,239
$225,319
$245,987
$268,534
$221,190
$234,873
Purchases of Property, Plant, and
Equipment
$(64,303)
$(42,396)
$(43,244)
$(44,109)
$(69,604)
$(70,996)
Net Cash Flow
$159,936
$182,923
$202,743
$224,425
$151,586
$163,877
 
 
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
8
 
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
 
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
Production & Sales tonnes
3,108
3,839
3,939
3,095
3,340
3,854
Total
 
Revenue
$455,561
$575,148
$603,143
$484,105
$533,867
$629,465
EBITDA
$171,051
$260,914
$280,917
$178,788
$209,249
$308,476
Net Income
$81,103
$150,643
$164,665
$84,421
$111,746
$188,224
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$173,291
$204,491
$231,972
$176,230
$175,626
$239,334
Purchases of Property, Plant, and
Equipment
$(46,809)
$(47,745)
$(48,700)
$(76,848)
$(50,667)
$(51,681)
Net Cash Flow
$126,482
$156,746
$183,272
$99,382
$124,959
$187,653
 
 
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
 
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
Production & Sales tonnes
4,722
4,655
3,755
3,575
3,583
3,399
Total
 
Revenue
$787,800
$793,604
$622,752
$614,673
$623,815
$595,730
EBITDA
$447,013
$443,613
$291,006
$284,502
$313,239
$288,266
Net Income
$294,103
$290,483
$171,552
$167,105
$191,132
$171,155
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$337,444
$359,579
$270,111
$240,394
$255,553
$244,949
Purchases of Property, Plant, and
Equipment
$(52,714)
$(53,768)
$(82,766)
$(52,909)
$(53,968)
$(55,047)
Net Cash Flow
$284,729
$305,811
$187,345
$187,485
$201,586
$189,902
 
 
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
 
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
Production & Sales tonnes
3,154
2,845
836
-
-
-
Total
 
Revenue
$573,015
$527,068
$157,730
$-
$-
$-
EBITDA
$271,208
$272,078
$22,517
$-
$-
$-
Net Income
$157,961
$159,633
$(32,899)
$(4,084)
$(1,660)
$(850)
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$230,687
$227,781
$74,345
$(51,806)
$(17,614)
$(8,983)
Purchases of Property, Plant, and
Equipment
$(56,148)
$(40,714)
$-
$-
$-
$-
Net Cash Flow
$174,539
$187,067
$74,345
$(51,806)
$(17,614)
$(8,983)
 
 
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
 
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
Production & Sales tonnes
-
-
-
-
-
-
Total
 
Revenue
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
EBITDA
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
Net Income
$(436)
$(226)
$(0)
$(0)
$(0)
$(0)
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$(4,581)
$(4,673)
$-
$-
$-
$-
Purchases of Property, Plant, and
Equipment
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
Net Cash Flow
$(4,581)
$(4,673)
$-
$-
$-
$-
Consolidated
 
cash
 
flows
 
are
 
driven
 
by
 
annual
 
sales
 
tonnage,
 
which
 
at
 
steady-state
 
level
ranges
 
from
 
a
 
peak
 
of
 
4.7
 
million
 
tonnes
 
in
 
2030
 
to
 
a
 
low
 
of
 
0.8
 
million
 
tonnes
 
in
 
2047.
 
Projected consolidated
 
revenue ranges
 
from $442.2
 
million to
 
$852.6 million
 
at steady
 
state.
 
Revenue totals $14.9 billion for the project’s life.
Consolidated
 
cash
 
flow
 
from
 
operations
 
is
 
positive
 
throughout
 
the
 
projected
 
operating
period,
 
with
 
the
 
exception
 
of
 
post-production
 
years,
 
due
 
to
 
end-of-mine
 
reclamation
spending.
 
Consolidated
 
cash
 
flow
 
from
 
operations
 
peaks
 
at
 
$337.9
 
million
 
in
 
2022
 
and
totals $5.9
 
billion over
 
the project’s
 
life.
 
Capital expenditures
 
total $367.7
 
million through
2026 and $1.5 billion over the project’s life.
 
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
ex962p18i1.jpg
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
9
1.10.1
 
Discounted Cash Flow Analysis
Cash
 
flow
 
after
 
tax,
 
but
 
before
 
debt
 
service,
 
generated
 
over
 
the
 
life
 
of
 
the
 
project
 
was
discounted to NPV
 
at a 10.0%
 
discount rate, which
 
represents Coronado’s
 
estimate of the
nominal
 
dollar,
 
risk
 
adjusted
 
weighted
 
average
 
cost
 
of
 
capital
 
(
WACC
)
 
for
 
likely
 
market
participants if the subject reserves were offered
 
for sale.
 
On an un-levered basis, the NPV
of
 
the
 
project
 
cash
 
flows
 
represents
 
the
 
Enterprise
 
Value
 
of
 
the
 
project
 
and
 
amounts
 
to
$1.580 billion.
 
The pre-feasibility
 
financial model
 
prepared for
 
the TRS
 
was developed
 
to
test
 
the
 
economic
 
viability
 
of
 
each
 
coal
 
resource
 
area.
 
The
 
NPV
 
estimate
 
was
 
made
 
for
purposes of
 
confirming the
 
economics for
 
classification of
 
coal reserves
 
and not
 
for purposes
of
 
valuing
 
Coronado
 
or its
 
Buchanan
 
assets.
 
Mine
 
plans
 
were
 
not
 
optimized,
 
and
 
actual
results of
 
the operations
 
may be
 
different, but
 
in all
 
cases, the
 
mine production
 
plan assumes
the properties are under competent management.
1.10.2
 
Sensitivity Analysis
Sensitivity of the NPV results to changes in
 
the key drivers is presented in the chart
 
below.
 
The
 
sensitivity
 
study
 
shows
 
the
 
NPV
 
at
 
the
 
10.0%
 
discount
 
rate
 
when
 
Base
 
Case
 
sales
prices, operating costs, and capital costs are increased
 
and decreased in increments of 5%
within a +/- 15% range.
Figure 1-4:
 
Sensitivity of NPV
As shown,
 
NPV is
 
quite sensitive
 
to changes
 
in sales
 
price and
 
operating cost
 
estimates,
and slightly sensitive to changes in capital cost estimates.
1.11
 
Permitting
Coronado has
 
obtained all
 
mining and
 
discharge permits
 
to operate
 
its mine
 
and processing,
loadout, or related support facilities.
 
MM&A is unaware of
 
any obvious or current Coronado
permitting issues
 
that are
 
expected to
 
prevent the
 
issuance of
 
future permits.
 
Buchanan,
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
10
along with all
 
coal producers, is
 
subject to a
 
level of uncertainty
 
regarding future clean
 
water
permits due to
United States Environmental Protection Agency
(
EPA
)
 
involvement with
state programs.
1.12
 
Conclusion and Recommendations
Sufficient data have been obtained
 
through various exploration and
 
sampling programs and
mining operations to support the geological interpretations of seam structure and thickness
for coal horizons situated on the Property.
 
The data are of sufficient quantity and
 
reliability
to reasonably support the coal resource and coal reserve estimates in this TRS.
The geological data and
 
preliminary feasibility study, which consider mining
 
plans, revenue,
and operating
 
and capital
 
cost estimates
 
are sufficient
 
to support
 
the classification
 
of coal
reserves provided herein.
This
 
geologic
 
evaluation
 
conducted
 
in
 
conjunction
 
with
 
the
 
preliminary
 
feasibility
 
study
concludes
 
that
 
the
 
98.0
 
Mt
 
of
 
marketable
 
underground
 
coal
 
reserves
 
identified
 
on
 
the
Property
 
are
 
economically
 
mineable
 
under
 
reasonable
 
expectations
 
of
 
market
 
prices
 
for
metallurgical coal products, estimated operation costs, and capital expenditures.
2
Introduction
2.1
 
Registrant and Terms of Reference
This report
 
was prepared
 
for the
 
sole use
 
of
Coronado Global
 
Resources Inc.
 
(
Coronado
)
and its affiliated and
 
subsidiary companies and advisors.
 
This report provides a statement
of coal resources
 
and coal reserves
 
for Coronado, as
 
defined under
 
the
Australasian Code
for
 
Reporting
 
of
 
Exploration
 
Results,
 
Mineral
 
Resources
 
and
 
Ore
 
Reserves
(
JORC
Code
) as
 
well as
 
under Subpart
 
1300 of
 
Regulation S-K (Regulation
 
S-K 1300)
 
promulgated
by the
United States Securities
 
and Exchange Commission
 
(
SEC
)
.
 
This report was
 
also
prepared
 
in accordance
 
with the
Australasian Code
 
for Public
 
Reporting of
 
Technical
Assessments and Valuations of Mineral Assets
(
VALMIN Code
).
This
 
report
 
provides
 
a
 
statement
 
of
 
coal
 
resources
 
and
 
coal
 
reserves
 
for
 
Coronado
 
at
Buchanan.
 
Exploration results
 
and Resource
 
calculations were
 
used as
 
the basis
 
for the
mine planning
 
and the
 
preliminary feasibility
 
study completed
 
to determine
 
the extent
 
and
viability of the reserve.
Coal resources
 
and coal reserves
 
are herein reported
 
in metric
 
units of
 
measurement and
are rounded to millions of metric tonnes (
Mt
).
2.2
 
Information Sources
This
 
TRS
 
is
 
based
 
on
 
information
 
provided
 
by
 
Coronado
 
and
 
reviewed
 
by
 
Michael
 
G.
McClure, CPG; and Justin S. Douthat, PE, MBA.
 
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
11
Coronado
 
engaged
 
MM&A
 
to
 
conduct
 
a
 
coal
 
resource
 
and
 
reserve
 
evaluation
 
of
 
the
Coronado coal
 
properties as
 
of September
 
30, 2018.
 
Additions and
 
depletion have
 
been
used
 
to
 
bring
 
the
 
Resource
 
and
 
Reserve
 
estimates
 
forward
 
to
 
December
 
31,
 
2021,
 
the
effective date of this TRS
 
for Buchanan.
 
For the evaluation, the following tasks were
 
to be
completed:
 
>
 
Conduct site visits of the mines and mine infrastructure facilities;
 
>
 
Process
 
the
 
information
 
supporting
 
the
 
estimation
 
of
 
coal
 
resources
 
and
 
reserves
 
into
geological models;
 
>
 
Develop life-of-reserve mine (
LOM
) plans and financial models;
>
 
Hold discussions with Coronado company management; and
 
>
 
Prepare
 
and
 
issue a
 
TRS providing
 
a
 
statement
 
of coal
 
resources and
 
reserves which
would include:
-
 
A description of the mine and facilities.
 
-
 
A description of the evaluation process.
-
 
An
 
estimation
 
of
 
coal
 
resources
 
and
 
reserves
 
with
 
compliance
 
elements
 
as
 
stated
under the JORC Code and the SEC Regulation S-K 1300.
2.3
 
Personal Inspections
MM&A is very familiar with Buchanan,
 
having provided a variety of services
 
in recent years,
and the QPs involved in this TRS have conducted multiple site visits.
3
Property Description
3.1
 
Location
The Buchanan Mine Complex is located in Buchanan County in southwestern Virginia (see
Figure 1-1
) approximately
 
16 kilometers
 
southeast of
 
Grundy,
 
which is
 
the county
 
seat of
Buchanan County.
 
Surface facilities for
 
the shaft mine are
 
located along Garden Creek
 
and
a Norfolk Southern
 
(NS) rail
 
line about 6.4
 
kilometers south-southeast of
 
Oakwood, Virginia.
The
 
Property
 
is
 
located
 
on
 
the
 
following
United
 
States
 
Geological
 
Survey
 
(
USGS
)
Quadrangles:
 
Prater,
 
Vansant,
 
Keen
 
Mountain,
 
and
 
Jewell
 
Ridge.
 
Current
 
mining
projections
 
fall
 
within
 
the Keen
 
Mountain and
 
Jewell
 
Ridge quadrangles.
 
The
 
coordinate
system and
 
datum used for
 
the model of
 
Buchanan No. 1
 
and the
 
subsequent maps were
produced in the Virginia State Plane South system, NAD 27.
 
3.2
 
Titles, Claims or Leases
The Buchanan coal
 
reserves are located
 
in Buchanan and
 
Tazewell Counties, Virginia.
 
The
Property is
 
composed of
 
approximately 34,089
 
total hectares,
 
of which
 
26,243 are
 
leased
or subleased from private landholders under approximately 150 individual
 
coal lease tracts,
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
12
and 7,846 hectares are owned by Coronado.
 
Subject to Coronado’s exercising its renewal
rights thereunder, all the leases
 
expire upon exhaustion
 
of the relevant
 
coal reserves, which
is expected to occur in 2047.
 
MM&A has not carried out a
 
separate title verification for the
coal
 
property
 
and
 
has
 
not
 
verified
 
leases,
 
deeds,
 
surveys,
 
or
 
other
 
property
 
control
instruments
 
pertinent
 
to
 
the
 
subject
 
resources.
 
Tenure
 
was
 
separately
 
reviewed
 
by
Coronado’s legal advisors.
 
Coronado has represented to MM&A that it controls the mining
rights
 
to the
 
reserves as
 
shown on
 
its property
 
maps, and
 
MM&A has
 
accepted
 
these as
being a true and accurate depiction of the mineral rights controlled by Coronado.
 
The TRS
assumes the Property
 
is developed under responsible and experienced management.
3.3
 
Mineral Rights
Coronado supplied property
 
control maps to
 
MM&A related to
 
properties for which
 
mineral
and/or
 
surface
 
property
 
are
 
controlled
 
by
 
Coronado.
 
While
 
MM&A
 
accepted
 
these
representations
 
as
 
being
 
true
 
and
 
accurate,
 
MM&A
 
has
 
no
 
knowledge
 
of
 
past
 
property
boundary disputes
 
or other
 
concerns, through
 
past knowledge
 
of the
 
Property,
 
that would
signal concern over future mining operations or development potential.
Property
 
control
 
in
 
Appalachia
 
can
 
be
 
intricate.
 
Coal
 
mining
 
properties
 
are
 
typically
composed
 
of
 
numerous
 
property
 
tracts
 
which
 
are
 
owned
 
and/or
 
leased
 
from
 
both
 
land-
holding companies
 
and private
 
individuals or
 
companies.
 
It is
 
common to
 
encounter severed
ownership,
 
with
 
different
 
entities
 
or
 
individuals
 
controlling
 
the
 
surface
 
and
 
mineral
 
rights.
 
Mineral control in
 
the region is
 
typically characterized by
 
leases or ownership
 
of larger tracts
of land, with surface control generally comprised of smaller tracts, particularly in developed
areas.
Legal mining rights
 
may reflect a
 
combination of fee
 
or mineral ownership
 
and fee
 
or mineral
leases of coal lands
 
through various surface and
 
mineral lease agreements.
 
There is also
a relatively small amount
 
of area where
 
the coal is
 
partially owned and/or partially
 
leased on
a limited number of individual tracts.
 
Control of the surface property is necessary to conduct surface mining but is not necessary
to conduct underground
 
mining.
 
Given that
 
the Buchanan Mine
 
has been
 
active dating back
to the
 
1980s, Coronado,
 
and its
 
predecessors, have
 
a successful
 
history of
 
obtaining any
necessary rights and the associated permits to mine.
3.4
 
Encumbrances
No Title
 
Encumbrances are
 
known.
 
By assignment,
 
MM&A did
 
not complete
 
an independent
query related to Title Encumbrances.
 
3.5
 
Other Risks
There is always risk involved in property
 
control.
 
Coronado and its predecessor, CONSOL,
have both had their legal
 
teams examine the deeds and
 
title control in order to
 
minimize the
risk.
 
Historically,
 
property
 
control
 
has
 
not
 
posed
 
any
 
challenges
 
related
 
to
 
Buchanan’s
operations.
 
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance
 
with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
13
4
Accessibility, Climate, Local Resources,
Infrastructure and Physiography
4.1
 
Topography,
 
Elevation, and Vegetation
Topography
 
of the
 
area surrounding
 
the Buchanan
 
Mine Complex
 
is typical
 
of the
 
Central
Appalachian Plateau being
 
rugged and deeply
 
dissected by
 
v-shaped river valleys
 
flanked
by
 
steep-sided
 
upland
 
regions.
 
Surface
 
elevations
 
near
 
the
 
mine
 
complex
 
range
 
from
approximately 823
 
meters above
 
sea level
 
in upland
 
regions to
 
approximately 579
 
meters
at
 
stream
 
level.
 
The
 
Property
 
is
 
moderately
 
vegetated,
 
with
 
a
 
mixture
 
of
 
hardwood
 
and
conifer forest
 
in the
 
temperate broadleaf
 
category.
 
The Property
 
is not
 
situated near
 
any
major urban centers, and the surrounding area is considered rural.
4.2
 
Access and Transport
General
 
access
 
to
 
the Buchanan
 
No.
 
1
 
Mine
 
property
 
is
 
via
 
a
 
well-developed
 
network
 
of
primary,
 
secondary,
 
and
 
unimproved
 
roads.
 
Highway
 
460
 
is
 
the
 
primary
 
highway
connecting
 
Pike
 
County
 
in
 
Eastern
 
Kentucky
 
to
 
Buchanan
 
and
 
Tazewell
 
Counties
 
in
Southwestern Virginia.
 
Numerous secondary and unimproved roads provide
 
direct access
to the
 
Property,
 
some being
 
state-
 
and town-maintained.
 
These roads
 
typically stay
 
open
throughout the
 
year.
 
A
Norfolk Southern
 
(
NS
)
 
rail line
 
that is
 
located approximately 6.44
kilometers south-southeast of Oakwood, Virginia, serves as the primary means of transport
for produced coal.
 
NS transports coal from the Buchanan
 
Mine Complex either to domestic
customers or
 
to the
 
Pier 6
 
export terminal
 
at Norfolk,
 
Virginia for
 
overseas shipment.
 
A small
portion of production is transported via
 
truck haul.
 
An extensive network of service roads
 
to
gob gas and coalbed methane (
CBM
) production wells exist on the subject property.
 
4.3
 
Proximity to Population Centers
 
The
 
Buchanan
 
No.
 
1
 
Mine
 
property
 
lies
 
near
 
the
 
town
 
of
 
Grundy
 
in
 
Buchanan
 
County,
Virginia approximately 290 kilometers southeast of
 
Lexington, Kentucky and 153
 
kilometers
southwest of Roanoke, Virginia.
 
As of the 2020 census
 
Buchanan County had a
 
population
of 20,355 residents.
 
4.4
 
Climate and Length of Operating Season
The climate
 
of the
 
region is
 
classified as
 
humid sub-tropical
 
with four
 
distinct seasons:
 
warm
summers, cold winters, and moderate fall and spring
 
seasons.
 
Precipitation in the region is
consistent throughout
 
the year
 
with the
 
most rain
 
falling in
 
spring and
 
the early
 
months of
summer.
 
Average yearly rainfall is 112.62
 
centimeters.
 
Summer months typically begin in
late
 
May
 
and
 
end
 
in
 
early
 
September
 
and
 
range
 
in
 
average
 
temperature
 
from
 
49
 
to
 
84
degrees
 
Fahrenheit (or
 
9.44
 
to 28.89
 
degrees
 
Celsius).
 
Winters
 
typically
 
begin
 
in mid
 
to
late November and
 
run until mid
 
to late March
 
with average temperatures
 
ranging from 26
to
 
56
 
degrees
 
Fahrenheit
 
(or
 
-3.33
 
to 13.33
 
degrees
 
Celsius).
 
Precipitation
 
in
 
the
 
winter
typically
 
comes
 
in
 
the
 
form
 
of
 
snowfall
 
or
 
as
 
a
 
wintery
 
mix
 
(sleet
 
and
 
snow)
 
with
 
severe
snowfall events occurring
 
occasionally.
 
Seasonal variations
 
in climate typically
 
do not
 
affect
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
14
underground
 
mining
 
in
 
Virginia.
 
However,
 
weather
 
events
 
could
 
potentially
 
negatively
impact
 
efficiency
 
of
 
surface
 
and
 
preparation
 
plant
 
operations
 
on
 
a
 
very
 
limited
 
basis
 
and
lasting less than a few days.
4.5
 
Infrastructure
The Buchanan No.
 
1 Mine Complex
 
has sources of
 
water,
 
power, personnel,
 
and supplies
readily
 
available
 
for
 
use.
 
Personnel
 
have
 
historically
 
been
 
sourced
 
from the
 
surrounding
communities in Buchanan,
 
Tazewell,
 
McDowell, and Pike counties,
 
and have proven
 
to be
adequate in numbers to operate the mine.
 
As mining is common in the surrounding areas,
the workforce is generally familiar
 
with mining practices, and many are
 
experienced miners.
 
Water is
 
sourced locally from streams
 
that flow over Coronado-owned
 
property.
 
The mine
also
 
utilizes
 
ground
 
water
 
from
 
an
 
old
 
abandoned
 
mine.
 
Electricity
 
is
 
sourced
 
from
American Electric Power
 
(
AEP
)
.
 
The service industry
 
in the areas
 
surrounding the mine
complex
 
has
 
historically
 
provided
 
supplies,
 
equipment
 
repairs
 
and
 
fabrication,
 
etc.
 
The
Coronado-owned
 
Buchanan
 
Preparation
 
Plant
 
services
 
the
 
mine
 
via
 
a
 
skip
 
hoist
 
and
conveyor
 
belt system
 
which
 
transports extracted
 
coal from
 
an underground
 
bunker to
 
the
surface facility.
 
The NS rail line serves as the main means of transport from the mine.
5
History
5.1
 
Previous Operation
The Property was formerly controlled by
Consolidation Coal Company (
CONSOL
)
.
 
Mine
development
 
was
 
started
 
by
 
CONSOL
 
in
 
1983
 
and
 
longwall
 
production
 
began
 
in
 
1987.
 
Coronado acquired the Buchanan Mine from CONSOL in March 2016.
The most productive of any 4-year period since 1987 has
 
occurred since the acquisition by
Coronado.
 
Production history
 
has been
 
approximately 3.5
 
Mt in
 
2016 (in
 
only a
 
9-month
period), 4.9 Mt in 2017, 4.7 Mt in 2018, 4.5 Mt in 2019, 3.4 Mt in 2020 and 4.4 Mt in 2021.
5.2
 
Previous Exploration
The
 
Property
 
has
 
been
 
extensively
 
explored
 
by
 
subsurface
 
drilling
 
efforts
 
carried
 
out
 
by
numerous
 
entities,
 
most
 
of
 
which
 
were
 
completed
 
prior
 
to
 
acquisition
 
by
 
Coronado.
 
The
majority of
 
the drilling
 
was accomplished
 
using vertical
 
continuous (diamond)
 
coring or
 
air
rotary methods.
Drill
 
records
 
indicate
 
that
 
independent
 
contract
 
drilling
 
operators
 
have
 
typically
 
been
engaged
 
to
 
carry
 
out
 
drilling
 
on
 
the
 
Property.
 
Geophysical
 
logging
 
on
 
those
 
properties
acquired from CONSOL was often
 
performed by both CONSOL’s in-house logging services
and
 
outside
 
logging
 
firms.
 
MM&A,
 
via
 
its
 
Geophysical
 
Logging
 
Systems
 
subsidiary,
 
has
logged
 
a
 
significant
 
number
 
of
 
the
 
past
 
exploration
 
holes
 
and
 
degas
 
wells,
 
and
 
currently
logs most of the recently drilled holes.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
15
6
Geological Setting, Mineralization and Deposit
6.1
 
Regional, Local and Property Geology
The
 
Property
 
lies
 
in
 
the
 
Central
 
Appalachian
 
Coal
 
basin
 
in
 
the
 
Appalachian
 
Plateau
physiographic province.
 
The
 
coal
 
deposits
 
in
 
the
 
eastern
 
US
 
are
 
the oldest
 
and
 
most
 
extensively
 
developed
 
coal
deposits in the country.
 
The coal deposits on the Property are Carboniferous in age, being
of the
 
Pennsylvanian system.
 
Overall, these
 
Carboniferous coals
 
contain two-fifths
 
of the
US’s bituminous coal deposits and extend over
 
1,448 kilometers from northern Alabama to
Pennsylvania and
 
are part
 
of what
 
is known
 
as the
Appalachian Basin
.
 
The Appalachian
Basin is more than 402
 
kilometers wide and, in
 
some portions, contains over
 
60 coal seams
of varying economic significance.
Seams
 
of economic
 
significance typically
 
range
 
between 0.30
 
meters
 
and
 
1.83 meters
 
in
thickness,
 
with
 
relatively
 
little
 
structural
 
deformation.
 
Regional
 
structure
 
is
 
typically
characterized by gently dipping strata to the northwest at less than one percent.
Seams of
 
the Pocahontas
 
Formation have
 
historically been
 
mined in
 
the Buchanan
 
No. 1
Mine with the Pocahontas No. 3 seam being the principal
 
seam in the formation.
 
Coal from
the area has historically sold in primarily metallurgical markets.
6.2
 
Mineralization
The
 
generalized
 
stratigraphic
 
columnar
 
section
 
in
Figure
 
6-1
 
demonstrates
 
the
 
vertical
relationship of the principal coal seams and rock formations on the Property.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg ex962p25i1.jpg
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
16
Figure 6-1:
 
Buchanan Stratigraphic Column
(not to scale)
6.3
 
Deposits
The
 
coal
 
produced
 
at
 
Buchanan
 
No.
 
1
 
is
 
typically
 
low
 
volatile
 
(<23%
 
volatile
 
matter)
bituminous
 
coal.
 
Due to
 
the
 
value of
 
the Pocahontas
 
No. 3
 
(
P3
) as
 
a
 
low-volatile
 
coking
coal, it has
 
been extensively mined
 
in the region.
 
Multiple seams make
 
up the P3
 
horizon
in the projections
 
for the Property.
 
The P31, P32,
 
P33, and 345,
 
all individual splits
 
of the
P3 horizon,
 
are present
 
on the
 
Property and
 
the projected
 
areas.
 
The mineable
 
bench in
the P3 horizon consists
 
of various configurations of
 
the seams, depending
 
on thickness and
relative location, as seam splitting does occur in various parts of the Property.
 
The various
bench configurations are: 1)
 
full-seam bench (P31, P32,
 
P33, and 345), also known
 
as the
P3
 
bench;
 
2)
 
P31,
 
P32,
 
P33
 
bench;
 
and
 
3)
 
P32,
 
P33,
 
and
 
345
 
benches.
 
The
 
full-seam
bench (P3) thickness ranges
 
from 1.22 to 3.44 meters
 
with an average of 1.86
 
meters, the
P31, P32,
 
P33 bench
 
thickness
 
ranges from
 
1.22 to
 
2.10 meters
 
with an
 
average of
 
1.43
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
17
meters,
 
and the
 
P32, P33,
 
345 bench
 
thickness
 
ranges from
 
1.22 to
 
2.71 meters
 
with an
average of 1.65 meters.
 
The seam is situated below drainage throughout the Property and
is accessible
 
by existing
 
mine shafts.
 
Floor and
 
roof strata
 
vary throughout
 
the projected
mine area with floor strata including fireclay, claystone, shale, sandy shale, and sandstone,
but primarily being fireclay and shale.
 
Roof strata varies throughout as well but primarily is
composed of sandstone, sandy shale, and shale.
 
7
Exploration
7.1
 
Nature and Extent of Exploration
Extensive
 
exploration
 
in
 
the
 
form
 
of
 
subsurface
 
drill
 
efforts
 
has
 
been
 
carried
 
out
 
on
 
the
Property by numerous entities, most
 
of which efforts were completed
 
prior to the acquisition
by
 
Coronado.
 
Diamond
 
core,
 
rotary,
 
and
 
CBM
 
drilling
 
are
 
the
 
three
 
primary
 
types
 
of
exploration
 
on
 
the
 
Property.
 
Data
 
for
 
correlation
 
and
 
mining
 
conditions
 
are
 
derived
 
from
core
 
descriptions
 
and
 
geophysical
 
logging
 
(e-logging).
 
Coal
 
quality
 
analyses
 
were
 
also
employed during the core exploration process.
 
A total of 4,535 core, rotary, and CBM wells
have been
 
drilled for
 
exploration and
 
CBM purposes.
 
The location of
 
the drilling
 
is shown
on the maps included in
Appendix B
.
The
 
concentration
 
of
 
exploration
 
varies
 
slightly
 
across
 
the
 
Property,
 
with
 
the
 
proposed
underground
 
mining
 
areas
 
having
 
the
 
highest
 
concentration
 
of
 
drill holes.
 
Drilling
 
on
 
the
Property
 
is
 
typically
 
sufficient
 
for
 
delineation
 
of
 
potential
 
underground
 
mineable
 
benches.
 
Core logging
 
is carried
 
out by
 
professional geologists
 
in cases
 
where roof
 
and floor
 
strata
are
 
of
 
particular
 
interest
 
and
 
in
 
cases
 
where
 
greater
 
resolution
 
and
 
geologic
 
detail
 
are
needed.
 
However, most
 
drill hole data
 
come from simplified driller’s
 
logs, which often
 
lack
specific details regarding geotechnical conditions and specific geology, making correlations
and
 
floor
 
and
 
roof
 
conditions
 
difficult
 
to
 
determine.
 
Geophysical
 
logging
 
(e-logging)
techniques,
 
by
 
contrast,
 
document
 
specific
 
details
 
useful
 
for
 
geologic
 
interpretation
 
and
mining
 
conditions.
 
Given
 
the
 
variability
 
of
 
data-gathering
 
methods,
definitive
 
mapping
 
of
future mining conditions
 
may not
 
be possible,
 
but projections and
 
assumptions can be
 
made
within a
reasonable
 
degree of certainty.
A
 
significant
 
effort
 
was
 
put
 
into
 
verifying
 
the
 
integrity
 
of
 
the
 
database.
 
Once
 
this
 
was
established, stratigraphic columnar sections were generated using cross-sectional analysis
to establish or confirm coal seam correlations.
 
A typical cross-section is shown in
Figure 7-
1
.
 
 
ex962p27i0.jpg ex962p27i1.jpg
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
18
Figure 7-1: Generalized Buchanan Cross-Section
Due to
 
the long
 
history of
 
exploration by
 
various parties
 
on the
 
Property,
 
a wide
 
variety of
survey
 
techniques
 
exist
 
for
 
documentation
 
of
 
data
 
point
 
locations.
 
Many
 
of
 
the
 
older
exploration drill holes appear to have been located by survey and more recently completed
drill
 
holes
 
are
 
often
 
located
 
by
 
high-resolution
 
Global
 
Positioning
 
System
 
(
GPS
)
 
units.
 
However, some holes appear to have been approximately located using USGS topography
maps
 
or
 
other
 
methods
 
which
 
are
 
less
 
accurate.
 
Therefore,
 
discretion
 
had
 
to
 
be
 
used
regarding the accuracy for the location
 
and ground surface elevation of some
 
of these older
drill
 
holes.
 
In
 
instances
 
where
 
a
 
drill
 
hole
 
location
 
(or
 
associated
 
coal
 
seam
 
elevations)
appeared
 
to
 
be
 
inconsistent
 
with
 
the
 
overall
 
structural
 
trend
 
(or
 
surface
 
topography
 
for
surface-mineable areas),
 
the data
 
point was
 
not honored
 
for geological
 
modeling.
 
Others
with apparently minor variances were adjusted and then used by MM&A.
 
Surveying
 
of the
 
underground and
 
surface mined
 
areas
 
has been
 
performed by
 
the mine
operators
 
and/or
 
their
 
consulting
 
surveyors.
 
By
 
assignment,
 
MM&A
 
did
 
not
 
verify
 
the
accuracy or completeness
 
of supplied
 
mine maps
 
but accepted
 
this information as
 
being the
work of responsible engineers and surveyors.
MM&A compiled comprehensive
 
topographic map files
 
by selecting the
 
best available aerial
mapping for each area and filling any gaps with digital USGS topographic mapping.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
19
7.2
 
Non-Drilling Procedures and Parameters
Some analyses, specifically ultimate
 
ash and sulfur types
 
are not as prevalent
 
as others in
the testing
 
done on
 
samples recovered
 
by drilling.
 
To supplement the information database,
samples
 
have
 
been
 
collected
 
from
 
mine
 
stockpiles
 
and
 
either
 
truck
 
or
 
train
 
shipment
samples.
7.3
 
Drilling Procedures
Core
 
drilling
 
methods
 
utilize
 
NX-size
 
(5.4
 
centimeters)
 
or
 
similar-sized
 
core
 
cylinders
 
to
recover core samples, which can be used to
 
delineate geologic characteristics, and for coal
quality
 
testing
 
and
 
geotechnical
 
logging.
 
For
 
the
 
core
 
holes,
 
the
 
geophysical
 
logs
 
are
especially useful in verifying the core recovery of both the coal samples (for assurance that
a
 
sample
 
is
 
representative
 
of
 
the
 
full
 
seam)
 
and
 
of
 
the
 
roof
 
and
 
floor
 
rock
 
samples
 
(for
evaluating ground control
 
characteristics of deep
 
mineable coal seams).
 
In addition to
 
the
core holes, rotary drilled holes also exist on most of
 
the Property.
 
Data for the rotary drilled
holes are mainly derived
 
from downhole geophysical
 
logs, which are used
 
to interpret coal
and rock thickness and
 
depth since logging of the
 
drill cuttings is not reliable.
 
Additionally,
there is an ongoing active surface drilling program
 
for degassing the mined seam ahead of
mining.
 
The degas
 
holes are
 
typically logged
 
geophysically,
 
and the
 
resulting interpreted
data
 
are
 
incorporated
 
into
 
the
 
geological
 
model.
 
Exploratory
 
drilling
 
generally
 
requires
drilling to depths of over 305 meters to penetrate the target coal seam at Buchanan.
A wide variety
 
of core-logging techniques
 
exist for the
 
Property.
 
For many of
 
the core holes,
the
 
primary
 
data
 
source
 
is
 
a
 
generalized
 
lithology
 
description
 
by
 
the
 
driller,
 
typically
supplemented
 
by
 
a
 
more
 
detailed
 
core
 
log
 
completed
 
by
 
a
 
geologist.
 
These
 
drilling
 
logs
were provided to
 
MM&A as a
 
geological database.
 
MM&A geologists were not
 
involved in
the production
 
of original
 
core logs
 
but did perform
 
a basic
 
check of
 
information within
 
the
provided database.
 
Where geophysical
 
logs for
 
such holes
 
are available,
 
they were
 
used
by MM&A geologists to verify the coal thickness and core recovery of seams.
 
7.4
 
Hydrology
Buchanan is an
 
active mine with
 
no hydrologic concerns
 
or material issues
 
experienced in
its history.
 
Future mining
 
is projected
 
to occur
 
in areas
 
exhibiting similar
 
hydrogeological
conditions
 
as
 
past
 
mining,
 
including
 
stream
 
undermining,
 
undermining
 
of
 
aquifers,
 
and
mining
 
through
 
hydraulically
 
fractured
 
(frac’d)
 
coalbed
 
methane
 
wells.
 
Based
 
upon
 
the
successful
 
history
 
of
 
the
 
operation
 
with
 
regards
 
to
 
hydrogeological
 
features,
 
MM&A
assumes that the operation will not be hindered by such issues in the future.
7.5
 
Geotechnical Data
Mining plans
 
for potential
 
underground mines
 
were developed
 
by Coronado
 
and modified
by MM&A to
 
fit current property
 
constraints.
 
Pillar stability was
 
tested by MM&A
 
using the
Analysis of Retreat Mining Pillar Stability
 
(ARMPS
) and
Analysis of Longwall Pillar Stability
(ALPS)
 
programs that were developed
 
by the
National Institute for Occupational
 
Safety
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
20
and Health (
NIOSH
)
.
 
MM&A reviewed the
 
results from the
 
ARMPS and ALPS
 
analysis and
considered them in the development of the LOM plan.
8
Sample Preparation,
 
Analyses and Security
8.1
 
Prior to Sending to the Lab
Most of the
 
coal samples have been
 
obtained from the
 
Property by subsurface exploration
using core
 
drilling techniques.
 
The protocol
 
for preparing
 
and testing
 
the samples
 
has varied
over
 
time and
 
is not
 
well documented
 
for the
 
older holes
 
drilled
 
on the
 
Property.
 
Typical
core-drilling
 
sampling
 
methods
 
for
 
coal
 
in
 
the
 
United
 
States
 
involves
 
drilling
 
through
 
the
seam, removing the core from the barrel, describing the lithology, wrapping the sample in a
sealed
 
plastic
 
sleeve
 
and
 
placing
 
it
 
lengthwise
 
into
 
a
 
covered
 
core
 
box,
 
and
 
carefully
marking hole ID
 
and depth intervals
 
on each box
 
and lid, allowing
 
the core to
 
be delivered
to a
 
laboratory in
 
correct stratigraphic
 
order, and with
 
original moisture
 
content.
 
This process
has been the norm for both historical and ongoing exploration activities at the Property.
This work is typically performed by the
 
supervising driller, geologist, or company personnel.
 
Samples are most often delivered
 
to the company by the
 
driller after each shift or
 
acquired
by company personnel or representatives.
 
Most of the coal core
 
samples were obtained by
previous or
 
current operators
 
on the
 
Property.
 
MM&A did
 
not participate
 
in the
 
collection,
sampling, and analysis
 
of the core
 
samples.
 
However, it is reasonable
 
to assume, given
 
the
consistency of quality from previous operators,
 
that these samples were generally collected
and
 
processed
 
under
 
industry
 
best
 
practices.
 
This
 
assumption
 
is
 
based
 
on
 
MM&A’s
familiarity with the operating companies and the companies used to perform the analyses.
8.2
 
Lab Procedures
Coal-quality
 
testing
 
has
 
been
 
performed
 
over
 
many
 
years
 
by
 
operating
 
companies
 
using
different laboratories
 
and testing
 
regimens.
 
Some of
 
the samples
 
have raw
 
analyses and
washabilities on the full seam (with coal and rock parting layers co-mingled)
 
and are mainly
useful for characterizing the coal quality for projected production from underground mining.
 
Other
 
samples
 
have
 
coal
 
and
 
rock
 
analyzed
 
separately,
 
the
 
results
 
of
 
which
 
can
 
be
manipulated to forecast
 
underground mining quality.
 
Care has
 
been taken
 
to use only
 
those
analyses that
 
are representative
 
of the
 
coal quality
 
parameters for
 
the appropriate
 
mining
type for each sample.
 
Unlike many Appalachian
 
properties, Buchanan only has
 
interest in
one deep seam; therefore, the analyses have been done following a consistent protocol.
Standard procedure upon receipt
 
of core samples
 
by the testing laboratory
 
is to: 1) log
 
the
depth and thickness of the sample; then 2) perform testing as specified by a representative
of the
 
operating company.
 
Each sample
 
is then
 
analyzed in
 
accordance with
 
procedures
defined under
American Society for Testing
 
and Materials (
ASTM
)
 
standards including,
but
 
not
 
limited
 
to
 
washability
 
(ASTM
 
D4371);
 
ash
 
(ASTM
 
D3174);
 
sulfur
 
(ASTM
 
D4239);
Btu/lb. (ASTM
 
D5865); volatile
 
matter (ASTM
 
D3175); Free
 
Swell Index
 
(
FSI
) (ASTM
 
D720).
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
21
9
Data Verification
9.1
 
Procedures of Qualified Person
MM&A
 
reviewed
 
the
 
digital
 
geologic
 
database
 
supplied
 
by
 
Coronado.
 
The
 
database
consists
 
of
 
data
 
records,
 
which
 
include
 
drill
 
hole
 
information
 
for
 
holes
 
that
 
lie
 
within
 
and
adjacent
 
to
 
the
 
Property
 
and
 
records
 
for
 
numerous
 
supplemental
 
coal
 
seam
 
thickness
measurements.
 
Upon completion
 
of
 
the database
 
verification,
 
copies of
 
each
 
entry were
printed,
 
and
 
cross
 
referenced
 
to
 
the
 
original
 
document
 
for
 
verification.
 
Once
 
the
 
initial
integrity of
 
the database
 
was established,
 
stratigraphic columnar
 
sections were
 
generated
using cross-sectional analysis to establish
 
or confirm coal-seam correlations.
 
Geophysical
logs were used wherever available to assist in
 
confirming the seam correlation and to verify
proper seam thickness measurements and recovery of coal samples.
 
After
 
establishing
 
and/or
 
verifying
 
proper
 
seam
 
correlation,
 
seam
 
data-control
 
maps
 
and
geological cross-sections
 
were generated
 
and again
 
used to
 
verify seam
 
correlations and
data integrity.
 
Once the
 
database was
 
fully vetted,
 
seam thickness,
 
base-of-seam elevation,
roof and floor lithology,
 
and overburden maps were independently
 
generated for use in the
mine planning process.
9.2
 
Limitations
As with
 
any exploration
 
program, localized
 
anomalies cannot
 
always be
 
discovered.
 
The
greater
 
the density
 
of the
 
samples taken,
 
the less
 
the risk.
 
Once an
 
area
 
is identified
 
as
being of interest for inclusion in the mine
 
plan, additional samples are taken to help reduce
the risk in
 
those specific areas.
 
In general, provision
 
is made in
 
the mine planning
 
portion
of the
 
study to allow
 
for localized
 
anomalies that
 
are typically classed
 
more as
 
a nuisance
than a hinderance.
 
Longwall production has been de-rated in thinner coal zones.
9.3
 
Opinion of Qualified Person
Sufficient data have been obtained
 
through various exploration and
 
sampling programs and
mining operations to support the geological interpretations of seam structure and thickness
for coal horizons situated on the Property.
 
The data are of sufficient quantity and
 
reliability
to reasonably support the coal resource and coal reserve estimates in this TRS.
10
Mineral Processing and Metallurgical Testing
10.1
 
Testing Procedures
Separate
 
tabulations
 
have
 
been
 
compiled
 
for
 
basic
 
chemical
 
analyses
 
(both
 
raw
 
and
washed quality),
 
petrographic data,
 
rheological data
 
and chlorine,
 
ash, ultimate
 
and sulfur
analysis.
 
The latter
 
two data
 
types are
 
not as
 
prevalent and
 
have been
 
supplemented by
samples collected from mine stockpiles and either truck- or train-shipment samples.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
22
Available
 
coal-quality
 
data
 
were
 
tabulated
 
by
 
resource
 
area
 
in
 
a
 
Microsoft®
 
EXCEL
workbook and the details of that work are maintained on file at
 
the offices of Coronado and
MM&A.
 
These tables
 
also provide
 
basic statistical
 
analyses of
 
the coal
 
quality data
 
sets,
including
 
average
 
value;
 
maximum
 
and
 
minimum
 
values;
 
and
 
the
 
number
 
of
 
samples
available to represent
 
each quality parameter
 
of the seam.
 
Coal samples
 
that were deemed
by
 
MM&A
 
geologists
 
to
 
be
 
unrepresentative
 
were
 
not
 
used
 
for
 
statistical
 
analysis
 
of
 
coal
quality, as documented in the tabulations.
 
A representative group of
 
drill hole samples from
the Property
 
were then
 
checked against
 
the original
 
drill laboratory
 
reports to
 
verify accuracy
and correctness.
The amount
 
and areal
 
extent of
 
coal sampling
 
for geological
 
data is
 
generally sufficient
 
to
represent
 
the
 
quality
 
characteristics
 
of
 
the
 
coal
 
horizons
 
and
 
allow
 
for
 
proper
 
market
placement of the subject coal seams.
 
For some of the coal deposits
 
there are considerable
laboratory data from
 
core samples that are
 
representative of the
 
full extent of the
 
resource
area;
 
and
 
for
 
others
 
there
 
are
 
more
 
limited
 
data
 
to
 
represent
 
the
 
resource
 
area.
 
For
example, in
 
the active
 
operations with
 
considerable previous
 
mining, there
 
may be
 
limited
quality data within some of the remaining resource areas; however, in those cases the core
sampling data can be supplemented with
 
operational data from mining and shipped quality
samples representative of the resource area.
10.2
 
Relationship of Tests to the Whole
The extensive sampling and testing procedures typically followed in the coal industry result
in an excellent correlation between samples and marketable product.
 
Shipped analyses of
the
 
coal
 
from
 
Buchanan
 
were
 
reviewed
 
to
 
verify
 
that
 
the
 
coal
 
quality
 
and
 
characteristics
were as
 
expected.
 
Buchanan has
 
a long
 
history of
 
saleable production
 
in the
 
low-volatile
metallurgical
 
markets,
 
confirming
 
exploration
 
results.
 
Degradation
 
of
 
coking
 
coal
characteristics over time is not anticipated to be an issue.
10.3
 
Lab Information
Each sample is
 
analyzed at area
 
Laboratories that operate
 
in accordance with
 
procedures
defined under ASTM standards including, but not limited to washability
 
(ASTM D4371); ash
(ASTM
 
D3174);
 
sulfur
 
(ASTM
 
D4239);
 
Btu/lb.
 
(ASTM
 
D5865);
 
volatile
 
matter
 
(ASTM
D3175); Free Swell Index (
FSI
) (ASTM D720).
10.4
 
Relevant Results
No critical factors have been found
 
that would adversely affect the recovery
 
of the Reserve.
 
Any quality
 
issues that occur,
 
either localized or
 
generally are
 
accounted for
 
in the
 
Market
Study done for this TRS.
11
Mineral Resource Estimates
MM&A independently created
 
a geologic model
 
to define the
 
coal resources at
 
Buchanan.
 
Coal resources were estimated as of December 31, 2021.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
23
11.1
 
Assumptions, Parameters and Methodology
Geological
 
data
 
were
 
imported
 
into
 
Carlson
 
Mining
®
 
(formerly
 
SurvCADD
®
)
 
geological
modelling software in the form of Microsoft
®
 
Excel files incorporating drill hole collars, seam
and thickness picks, bottom seam
 
elevations and raw and washed
 
coal quality.
 
These data
files were
 
validated prior
 
to importing
 
into the
 
software.
 
Once imported,
 
a geologic
 
model
was created, reviewed and verified with a key element being a gridded model of coal seam
thickness.
 
Resource
 
tonnes
 
were
 
estimated
 
by
 
using
 
the
 
seam
 
thickness
 
grid
 
based
 
on
each valid point of observation and by defining resource confidence arcs
 
around the points
of
 
observation.
 
Points
 
of
 
observation
 
for
 
Measured
 
and
 
Indicated
 
confidence
 
arcs
 
were
defined for
 
all valid drill
 
holes that intersected
 
the seam
 
using standards deemed
 
acceptable
by MM&A based on a detailed geologic evaluation and a statistical analysis of all drill holes
within the
 
projected reserve
 
areas as
 
described in
Section 11.1.1
.
 
The geological
 
evaluation
incorporated an analysis
 
of seam thickness
 
related to depositional
 
environments, adjacent
roof and floor lithologies, and structural influences.
After
 
validating coal
 
seam data
 
and
 
establishing correlations,
 
the thickness
 
and
 
elevation
for seams of
 
economic interest were
 
used to generate
 
a geologic model.
 
Due to the
 
relative
structural simplicity
 
of the
 
deposits and
 
the reasonable
 
continuity of
 
the tabular
 
coal beds,
the principal geological interpretation necessary to define the geometry
 
of the coal deposits
is the proper
 
modeling of their
 
thickness and elevation.
 
Both coal thickness
 
and quality data
are
 
deemed
 
by
 
MM&A
 
to
 
be
 
reasonably
 
sufficient
 
within
 
the
 
resource
 
areas.
 
Therefore,
there
 
is
 
a
 
reasonable
 
level
 
of
 
confidence
 
in
 
the
 
geologic
 
interpretations
 
required
 
for
 
coal
resource determination based on the available data and the techniques
 
applied to the data.
Table 11
 
-1
 
below provides
 
the geological
 
mapping and
 
coal tonnage
 
estimation criteria
 
used
for
 
the
 
coal
 
resource
 
and
 
reserve
 
evaluation.
 
These
 
cut-off
 
parameters
 
have
 
been
developed by MM&A based on its experience
 
with the Coronado property and are typical of
mining operations
 
in the
 
Central Appalachian
 
coal basin.
 
This experience
 
includes technical
and
 
economic
 
evaluations
 
of
 
numerous
 
properties
 
in
 
the
 
region
 
for
 
the
 
purposes
 
of
determining the economic viability of the subject coal reserves.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
24
Table 11
 
-1:
 
General Reserve and Resource Criteria
Item
Parameters
Technical Notes & Exceptions*
 
General Reserve Criteria
 
 
Reserve Classification
Reserve and Resource
Reliability Categories
Reserve (Proven and Probable)
Resource (Measured, Indicated and Inferred)
To better reflect geological conditions of the coal
deposits, distance between points of observation is
standard USGS (in meters), respectively, for
measured and indicated and inferred.
Effective Date of Resource
Estimate
December 31, 2021
Coal resources were updated for depletion based
 
on
information from Coronado.
 
Effective date for coal
resources is as of December 31, 2021.
Effective Date of Reserve Estimate
December 31, 2021
Coal reserves were updated for depletion based
 
on
information from Coronado.
 
Effective date for coal
reserves is as of December 31, 2021.
Seam Density
Variable, dependent upon seam
characteristics (based on available drill hole
quality).
 
In the absence of laboratory data,
estimated by (1) assuming specific gravity of
1.30 for coal and 2.25 to 2.5 for rock parting,
or (2) 1280 kg/m
3
 
to 1324 kg/m
3
 
for a "clean"
seam
 
Underground-Mineable Criteria
Map Thickness
Total seam thickness
Minimum Seam Thickness
1.2 meters (locally <1.2 m for limited areas
integral to the mine plan)
Minimum Mining Thickness
1.83 meters
Minimum In-Seam Wash Recovery
40 percent
 
Wash Recovery Applied to Coal
Reserves
Based on average yield for drill holes within
reserve area, or in the absence of laboratory
washability data, based on estimated visual
recovery using specific gravities noted above
and 95 percent yield on "clean" coal
Out-of-Seam Dilution Thickness for
Run-of-Mine Tonnes Applied to
Coal Reserves
0.05 meters
2243 kg/m³ density used for dilution tonnage
estimate
Mine Barrier
61-meter distance from abandoned mines and
sealed or pillared areas.
Adjustments Applied to Coal
Reserves
6 percent moisture increase; 5 percent
preparation plant inefficiency
Note:
 
Exceptions for application of these criteria
 
to resource and reserve estimation are
 
made as warranted and demonstrated by
 
either actual
mining experience or detailed data that
 
allows for empirical evaluation of mining conditions.
 
Final classification of coal reserve is made
based on the pre-feasibility evaluation.
11.1.1
 
Geostatistical Analysis for Classification
MM&A
 
completed
 
a
 
geostatistical
 
analysis
 
on
 
drill
 
holes
 
within
 
the reserve
 
boundaries
 
to
determine the applicability of the common United
 
States classification system for measured
and indicated and inferred coal
 
resources.
 
Historically, the United States has assumed that
coal within
 
0.4 kilometers
 
of a
 
point of
 
observation represents
 
a measured
 
resource whereas
coal between
 
0.4 kilometer
 
and 1.2
 
kilometers from
 
a point
 
of observation
 
is classified
 
as
indicated.
 
Inferred resources are commonly
 
assumed to be located
 
between 1.2 kilometers
and 4.8
 
kilometers from
 
a point
 
of observation.
 
Per SEC
 
regulations, only
 
measured and
indicated
 
resources
 
may
 
be
 
considered
 
for
 
reserve
 
classification,
 
respectively
 
as
 
proven
and probable reserves.
MM&A
 
performed
 
a
 
geostatistical
 
analysis
 
of
 
the
 
Buchanan
 
data
 
set
 
using
 
the
 
Drill
 
Hole
Spacing
 
Analysis
 
(
DHSA
)
 
method.
 
This
 
method
 
attempts
 
to
 
quantify
 
the
 
uncertainty
 
of
applying
 
a
 
measurement
 
from
 
a
 
central
 
location
 
to
 
increasingly
 
larger
 
square
 
blocks
 
and
provides recommendations for determining the distances between drill holes for measured,
indicated, and inferred resources.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg ex962p34i2.jpg ex962p34i1.jpg
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
25
To
 
perform
 
DHSA
 
the
 
data
 
set
 
was
 
processed
 
to
 
remove
 
any
 
erroneous
 
data
 
points,
clustered data
 
points, as
 
well as
 
directional trends.
 
This was
 
achieved through
 
the use of
histograms,
 
as
 
seen
 
in
Figure
 
11-1
,
 
color
 
coded
 
scatter
 
plots
 
showing
 
the
 
geospatial
positioning of the borings,
Figure 11-2
, and trend analysis.
Figure 11-1:
 
Histogram of the Total Seam
Thickness for the Pocahontas No. 3 Seam
Present in the Buchanan Mine Complex
Figure 11-2:
 
Scatter plot of the Total
Seam Thickness for the Pocahontas
No. 3 Seam Present in the Buchanan
Mine Complex
Following the
 
completion of
 
data processing,
 
a variogram
 
of the
 
data set
 
was created,
Figure
11
-3
.
 
The
 
variogram
 
plots
 
average
 
square
 
difference
 
against
 
the
 
separation
 
distance
between the data pairs.
 
The separation distance is broken
 
up into separate bins defined
 
by
a
 
uniform
 
lag
 
distance
 
(e.g.,
 
for
 
a
 
lag
 
distance
 
of
 
152
 
meters
 
the
 
bins
 
would
 
be
 
0
 
 
152
meters, 153 –
 
305 meters, etc.).
 
Each pair of
 
data points that
 
are less than
 
one lag distance
apart are reported
 
in the first bin.
 
If the data pair
 
is further apart
 
than one lag distance
 
but
less
 
than
 
two
 
lag
 
distances
 
apart,
 
then
 
the
 
variance
 
is
 
reported
 
in
 
the
 
second
 
bin.
 
The
numerical
 
average
 
for
 
differences
 
reported
 
for each
 
bin
 
is
 
then
 
plotted
 
on
 
the
 
variogram.
 
Care was taken to define the lag distance in such a way as to not
 
overestimate any nugget
effect
 
present
 
in
 
the
 
data
 
set.
 
Lastly,
 
modeled
 
equations,
 
often
 
spherical,
 
gaussian,
 
or
exponential,
 
are
 
applied
 
to
 
the
 
variogram
 
in
 
order
 
to
 
represent
 
the
 
data
 
set
 
across
 
a
continuous spectrum.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg ex962p35i1.jpg
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
26
Figure 11-3: Variogram of the Total
 
Seam Thickness for the Pocahontas No. 3 Seam
 
Present in the Buchanan Mine Complex
The estimation
 
variance is
 
then calculated
 
using information
 
from the
 
modeled
 
variogram
as
 
well
 
as
 
charts
 
published
 
by
 
Journel
 
and
 
Huijbregts
 
(1978).
 
This
 
value
 
estimates
 
the
variance from
 
applying a single
 
central measurement to
 
increasingly larger square
 
blocks.
 
Care was
 
taken to
 
ensure any
 
nugget effect
 
present
 
was added
 
back into
 
the data.
 
This
process was repeated for each test block size.
The final step of the process is to calculate the global estimation
 
variance.
 
In this step, the
number of square blocks
 
that would fit inside
 
the selected study area
 
is determined for each
block size
 
that was
 
investigated in
 
the previous
 
step.
 
The estimation
 
variance is
 
then divided
by
 
the
 
number
 
of
 
blocks
 
that
 
would
 
fit
 
inside
 
the
 
study
 
area
 
for
 
each
 
test
 
block
 
size.
 
Following
 
this
 
determination,
 
the
 
data
 
is
 
then
 
transformed
 
back
 
to
 
represent
 
the
 
relative
error in the 95th-percentile range.
Figure 11
 
-4
shows the results of the DHSA performed on the Pocahontas No. 3 seam data
for the Buchanan Mine.
 
DHSA provides hole to hole spacing values; these distances need
to be converted
 
to radius from
 
a central point
 
in order to
 
compare to the
 
historical standards.
 
A
 
summary
 
of
 
the
 
radius
 
data
 
is shown
 
in
Table
 
11-2
.
 
DHSA
 
prescribes
 
that
 
measured,
indicated, and
 
inferred drill hole
 
spacing be determined
 
at the 10-percent,
 
20-percent, and
50-percent levels of relative error, respectively.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ex962p36i1.jpg
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
27
Figure 11-4: Result of DHSA for the Pocahontas No. 3 Seam Present in the Buchanan Mine
Complex
Table 11
 
-2:
 
DHSA Results Summary for Radius from a Central
 
Point
Model:
Measured Radial Distance
(10% Relative Error)
Indicated Radial
Distance
(20% Relative Error)
Inferred Radial
Distance
(50% Relative Error)
(km)
(km)
(km)
Gaussian:
0.71
1.10
2.76
Spherical:
0.71
1.08
2.67
Exponential:
0.67
1.08
3.08
Comparing the results
 
of the DHSA
 
to the historical
 
standards, it is
 
evident that the
 
historical
standards
 
are
 
more
 
conservative
 
than
 
even
 
the
 
most
 
conservative
 
DHSA
 
model
 
with
regards to determining measured resources.
 
The Exponential model recommends using a
radius
 
of
 
0.67
 
kilometers
 
for
 
measured
 
resources compared
 
to
 
the historical
 
value
 
of
 
0.4
kilometers.
 
With
 
respect
 
to
 
indicated
 
resources,
 
the
 
DHSA
 
falls
 
in
 
line
 
closely
 
with
 
the
historical standards.
 
The Exponential
 
and Spherical
 
models recommend
 
using a
 
radius 1.08
kilometers,
 
while
 
the
 
Gaussian
 
model
 
recommends
 
a
 
radius
 
of
 
1.10
 
kilometers.
 
These
values line up closely
 
with the historical radius
 
of 1.2 kilometers.
 
These results have
 
led the
QPs to
 
report the
 
data following
 
the historical
 
classification standards,
 
rather than
 
use the
results of the DHSA.
11.2
 
Qualified Person’s Estimates
Mineral resources, representing
 
in-situ coal in
 
which a portion
 
of reserves are
 
derived, are
presented
 
below.
 
Based
 
on
 
the
 
work
 
described
 
and
 
detailed
 
modelling
 
of
 
the
 
areas
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
28
considering all the parameters defined, a
 
coal resource estimate, summarized in
Table
 
11-
3
, was prepared as of December 31, 2021, for property controlled by Coronado.
Table 11
 
-3:
 
Coal Resources Summary as of December 31, 2021
 
Coal Resource (Dry Tonnes, In Situ, Mt)
Resource Quality (Dry)
Area
Measured
Indicated
Inferred
Total
Ash%
Sulfur%
VM%
Inclusive of Reserves
157.0
19.0
0.0
176.1
25
0.7
16
Exclusive of Reserves
10.7
3.6
0.0
14.3
Total 12/31/2021
167.7
22.6
0.0
190.3
 
Note:
 
Resource tonnes are inclusive of reserve tonnes
 
since they include the in-situ tonnes from which
 
recoverable coal reserves
are derived.
Note 2:
 
Coal resources are reported
 
on a dry basis.
 
Surface moisture and inherent moisture are excluded.
Note 3: The Property contains 14.3 Mt of dry, in-place measured and
 
indicated coal resources exclusive of reserves as
 
of
December 31, 2021.
11.3
 
Resources Exclusive of Reserves
The Property
 
contains multiple
 
resource blocks
 
which were
 
not deemed
 
to exhibit
 
reserve
potential
 
at
 
the
 
time
 
of
 
the
 
study.
 
These
 
resources,
 
formally
 
identified
 
as
 
resources
exclusive of reserves, are located in
 
the Pocahontas No. 3 coal
 
seam.
 
Reasons which may
preclude elevation of resources to reserves include, but are not limited to:
1.
 
Unfavorable economics at the PFS level, yet economics could become attractive in the
future under different market conditions.
 
2.
 
Exclusion from LOM planning by mining operator due to remaining resource blocks
which are relatively small, isolated blocks and not currently attractive from an
operational perspective.
 
Multiple resource blocks in the active Buchanan Mine have
not been considered as reserve due to relatively small size and isolation.
11.3.1
 
Initial Economic Assessment
MM&A
 
completed
 
an
 
initial
 
economic
 
assessment
 
to
 
determine
 
the
 
potential
 
economic
viability
 
of
 
resources
 
exclusive
 
of
 
reserves.
 
Unlike
 
the
 
economic
 
analysis
 
presented
 
in
Chapter 19 developed to test reserves, the initial economic assessment
 
below is presented
on
 
a
 
real
 
basis
 
in
 
2022
 
dollars.
 
MM&A
 
applied
 
relevant
 
technical
 
factors
 
to
 
estimate
potential saleable tonnes
 
without the
 
resource blocks,
 
should the resources
 
be extracted via
deep,
 
continuous
 
mining
 
methods
 
given
 
that
 
their
 
irregular
 
and
 
isolated
 
nature
 
may
preclude
 
longwall
 
mining.
 
MM&A
 
developed
 
cash
 
cost
 
profiles
 
for
 
the
 
resource
 
blocks,
including
 
direct
 
cash
 
costs
 
(labor,
 
supplies,
 
roof
 
control,
 
maintenance
 
and
 
repair,
 
power,
and
 
other);
 
washing,
 
trucking,
 
materials
 
handling,
 
general
 
and
 
administrative,
 
and
environmental
 
costs;
 
and
 
indirect
 
cash
 
costs
 
(royalties,
 
production
 
taxes,
 
property
 
tax,
insurance).
 
Costs
 
were
 
developed
 
based
 
off
 
relevant
 
cost
 
drivers
 
(per-meter,
 
per-raw-
tonne, per-clean-tonne).
 
Additionally,
 
MM&A estimated
 
capital costs
 
to extract
 
resources.
 
Capital
 
costs
 
associated
 
with
 
mine
 
development
 
were
 
amortized
 
across
 
the
 
resource’s
potential
 
saleable
 
tonnages.
 
Additional
 
non-cash
 
items
 
(depreciation
 
of
 
equipment
 
and
depletion) and cash costs were compared to an assumed sale price of $94 per tonne (FOB
loadout),
 
representing
 
the
 
long-term
 
average
 
price
 
forecast
 
for
 
Buchanan
 
supplied
 
by
Coronado.
 
Results of the analysis are
 
shown below and demonstrate potential
 
profitability
on a fully loaded cost basis.
 
Detailed summaries are shown in
Appendix E
.
 
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ex962p38i1.jpg
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
29
Table 11
 
-4:
 
Results of Initial Economic Assessment
Seam
Resource
Block
Direct
Cash
Transportation,
Washing,
Enviro, G&A
Indirect
Non-Cash
Total Cost
Fully
Loaded
P&L
P3
N, NE,
NW
$51.09
$11.99
$6.58
$14.61
$84.28
$9.42
Figure 11-5:
 
Results of Initial Economic Assessment
11.4
 
Qualified Person’s Opinion
While
 
there
 
is
 
some
 
level
 
of
 
stratigraphically
 
controlled
 
seam-thickness
 
variability,
 
the
Pocahontas No. 3 coal seam at Buchanan demonstrates reasonable thickness consistency
according to the
 
classification system of
measured
 
(0 – 0.4
 
kilometer),
indicated
 
(0.4 to 1.2
kilometers), and
inferred
 
(1.2 to 4.8 kilometers).
 
MM&A geologists and engineers
 
modeled
the
 
deposit
 
and
 
delineated
 
mineable
 
regions
 
to
 
reflect
 
the
 
nature
 
of
 
each
 
seam
 
and
 
the
practicality
 
of
 
mining
 
constraints.
 
Based
 
on
 
MM&A’s
 
geostatistical
 
analysis,
 
it
 
would
 
be
possible to extend the measured arcs slightly beyond historically accepted practices due to
consistent geological settings.
 
These results have led the
 
QPs to report the data
 
following
the historical classification standards, rather than use the results of the DHSA.
Based
 
on
 
the
 
data
 
review,
 
the
 
attendant
 
work
 
done
 
to
 
verify
 
the
 
data
 
integrity
 
and
 
the
creation
 
of
 
an
 
independent
 
geologic
 
model,
 
the
 
QPs
 
believe
 
this
 
is
 
a
 
fair
 
and
 
accurate
representation of the Buchanan coal resources.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
30
12
Mineral Reserve Estimates
12.1
 
Assumptions, Parameters and Methodology
Coal Reserves
 
are classified
 
as
proven
 
or
probable
 
considering “modifying
 
factors” including
mining, metallurgical, economic, marketing, legal, environmental, social, and governmental
factors.
 
>
Proven Coal Reserves
 
are the economically mineable part of a measured coal
resource, adjusted for diluting materials and allowances for losses when the material is
mined.
 
It is based on appropriate assessment and studies in consideration of and
adjusted for reasonably assumed modifying factors.
 
These assessments demonstrate
that extraction could be reasonably justified at the time of reporting.
 
>
Probable Coal Reserves
 
are the economically mineable part of an indicated coal
resource, and in some circumstances a measured coal resource, adjusted for diluting
materials and allowances for losses when the material is mined.
 
It is based on
appropriate assessment and studies in consideration of and adjusted for reasonably
assumed modifying factors.
 
These assessments demonstrate that extraction could be
reasonably justified at the time of reporting.
 
Upon completion of delineation and calculation of coal resources, MM&A generated a LOM
plan for
 
Buchanan.
 
The footprint of
 
the reserve area
 
is shown on
 
the map
 
in
Appendix B
.
 
The Mine plan was generated based on the forecast
 
mine plan and permit plan provided by
Coronado
 
with
 
modifications
 
by
 
MM&A
 
where
 
necessary
 
due
 
to
 
current
 
property
 
control
limits, modifications to geologic mapping, or
 
other factors determined during the evaluation.
Carlson Mining software was used to generate the LOM plan for Buchanan.
 
The mine plan
was sequenced based on productivity
 
schedules provided by Coronado.
 
MM&A judged the
productivity estimates and
 
plans to be
 
reasonable based
 
on experience
 
and current industry
practice.
At the Buchanan No. 1 Mine, a minimum mining height of 1.83 meters was used due to the
longwall mining method being employed.
 
For coal seams thinner than the assigned mining
height, the difference between the coal seam
 
height and assigned mining height consists
 
of
out-of-seam dilution (
OSD
).
 
Mine recovery generally varies between 40 and 60 percent for
continuous mining panels,
 
and 100 percent for
 
longwall.
 
Plant recovery is a
 
function of in-
seam recovery,
 
OSD and
 
plant efficiency
 
factor,
 
which is
 
set at
 
95 percent.
 
Typical
 
entry
width is 5.79 meters to 6.10 meters.
Raw,
 
ROM
 
production
 
data
 
outputs
 
from
 
LOM
 
plan
 
sequencing
 
were
 
processed
 
into
Microsoft
®
 
EXCEL
 
spreadsheets and
 
summarized on
 
an
 
annual basis
 
for
 
processing
 
into
the economic model.
 
Average seam densities
 
were estimated to
 
determine raw
 
coal tonnes
produced
 
from
 
the
 
LOM
 
plan.
 
Average
 
mine
 
recovery
 
and
 
wash
 
recovery
 
factors
 
were
applied to determine coal reserve tonnes.
 
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
31
Coal
 
reserve
 
tonnes
 
in
 
this
 
evaluation
 
are
 
reported
 
at
 
a
 
6.0-percent
 
moisture
 
basis
 
and
represent the saleable product from the Property.
Pricing
 
data
 
as
 
provided
 
by
 
Coronado
 
is
 
described
 
in
Section
 
16.2
.
 
The
 
pricing
 
data
assumes a weighted
 
average domestic and international
 
FOB-mine price of
 
approximately
$197 per
 
metric tonne
 
for calendar
 
year 2022.
 
The weighted
 
average price
 
decreases to
approximately
 
$118
 
to
 
$126
 
per
 
metric
 
tonne
 
through
 
year
 
2026
 
and
 
averages
approximately $152 per metric tonne over the LOM.
The coal resource
 
mapping and estimation
 
process described in this
 
report was used
 
as a
basis for the coal
 
reserve estimate.
 
Proven and probable coal
 
reserves were derived from
the
 
defined
 
coal
 
resource
 
considering
 
relevant
 
processing,
 
economic
 
(including
 
technical
estimates of
 
capital, revenue,
 
and cost),
 
marketing, legal,
 
environmental, socio-economic,
and regulatory factors and are presented on a moist, recoverable basis.
As is customary in the US, the categories for proven and probable coal reserves are based
on the distances
 
from valid points
 
of measurement as
 
determined by the
 
QPs for the
 
area
under
 
consideration.
 
For
 
this
 
evaluation,
 
measured
 
resource,
 
which
 
may
 
convert
 
to
 
a
proven reserve, is based on a 0.4-kilometer radius from a valid point of observation.
Points of observation include exploration drill holes,
 
degas holes, and mine measurements
which have been
 
fully vetted and
 
processed into a
 
geologic model.
 
The geologic model
 
is
based
 
on
 
seam
 
depositional
 
modeling,
 
the
 
interrelationship
 
of
 
overlying
 
and
 
underlying
strata
 
on
 
seam
 
mineability,
 
seam
 
thickness
 
trends,
 
the
 
impact
 
of
 
seam
 
structure
 
(i.e.,
faulting),
 
intra-seam
 
characteristics,
 
etc.
 
Once
 
the
 
geologic
 
model
 
was
 
completed,
 
a
statistical analysis,
 
described in
Section 11.1.1
 
was conducted
 
and a
 
0.4-kilometer radius
from a valid point of observation was selected to define Measured Resources.
 
Likewise,
 
the
 
distance
 
between
 
0.4
 
and
 
1.2
 
of
 
a
 
kilometer
 
radius
 
was
 
selected
 
to
 
define
Indicated Resources.
 
Indicated Resources may convert to Probable Reserves.
 
There are
 
no Inferred
 
Resources (greater
 
than a
 
1.2-kilometer radius
 
from a
 
valid point
 
of
observation) at Buchanan.
12.2
 
Qualified Person’s Estimates
Reserve
 
tonnage
 
estimates
 
provided
 
herein
 
report
 
coal
 
reserves
 
derived
 
from
 
the
 
in-situ
resource
 
tonnes
 
presented
 
in
Table
 
11-3
,
 
and
 
not
 
in
 
addition
 
to
 
coal
 
resources.
 
Coal
reserves are presented on a ROM basis in
Table 12-1
.
 
Proven and probable coal reserves
were
 
derived
 
from
 
the
 
defined
 
coal
 
resource
 
considering
 
relevant
 
mining,
 
processing,
infrastructure, economic
 
(including estimates
 
of capital,
 
revenue, and
 
cost), marketing,
 
legal,
environmental,
 
socio-economic
 
and
 
regulatory
 
factors.
 
The
 
coal
 
reserves,
 
as
 
shown
 
in
Table
 
12-2
, are based on a technical evaluation of
 
the geology and a preliminary feasibility
study of
 
the coal
 
deposits.
 
The extent
 
to which
 
the coal
 
reserves may
 
be affected
 
by any
known environmental,
 
permitting, legal,
 
title, socio-economic,
 
marketing, political,
 
or other
relevant issues has
 
been reviewed rigorously.
 
Similarly,
 
the extent to
 
which the estimates
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
32
of coal reserves
 
may be materially
 
affected by mining,
 
metallurgical, infrastructure and
 
other
relevant factors has also been considered.
 
Table 12-1:
 
Coal ROM (Moist) Summary as of December 31, 2021
 
Demonstrated Coal Reserves (Mt, Moist ROM)
Quality (Dry)
 
By Reliability Category
By Mining Type
By Control Type
Area /
Mine
Proven
Probable
Total
Surface
UG
Owned
Leased
Subleased
Ash
Sulfur
Vol
Buchanan
142.3
17.3
159.6
0.0
159.6
25.8
128.8
5.0
42
0.7
12
Table 12-2:
 
Coal Reserves Summary (Marketable Sales Basis) as of
 
December 31, 2021
 
Demonstrated Coal Reserves (Wet Tons, Washed or Direct Shipped, Mt)
Quality (Dry Basis)
 
By Reliability Category
By Mining Type
By Control Type
Area / Mine
Proven
Probable
Total
Surface
UG
Owned
Leased
Subleased
Ash%
Sulfur%
VM%
Buchanan Mine
Complex
87.4
10.6
98.0
0.0
98.0
17.0
77.5
3.4
6
0.7
19
 
Note: Marketable reserve tonnes are reported
 
on a moist basis, including a combination of
 
surface and inherent moisture.
 
The
combination of surface and inherent moisture is
 
modeled between 4.5 and 6-percent, depending
 
upon mining method.
 
Actual
product moisture is dependent upon multiple geological
 
factors, operational factors, and product contract
 
specifications and can
exceed 8-percent.
 
As such, the modeled moisture values provide a level
 
of conservatism for reserve reporting.
The results of
 
this TRS define
 
an estimated 98.0
 
Mt of proven
 
and probable marketable
 
coal
reserves.
 
Of that total,
 
89 percent are
 
proven, and 11 percent are probable.
 
There are 17.0
Mt of owned
 
coal reserves and
 
77.5 Mt of
 
leased coal and
 
3.4 Mt of
 
subleased reserves.
 
All
the Buchanan reserves are considered suitable for
 
the metallurgical coal market, and all of
the Buchanan reserves are assigned.
12.3
 
Qualified Person’s Opinion
The
 
estimate of
 
coal
 
reserves was
 
determined
 
in accordance
 
with the
 
JORC Code
 
along
with SEC Regulation S-K 1300.
The LOM
 
mining plan
 
for Buchanan
 
was prepared
 
to the
 
level of
 
preliminary feasibility.
 
Mine
projections
 
were
 
prepared
 
with
 
a
 
timing
 
schedule
 
to
 
match
 
production
 
with
 
coal
 
seam
characteristics.
 
Production timing was carried out from current locations to depletion of the
coal reserve
 
area.
 
Coal reserve
 
estimates could
 
be materially
 
affected by
 
the risk
 
factors
described in
Section 22.2
.
 
Based on the preliminary feasibility study and the attendant economic review, the QPs
believe this is a fair and accurate calculation of the Buchanan coal reserves.
13
Mining Methods
13.1
 
Geotech and Hydrology
Mining
 
plans
 
for
 
potential
 
underground
 
mines
 
were
 
developed
 
by
 
Coronado
 
and
 
MM&A.
 
Pillar
 
stability
 
was
 
tested
 
by
 
MM&A
 
using
 
the
Analysis
 
of
 
Retreat
 
Mining
 
Pillar
 
Stability
(ARMPS
) and
Analysis of Longwall Pillar
 
Stability
(
ALPS
) programs that were
 
developed by
the
National Institute for
 
Occupational Safety and
 
Health (
NIOSH
)
.
 
MM&A reviewed the
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
33
results from the ARMPS
 
and ALPS analysis and
 
considered them in
 
the development of the
LOM plan.
Hydrology has
 
not been an
 
issue of
 
concern at Buchanan.
 
Based on numerous
 
site visits
to
 
both
 
the
 
surface
 
and
 
underground
 
portions
 
of
 
the
 
Property
 
by
 
the
 
QPs,
 
it
 
has
 
been
determined that
 
this is
 
not a
 
significant concern.
 
Mining of
 
future reserves
 
is projected
 
to
occur in areas which exhibit
 
similar hydrogeological characteristics as those
 
formerly mined
areas.
13.2
 
Production Rates
The Buchanan mine is active
 
with six continuous mining sections
 
and one longwall section
currently operating.
 
Operations at Buchanan by Coronado
 
and its predecessor have been
ongoing
 
for
 
many
 
years.
 
The
 
mine
 
plan
 
and
 
productivity
 
expectations
 
reflect
 
historical
performance
 
and
 
efforts
 
have
 
been
 
made
 
to
 
adjust
 
the
 
plan
 
to
 
reflect
 
future
 
conditions.
 
MM&A is
 
confident that
 
the mine
 
plan is
 
reasonably representative
 
to provide
 
an accurate
estimation
 
of
 
coal
 
reserves.
 
Mine
 
development
 
and
 
operation
 
have
 
not
 
been
 
optimized
within the TRS.
Longwall
 
production
 
is
 
scheduled
 
for
 
approximately
 
295
 
to
 
312
 
days
 
each
 
year,
 
which
represents
 
production
 
on
 
Monday
 
through
 
Saturday
 
with
 
allowances
 
for
 
holidays
 
and
longwall moves.
 
On each
 
day,
 
the continuous
 
mining sections
 
and longwall
 
produce coal
on three shifts.
 
The sections are configured as regular sections with one
 
continuous miner
available for production on each
 
section.
 
Productivity is planned at the
 
rate of 17.6 meters
to 21.7 meters of advance per
 
shift of operation for the
 
continuous miner sections, and 6.28
meters to 7.44 meters per shift of longwall retreat.
 
Carlson Mining
 
software was
 
used by
 
MM&A to
 
generate mine
 
plans for
 
the underground
mineable
 
coal
 
seam.
 
Coronado
 
recently
 
revised
 
the
 
Buchanan
 
mine
 
plan
 
with
 
an
independent headgate and tailgate for longwall panels in the South and Northeast districts.
 
Such a change was
 
made to allow for
 
an effective panel width of
 
982 feet, as
 
opposed to an
effective of width of 688
 
feet used previously.
 
The active areas in
 
the North and East,
 
along
with the future Northwest
 
area, are still based
 
on an effective
 
panel width of approximately
688 feet.
 
MM&A incorporated
 
this mine
 
plan revision
 
into the
 
layout and
 
subsequent reserve
estimates contained herein.
 
Mine plans were
 
sequenced based on
 
productivity schedules
provided
 
by
 
Coronado, which
 
were
 
based
 
on historically
 
achieved productivity
 
levels.
 
All
production forecasting
 
ties assumed
 
production rates
 
to geological
 
models as
 
constructed
by MM&A’s
 
team of geologists and mining engineers.
As shown in
Table 13-1
, the areas planned for underground production continue
 
until 2047.
 
Clean coal production varies directly with coal thickness.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
34
Table 13-1:
 
Summary of Production by Year (Tonnes x 1,000)
Mine
Name
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
Buchanan
4,336
3,813
3,744
3,695
4,538
4,336
4,317
4,563
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mine
Name
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
Buchanan
4,743
3,952
4,271
3,108
3,839
3,939
3,095
3,340
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mine
Name
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
Buchanan
3,854
4,722
4,655
3,755
3,575
3,583
3,399
3,154
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mine
Name
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
Buchanan
2,845
836
0
0
0
0
0
0
13.3
 
Mining Related Requirements
Although the
 
Continuous Miner
 
Sections are
 
significantly more
 
expensive to
 
operate on
 
a
cost-per-tonne basis, they are necessary
 
to open up areas of the
 
mine for the longwall.
 
At
the time of this study,
 
Buchanan had 6 operating continuous
 
miner stations that were used
to
 
develop
 
main
 
entries
 
and
 
gate
 
roads
 
in
 
preparation
 
for
 
the
 
longwall.
 
As
 
the
 
mine
develops, this number will be able to be reduced.
An additional
 
requirement at
 
Buchanan is
 
the drilling
 
of degas
 
holes prior
 
to mining.
 
This
process was initially developed as a
 
safety measure to extract methane
 
from the coal seam
prior to exposure to the workforce.
 
As such, it has been very effective.
More recently,
 
the methane extracted
 
has been able
 
to be processed
 
and sold.
 
However,
degasifying of the coal seam will continue as a safety measure regardless.
13.4
 
Required Equipment and Personnel
The Buchanan Mine is
 
currently Coronado’s only longwall
 
operation.
 
The longwall shearing
machine is used
 
for extraction of
 
coal at the
 
production face.
 
A chain conveyor
 
is used to
remove
 
coal
 
from
 
the
 
longwall
 
face
 
for
 
discharge
 
onto
 
the
 
conveyor
 
belt
 
which
 
then
ultimately
 
deliver
 
it
 
to
 
an
 
underground
 
storage
 
bunker.
 
Development
 
for
 
the
 
longwall
 
is
conducted by the extraction of coal from the production faces using continuous
 
miners and
haulage
 
using
 
shuttle
 
cars
 
to
 
a
 
feeder-breaker
 
located
 
at
 
the
 
tail
 
of
 
the
 
section
 
conveyor
belt.
 
The feeder-breaker
 
crushes large pieces
 
of coal and
 
rock and regulates
 
coal feed onto
the mine conveyor.
 
Roof-bolting machines are
 
used to support
 
the roof on
 
the development
sections
 
of
 
the
 
longwall mines.
 
Roof-bolting
 
machines
 
are
 
used
 
to
 
install
 
roof
 
bolts,
 
and
battery scoops are
 
available to clean
 
the mine entries
 
and assist in
 
delivery of mine
 
supplies
to work areas.
 
Other supplemental equipment such as personnel carriers, supply vehicles,
etc., are also used daily.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
35
Mine conveyors typically range in
 
width up to 1.83
 
meters.
 
Multiple belt flights are
 
arranged
in
 
series
 
to
 
deliver
 
raw
 
coal
 
to
 
the
 
underground
 
storage.
 
Along
 
the
 
main
 
and
 
sub-main
entries
 
and
 
panels,
 
a
 
travel
 
way
 
is
 
provided
 
for
 
personnel
 
and
 
materials
 
by
 
rubber-tired
equipment or
 
on rail.
 
The Buchanan
 
No. 1
 
Mine utilizes
 
a skip
 
hoist in
 
order to
 
transport
ROM
 
coal
 
from
 
the
 
underground
 
storage
 
bunker
 
to
 
the
 
surface
 
where
 
the
 
coal
 
may
 
be
sampled, crushed and washed in the preparation plant and stockpiled to await shipment.
 
Surface
 
ventilation
 
fans
 
are
 
installed
 
as
 
needed
 
to
 
provide
 
a
 
sufficient
 
volume
 
of
 
air
 
to
ventilate production sections, coal haulage and transport entries,
 
battery charging stations,
and
 
transformers
 
in
 
accordance
 
with
 
approved
 
plans.
 
High-voltage
 
cables
 
deliver
 
power
throughout
 
the
 
mine
 
where
 
transformers
 
reduce
 
voltage
 
for
 
specific
 
equipment
requirements.
 
The Mine Improvement and
 
New Emergency Response
 
Act of 2006
 
(
MINER
Act
)
 
requires
 
that
 
carbon
 
monoxide
 
detection
 
systems
 
be
 
installed
 
along
 
mine
 
conveyor
belts
 
and
 
that
 
electronic
 
two-way
 
tracking
 
and
 
communications
 
systems
 
be
 
installed
throughout underground mines.
 
Water is required to
 
control dust at
 
production sections and
along conveyor
 
belts, and
 
to cool
 
electric motors.
 
Water is
 
available from
 
nearby sources
and is distributed within the mine by pipelines as
 
required.
 
A total of 488 salary and hourly
employees are assigned to the mine.
14
Processing and Recovery Methods
14.1
 
Description or Flowsheet
Coronado
 
currently operates
 
a
 
coal preparation
 
plant
 
at Buchanan.
 
The Buchanan
 
Plant
operates at a feed rate
 
of approximately 1,270 raw tonnes
 
per hour (
tph
).
 
Coarse material
is
 
washed
 
in
 
a
 
heavy
 
medium
 
vessel,
 
the
 
intermediate-size
 
material
 
is
 
washed
 
in
 
heavy
medium
 
cyclones and
 
fine
 
material
 
is washed
 
using froth
 
flotation.
 
These processes
 
are
supported
 
by
 
the
 
requisite
 
screens,
 
centrifuges,
 
vacuum
 
filters,
 
sumps,
 
pumps,
 
and
distribution systems.
 
Processes and
 
equipment are
 
typical of
 
those used
 
in the
 
coal industry
and are in use in nearly all plants in the Central Appalachian Basin.
 
14.2
 
Requirements for Energy, Water,
 
Material and Personnel
Personnel have historically
 
been sourced from
 
the surrounding communities
 
in Buchanan,
Tazewell,
 
McDowell,
 
and
 
Pike
 
Counties,
 
and
 
have
 
proven
 
to
 
be
 
adequate
 
in
 
numbers
 
to
operate the
 
mine.
 
As mining
 
is common
 
in the surrounding
 
areas, the
 
workforce is
 
generally
familiar with mining practices, and many are experienced miners.
The Buchanan No.
 
1 Mine Complex
 
has sources of
 
water,
 
power, personnel,
 
and supplies
readily available
 
for use.
 
Water is
 
sourced locally from
 
a nearby abandoned
 
underground
mine.
 
Electricity is
 
sourced from
 
AEP.
 
The service
 
industry in
 
the areas
 
surrounding the
mine complex has historically provided supplies, equipment repairs and fabrication, etc.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
ex962p45i0.jpg
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
36
15
Infrastructure
The Coronado-owned
 
Buchanan Preparation
 
Plant services
 
the mine
 
via a
 
skip hoist
 
and
conveyor
 
belt system
 
which
 
transports extracted
 
coal from
 
an underground
 
bunker to
 
the
surface facility.
 
The NS rail line serves as the main means of transport from the mine.
As
 
an active
 
operation, the
 
necessary
 
support infrastructure
 
for Buchanan
 
is in
 
place.
 
In
addition to the plant and loadout, there are also portal facilities, including personnel access
to the mine, ventilation fans and a coal
 
hoisting skip shaft.
 
A map of the existing facilities in
Figure 15-1
.
Figure 15-1:
 
Buchanan Surface Facilities
16
Market Studies
16.1
 
Market Description
The
 
quality
 
characteristics
 
for
 
the
 
subject
 
coal
 
resources
 
and
 
coal
 
reserves
 
have
 
been
reviewed in
 
detail by
 
MM&A.
 
The drill
 
hole data
 
were utilized
 
to develop
 
average coal
 
quality
characteristics
 
for
 
the
 
mining
 
site.
 
These
 
average
 
coal
 
quality
 
characteristics
 
were
 
then
utilized
 
as
 
the
 
basis
 
for determining
 
the
 
various markets
 
into
 
which
 
the
 
saleable
 
coal
 
will
likely be placed.
 
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
37
The projected quality specifications for the Buchanan products are as shown in
Table
 
16-1
.
Table 16-1:
 
Quality Specifications by Product
 
Buchanan
 
HCC
PCI
Moisture (%)
7.50
7.50
Ash (%)
5.50
6.00
Sulfur (%)
0.75
0.85
Volatile Matter (%)
18.00
18.00
Btu/lb.
N/A
14,926
Fluidity (ddpm)
130
N/A
MMR (%)
1.69
N/A
CSR
40
N/A
FSI
8.5
N/A
Note:
 
All Specs are dry basis except Moisture and
 
Thermal
All the
 
mine production
 
serves the
 
metallurgical markets.
 
The metallurgical
 
coal is
 
marketed
as a low-volatile (typically less than 23 percent volatile matter content) product.
16.2
 
Price Forecasts
Coronado provided MM&A with price forecasts for the Buchanan operation.
 
Customer coal
pricing is
 
derived from
 
market observed
 
forward estimates
 
based on
 
global economic
 
supply
and demand
 
analysis which
 
is applied
 
to mine plan
 
sales volumes
 
and product
 
mix and
 
is
supplemented
 
with
 
Coronado’s
 
in-house
 
knowledge
 
of
 
applicable
 
rail
 
transportation
charges,
 
ocean
 
freight
 
charges
 
and
 
port
 
charges.
 
Concurrent
 
with
 
the
 
active
 
operation,
Buchanan’s
 
production is
 
assumed to
 
enter domestic
 
and international
 
low volatile
 
coking
coal
 
markets.
 
Pricing
 
provided
 
by
 
Coronado
 
assumes
 
applicable
 
quality
 
adjustments.
 
Pricing
 
was
 
provided
 
through
 
calendar
 
year
 
2050
 
(after
 
which
 
sales
 
prices
 
were
 
held
constant).
 
Coal price forecasts for
 
the Buchanan products were
 
provided by Coronado for
 
various coal
markets in terms of US nominal dollars per metric tonne.
 
16.3
 
Contract Requirements
Some contracts
 
are necessary
 
for successful
 
marketing of
 
the coal.
 
For Buchanan,
 
since
all
 
mining,
 
preparation
 
and
 
marketing
 
is
 
done
 
in-house,
 
the
 
remaining
 
contracts
 
required
are:
>
Transportation
 
– The Mine contracts with NS to transport the coal to either the
domestic customers or to the Pier 6 export terminal for overseas shipment.
>
Handling
 
– Contracts for loading vessels for export sales are necessary.
 
These are
typically handled by annual negotiations based on projected shipments.
>
Sales
– Sales contracts are a mix of spot and contract sales.
 
With the volatility of the
market, long-term contracts are not typically written.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
38
17
Environmental Studies, Permitting and Plans,
Negotiations or
 
Agreements with Local
Individuals
 
17.1
 
Results of Studies
MM&A completed a Limited Phase I
 
Environmental Site Assessment (
ESA
) on the Property
in April 2016 on behalf of Coronado.
 
Coronado reports not having conducted such a study
since the MM&A study.
 
The ESA
 
completed by MM&A included
 
a site inspection, review
 
of
historical records, a database search of state and federal regulatory records and interviews
to
 
identify
 
potential
 
recognized
 
environmental
 
conditions
 
(
RECs
)
 
that
 
may
 
create
environmental liability for the sites.
 
MM&A concluded that no long-term liabilities existed at
the time of the ESA.
Based
 
on
 
the
 
former
 
ESA
 
completed
 
by
 
MM&A,
 
it
 
is
 
the
 
QPs’
 
opinion
 
that
 
Buchanan
generally
 
has
 
a
 
record
 
consistent
 
with
 
industry
 
standards
 
regarding
 
compliance
 
with
applicable mining, water
 
quality, and environmental laws.
 
Estimated costs for
 
mine closure,
including
 
water
 
quality
 
monitoring
 
during
 
site
 
reclamation,
 
are
 
included
 
in
 
the
 
financial
models.
17.2
 
Requirements and Plans for Waste Disposal
Based on
 
a study
 
commissioned by
 
Coronado in June
 
2020, the current
 
Buchanan refuse
disposal site
 
adjacent to
 
the preparation
 
plant has
 
a capacity
 
of 29
 
million cubic
 
meters (
CM
)
as
 
currently
 
designed;
 
with
 
an
 
additional
 
lift
 
(No.
 
11),
 
the
 
capacity
 
is
 
37
 
million
 
CM.
 
Projected requirements
 
within the
 
MM&A financial
 
model
 
are 28.4
 
million CM.
 
Permitting
for such an expansion is anticipated to be achievable.
17.3
 
Permit Requirements and Status
All
 
mining
 
operations
 
are
 
subject
 
to
 
federal
 
and
 
state
 
laws
 
and
 
must
 
obtain
 
permits
 
to
operate
 
mines,
 
coal
 
preparation
 
and
 
related
 
facilities,
 
haul
 
roads,
 
and
 
other
 
incidental
surface
 
disturbances
 
necessary
 
for
 
mining
 
to
 
occur.
 
Permits
 
generally
 
require
 
that
 
the
permittee post a performance
 
bond in an amount
 
established by the regulatory
 
program to
provide
 
assurance
 
that
 
any
 
disturbance
 
or
 
liability
 
created
 
during
 
mining
 
operations
 
is
properly
 
restored
 
to
 
an
 
approved
 
post-mining
 
land
 
use
 
and
 
that
 
all
 
regulations
 
and
requirements of the
 
permits are fully
 
satisfied before the
 
bond is returned
 
to the permittee.
 
Significant penalties exist for
 
any permittee who fails
 
to meet the obligations of
 
the permits
including cessation of mining
 
operations, which can lead to
 
potential forfeiture of the
 
bond.
 
Any
 
company,
 
and
 
its directors,
 
owners
 
and officers,
 
which
 
are
 
subject
 
to bond
 
forfeiture
can be denied future permits under the program.
1
New permits or permit revisions will
 
occasionally be necessary to facilitate the
 
expansion or
addition
 
of
 
new
 
mining
 
areas
 
on
 
the
 
properties,
 
such
 
as
 
amendments
 
to
 
existing
 
permits
and
 
new
 
permits
 
for
 
mining
 
of
 
reserve
 
areas.
 
Exploration
 
permits
 
also
 
are
 
required.
 
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
39
Property under lease
 
includes provisions for
 
exploration among the
 
terms of the
 
lease.
 
New
or
 
modified
 
mining
 
permits
 
are
 
subject
 
to
 
a
 
public
 
advertisement
 
process
 
and
 
comment
period, and the public is provided an
 
opportunity to raise objections to any proposed
 
mining
operation.
 
MM&A is not aware of any specific prohibition of mining
 
on the subject property
and given sufficient
 
time and planning,
 
Coronado should be
 
able to secure
 
new permits to
maintain its planned mining operations within the
 
context of current regulations.
 
Necessary
permits
 
are in
 
place to
 
support
 
current production
 
on the
 
Property,
 
but
 
future
 
permits are
required to maintain and expand
 
production.
 
Portions of the Property
 
are located near local
communities.
 
Regulations
 
prohibit
 
mining
 
activities
 
within
 
91.44
 
meters
 
of
 
a
 
residential
dwelling, school, church, or
 
similar structure unless
 
written consent is
 
first obtained from the
owner of
 
the structure.
 
Where required, such
 
consents have been
 
obtained where
 
mining
is proposed beyond the regulatory limits.
Coronado
 
has
 
obtained
 
all
 
mining
 
and
 
discharge
 
permits
 
to
 
operate
 
its
 
mines
 
and
processing,
 
loadout,
 
or
 
related
 
facilities.
 
MM&A
 
is
 
unaware
 
of
 
any
 
obvious
 
or
 
current
Coronado
 
permitting
 
issues
 
that
 
are
 
expected
 
to
 
prevent
 
the
 
issuance
 
of
 
future
 
permits.
 
Buchanan, along with all coal producers, is
 
subject to a level of uncertainty regarding
 
future
clean
 
water
 
permits
 
due
 
to
United
 
States
 
Environmental
 
Protection
 
Agency
(
EPA
)
involvement with state programs.
The active Mining permit currently held by Buchanan is shown in
Table 17-1.
Table 17-1:
 
Buchanan Mining Permit
Type
Permit ID
Permit Name
$ Bond
Current
Status
Issued
Date
Expiration
Date
Hectares
NPDES
No.
Coal
Underground
1402152
Buchanan
No. 1 Mine
$2,541,000
Active
03/08/1983
03/08/2023
330.48
VA0082152
_________________________________________________________
1
 
Monitored under the Applicant Violator System (AVS) by the Federal Office of Surface Mining
17.4
 
Local Plans, Negotiations or Agreements
MM&A found no indication of agreements beyond the scope of federal or state regulations.
17.5
 
Mine Closure Plans
Applicable regulations require that
 
mines be properly closed,
 
and reclamation commenced
immediately
 
upon
 
abandonment.
 
In
 
general,
 
site
 
reclamation
 
includes
 
removal
 
of
structures, backfilling, regrading,
 
and revegetation of
 
disturbed areas.
 
Sediment control is
required
 
during
 
the
 
establishment
 
of
 
vegetation,
 
and
 
bond
 
release
 
generally
 
requires
 
a
minimum
 
five-year
 
period
 
of
 
site
 
maintenance,
 
water
 
sampling,
 
and
 
sediment
 
control
following mine completion.
 
This requirement is reduced to two years for certain operations
involving
 
re-mining.
 
Reclamation
 
of
 
underground
 
mines
 
includes
 
closure
 
and
 
sealing
 
of
mine openings such as portals and shafts in addition to the items listed above.
 
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
40
Estimated costs for mine
 
closure, including water quality
 
monitoring during site reclamation,
are included in the
 
financial model.
 
As with all mining
 
companies, an accretion calculation
is performed annually so the necessary Asset Retirement Obligations (
ARO
) can be shown
as a Liability on the balance sheet.
17.6
 
Qualified Person’s Opinion
The
 
Buchanan
 
Mine
 
is
 
an
 
operating
 
facility;
 
all
 
necessary
 
permits
 
for
 
current
 
production
have been
 
obtained.
 
The QPs
 
know
 
of no
 
reason that
 
any permits
 
revisions that
 
may be
required cannot be obtained.
 
Estimated expenditures for site closure and reclamation are included
 
in the financial model
for this site.
18
Capital and Operating Costs
18.1
 
Capital Cost Estimate
The
 
production
 
sequence
 
selected
 
for
 
a
 
property
 
must
 
consider
 
the
 
proximity
 
of
 
each
reserve area
 
to coal
 
preparation plants,
 
river docks and
 
railroad loading
 
points, along with
suitability of production equipment to
 
coal seam conditions.
 
The in-place infrastructure was
evaluated, and
 
any future
 
needs were
 
planned to
 
a level
 
suitable for
 
a Preliminary
 
Feasibility
Study and included in the Capital Forecast.
Coronado provided MM&A
 
with an inventory
 
of operating equipment
 
available at Buchanan.
 
MM&A’s
 
capital schedules assume that major
 
equipment rebuilds occur over the
 
course of
each machine’s remaining
 
assumed operating life.
 
Replacement equipment was
 
scheduled
based on MM&A’s
 
experience and knowledge of mining equipment and
 
industry standards
with respect to the useful life of such equipment.
A summary of the estimated capital for the Property is provided in
Figure 18-2
 
below.
 
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg ex962p14i1.jpg
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
41
Figure 18-1:
 
CAPEX
18.2
 
Operating Cost Estimate
Coronado
 
provided
 
historical
 
and
 
a
 
preliminary
 
five-year
 
projection
 
of
 
operating
 
costs
 
for
MM&A’s
 
review.
 
MM&A used
 
the historical
 
and/or budget
 
cost information
 
as a
 
reference
and
 
developed
 
a
 
personnel
 
schedule
 
for
 
the
 
mine.
 
Hourly
 
labor
 
rates
 
and
 
salaries
 
were
based upon information contained in Coronado’s financial summaries.
 
Fringe-benefit costs
were
 
developed
 
for
 
vacation
 
and
 
holidays,
 
federal
 
and
 
state
 
unemployment
 
insurance,
retirement,
 
workers’
 
compensation
 
and
 
pneumoconiosis,
 
casualty
 
and
 
life
 
insurance,
healthcare,
 
and
 
bonuses.
 
A
 
cost
 
factor
 
for
 
mine
 
supplies
 
was
 
developed
 
that
 
relates
expenditures
 
to
 
mine
 
advance
 
rates
 
for
 
roof-control
 
costs
 
and
 
other
 
mine-supply
 
costs
experienced
 
at
 
underground
 
mines.
 
Other
 
factors
 
were
 
developed
 
for
 
maintenance
 
and
repair costs, rentals, mine power, outside services and other direct mining costs.
 
Other cost
 
factors were
 
developed for
 
coal preparation
 
plant processing,
 
refuse handling,
coal
 
loading,
 
property
 
taxes,
 
and
 
insurance and
 
bonding.
 
Appropriate
 
royalty
 
rates
 
were
assigned for
 
production from
 
leased coal
 
lands, and
 
sales taxes
 
were calculated
 
for state
severance taxes, the federal black lung excise tax, and federal and state reclamation fees.
Mandated Sales Related Costs such as Black Lung Excise are summarized in
 
Table
 
18-1.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
42
Table 18-1:
 
Estimated Coal Production Taxes and Sales Costs
Description of Tax or Sales Cost
Basis of Assessment
Cost
Federal Black Lung Excise Tax - Underground
Per Tonne
$1.21
 
Federal Reclamation Fees – Underground
Per Tonne
$0.13
 
Virginia Reclamation Tax – Underground
Per Tonne
$0.05
 
Virginia Severance Tax
 
2%
Royalties – Underground
Percentage of Revenue
3.65%
Notes:
 
1.
 
Federal black lung excise tax is paid only on
 
coal sold domestically.
 
MM&A assumed 45%
of total coal sales to be domestic in the economic analysis
 
discussed below.
 
A summary of the projected Operating Costs is in
Table
 
18-2
.
Table 18-2:
 
Buchanan Mine Operating Costs
 
Total
YE
12/31
2022
YE
12/31
2023
YE
12/31
2024
YE
12/31
2025
YE
12/31
2026
YE
12/31
2027
YE
12/31
2028
YE
12/31
2029
Remaining
LOM
Average
ROM Production
Tonnes
168.5
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
9.1
7.4
7.6
7.8
6.0
Yield
58.16
%
59.40
%
52.48
%
51.13
%
50.55
%
49.87
%
58.44
%
57.17
%
58.65
%
60.18%
Saleable Production
Tonnes
98.0
4.3
3.8
3.7
3.7
4.5
4.3
4.3
4.6
3.6
 
Thermal Tonnes
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Domestic & Non-Asia
Export Met Tonnes
31.6
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.2
Export Met Tonnes
66.4
2.9
2.6
2.5
2.5
3.1
2.9
2.9
3.1
2.4
 
Total Saleable Tonnes
98.0
4.3
3.8
3.7
3.7
4.5
4.3
4.3
4.6
3.6
 
Cash Costs per Tonne:
Mining Costs
$61.03
 
$49.68
 
$53.80
 
$56.63
 
$58.66
 
$50.02
 
$52.22
 
$53.78
 
$52.19
 
 
$65.08
 
Processing and
Transport
 
$8.76
 
 
$8.15
 
 
$8.00
 
 
$8.32
 
 
$8.54
 
 
$7.72
 
 
$7.55
 
 
$7.86
 
 
$7.81
 
 
$9.17
 
Sales Related Costs
 
$8.04
 
$10.09
 
 
$6.53
 
 
$7.04
 
 
$7.04
 
 
$6.67
 
 
$6.82
 
 
$6.96
 
 
$7.10
 
 
$8.42
 
G&A
 
$2.12
 
 
$1.55
 
 
$1.79
 
 
$1.86
 
 
$1.92
 
 
$1.62
 
 
$1.84
 
 
$1.87
 
 
$1.91
 
 
$2.29
 
 
Total Cash Costs
$79.95
 
$69.47
 
$70.12
 
$73.84
 
$76.16
 
$66.03
 
$68.42
 
$70.48
 
$69.01
 
 
$84.95
 
19
Economic
 
Analysis
19.1
 
Assumptions, Parameters and Methods
A
 
pre-feasibility LOM
 
plan
 
was prepared
 
by MM&A
 
for
 
the Buchanan
 
operations.
 
MM&A
prepared
 
mine
 
projections
 
and
 
production
 
timing
 
forecasts
 
based
 
on
 
coal
 
seam
characteristics.
 
Production timing
 
was
 
carried out
 
from 2022
 
to
 
depletion (exhaustion)
 
of
the coal reserve areas, which
 
is projected for the year 2047.
 
All costs and prices are
 
based
on 2021 nominal United States dollars.
The
 
Mine
 
plan,
 
productivity
 
expectations
 
and
 
cost
 
estimates
 
generally
 
reflect
 
historical
performance by Coronado
 
and efforts have
 
been made to
 
adjust plans and costs
 
to reflect
future conditions.
 
MM&A is confident
 
that the mine plan
 
and financial model
 
are reasonably
representative to provide an accurate estimation of coal reserves.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
43
Capital schedules were developed by MM&A for mine development, infrastructure, and on-
going
 
capital
 
requirements
 
for
 
the
 
life
 
of
 
the
 
mine.
 
Staffing
 
levels
 
were
 
prepared,
 
and
operating
 
costs
 
estimated
 
by
 
MM&A.
 
MM&A
 
utilized
 
historical
 
cost
 
data
 
provided
 
by
Coronado and
 
its own knowledge
 
and experience to
 
estimate direct and
 
indirect operating
costs.
 
The preliminary feasibility financial model, prepared for this TRS, was
 
developed to test the
economic
 
viability
 
of
 
the
 
coal
 
reserve
 
area.
 
The
 
results
 
of
 
this
 
financial
 
model
 
are
 
not
intended to
 
represent a
 
bankable feasibility
 
study,
 
required for
 
financing of
 
any current
 
or
future mining
 
operations, but
 
are intended to
 
prove the
 
economic viability of
 
the estimated
coal
 
reserves.
 
All
 
costs
 
and
 
prices
 
are
 
based
 
on
 
2021
 
nominal
 
United
 
States
 
dollars
assuming a 2% inflation rate.
On an unlevered basis, the NPV of the project cash flows after taxes
 
was estimated for the
purpose
 
of
 
classifying coal
 
reserves.
 
The project
 
cash flows,
 
excluding
 
debt service,
 
are
calculated
 
by
 
subtracting direct
 
and
 
indirect operating
 
expenses and
 
capital expenditures
from
 
revenue.
 
Direct
 
costs
 
include
 
labor,
 
drilling
 
and
 
blasting,
 
operating
 
supplies,
maintenance
 
and
 
repairs,
 
facilities
 
costs
 
for
 
materials
 
handling,
 
coal
 
preparation,
 
refuse
disposal,
 
coal
 
loading,
 
sampling
 
and
 
analysis
 
services,
 
reclamation
 
and
 
general
 
and
administrative costs.
 
Indirect costs
 
include statutory
 
and legally
 
agreed upon
 
fees related
to direct extraction of the mineral.
 
The indirect costs are the federal black
 
lung tax, federal
and
 
state
 
reclamation taxes,
 
property taxes,
 
local
 
transportation prior
 
to delivery
 
at rail
 
or
barge loading sites, coal production royalties, sales
 
and use taxes, income taxes and state
severance taxes.
 
Coronado’s historical costs provided a useful reference
 
for MM&A’s
 
cost
estimates.
Sales
 
revenue
 
is
 
based
 
on
 
the metallurgical
 
coal
 
price
 
information provided
 
to
 
MM&A
 
by
Coronado.
Projected debt service is excluded from the P&L and cash flow model in order to determine
Enterprise Value.
The financial model expresses
 
coal sales prices, operating costs,
 
and capital expenditures
in current day dollars without
 
adjustment for inflation.
 
Capital expenditures and reclamation
costs are
 
included based on
 
engineering estimates for
 
each mine by
 
year.
 
The Coronado
division’s existing allocations of administrative costs are continued in the future projections.
Coronado
 
will
 
pay
 
royalties
 
for
 
the various
 
current
 
and
 
projected
 
operations.
 
The royalty
rates vary by mining method and location.
 
The royalty rates for Buchanan are estimated to
be 3.0% of the sales revenue.
The projection
 
model also
 
includes consolidated
 
income tax
 
calculations at
 
the Coronado
level,
 
incorporating
 
statutory
 
depletion
 
calculations,
 
as
 
well
 
as
 
state
 
income
 
taxes,
 
and
 
a
federal
 
tax
 
rate
 
of
 
21%.
 
To
 
the
 
extent
 
the
 
mine
 
generates
 
net
 
operating
 
losses
 
for
 
tax
purposes, the
 
losses are
 
carried over
 
to offset
 
future taxable
 
income.
 
The terms
 
“cash flows”
and “project cash flows” used in this report refer to after tax cash flows.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg ex962p53i1.jpg
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
44
Consolidated
 
cash
 
flows
 
are
 
driven
 
by
 
annual
 
sales
 
tonnage,
 
which
 
at
 
steady-state
 
level
ranges
 
from
 
a
 
peak
 
of
 
4.7
 
million
 
tonnes
 
in
 
2030
 
to
 
a
 
low
 
of
 
0.8
 
million
 
tonnes
 
in
 
2047.
 
Projected consolidated
 
revenue ranges
 
from $442.2
 
million to
 
$852.6 million
 
at steady
 
state.
 
Revenue totals $14.9 billion for the project’s life.
Consolidated
 
cash
 
flow
 
from
 
operations
 
is
 
positive
 
throughout
 
the
 
projected
 
operating
period,
 
with
 
the
 
exception
 
of
 
post-production
 
years,
 
due
 
to
 
end-of-mine
 
reclamation
spending.
 
Consolidated
 
cash
 
flow
 
from
 
operations
 
peaks
 
at
 
$337.9
 
million
 
in
 
2022
 
and
totals $5.9
 
billion over
 
the project’s
 
life.
 
Capital expenditures
 
total $367.7
 
million through
2026 and $1.5 billion over the project’s life.
 
Coal price forecasts for coal products were prepared by Coronado for its active operations.
 
Such prices were used
 
for the revenue input
 
into the financial model.
 
Sales variable costs
such as production royalties and severance taxes were based upon the revenue input.
19.2
 
Results
The pre-feasibility financial model,
 
prepared by MM&A for
 
this TRS, was developed
 
to test
the economic viability
 
of each coal
 
resource area.
 
The results of
 
this financial model
 
are not
intended to
 
represent a
 
bankable feasibility
 
study,
 
as may be
 
required for
 
financing of
 
any
current or
 
future mining
 
operations contemplated
 
but are
 
intended to
 
prove the
 
economic
viability of
 
the estimated
 
coal reserves.
 
Optimization of
 
the LOM
 
plan was
 
outside the
 
scope
of the engagement.
Figure
 
19-1
 
shows
 
the
 
annual
 
variance
 
of
 
cash
 
costs
 
per
 
ton.
 
Table
 
19-1
 
shows
 
LOM
tonnage, P&L, and EBITDA for Buchanan.
Figure 19-1:
 
Cash Costs per Tonne
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
45
As shown
 
above, the
 
Buchanan Mine’s
 
average cash
 
cost ranges
 
between approximately
$66 and $96 per tonne for most of the operating period.
Table 19-1:
 
Life-of-Mine Tonnage, P&L before Tax, and EBITDA
 
LOM
LOM
P&L
LOM
EBITDA
 
Tonnes
Pre-Tax P&L
Per Tonne
EBITDA
Per Tonne
Buchanan
98,005
$5,181,446
$52.87
$7,073,988
$72.18
As shown
 
in
Table 19-1,
 
the Buchanan
 
Mine shows
 
positive EBITDA
 
over the
 
LOM.
 
Overall,
Coronado’s consolidated
 
operations show
 
positive LOM
 
P&L and
 
EBITDA of
 
$5.2 billion
 
and
$7.1
 
billion,
 
respectively.
 
A
 
summary
 
of
 
the
 
key
 
financial
 
performance
 
metrics
 
projected
through 2029 is provided below in
Table 19-2
.
Table 19-2:
 
Summary of Buchanan Key Financial Performance Metrics
 
(2022-2029)
 
 
YE
12/31
2022
YE
12/31
2023
YE
12/31
2024
YE
12/31
2025
YE
12/31
2026
YE
12/31
2027
YE
12/31
2028
YE
12/31
2029
Remaining
 
Total
LOM
Average
ROM Production Tonnes
 
168.5
 
 
7.3
 
 
7.3
 
 
7.3
 
 
7.3
 
 
9.1
 
 
7.4
 
 
7.6
 
 
7.8
 
 
6.0
 
Yield
58.16%
59.40%
52.48%
51.13%
50.55%
49.87%
58.44%
57.17%
58.65%
60.18%
Saleable Production Tonnes
*
 
98.0
 
 
4.3
 
 
3.8
 
 
3.7
 
 
3.7
 
 
4.5
 
 
4.3
 
 
4.3
 
 
4.6
 
 
3.6
 
 
Thermal Tonnes
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
Domestic & Non-Asia Export Met
Tonnes
 
31.6
 
 
1.4
 
 
1.2
 
 
1.2
 
 
1.2
 
 
1.5
 
 
1.4
 
 
1.4
 
 
1.5
 
 
1.2
 
Export Met Tonnes
 
66.4
 
 
2.9
 
 
2.6
 
 
2.5
 
 
2.5
 
 
3.1
 
 
2.9
 
 
2.9
 
 
3.1
 
 
2.4
 
 
Total Saleable Tonnes
 
98.0
 
 
4.3
 
 
3.8
 
 
3.7
 
 
3.7
 
 
4.5
 
 
4.3
 
 
4.3
 
 
4.6
 
 
3.6
 
 
Cash Costs per Tonne:
Mining Costs
 
$61.03
 
 
$49.68
 
 
$53.80
 
 
$56.63
 
 
$58.66
 
 
$50.02
 
 
$52.22
 
 
$53.78
 
 
$52.19
 
 
$65.08
 
Processing and Transport
 
$8.76
 
 
$8.15
 
 
$8.00
 
 
$8.32
 
 
$8.54
 
 
$7.72
 
 
$7.55
 
 
$7.86
 
 
$7.81
 
 
$9.17
 
Sales Related Costs
 
$8.04
 
 
$10.09
 
 
$6.53
 
 
$7.04
 
 
$7.04
 
 
$6.67
 
 
$6.82
 
 
$6.96
 
 
$7.10
 
 
$8.42
 
G&A
 
$2.12
 
 
$1.55
 
 
$1.79
 
 
$1.86
 
 
$1.92
 
 
$1.62
 
 
$1.84
 
 
$1.87
 
 
$1.91
 
 
$2.29
 
 
Total Cash Costs
 
$79.95
 
 
$69.47
 
 
$70.12
 
 
$73.84
 
 
$76.16
 
 
$66.03
 
 
$68.42
 
 
$70.48
 
 
$69.01
 
 
$84.95
 
 
EBITDA per Tonne
 
$72.18
 
$127.13
 
 
$48.86
 
 
$44.28
 
 
$46.67
 
 
$59.82
 
 
$60.25
 
 
$61.06
 
 
$65.36
 
 
$75.83
 
 
Expansion CapEx ($M)
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
Maintenance CapEx ($M)
$1,472.8
 
 
$86.1
 
 
$100.5
 
 
$83.2
 
 
$56.6
 
 
$41.2
 
 
$64.3
 
 
$42.4
 
 
$43.2
 
 
$41.5
 
 
Total CapEx
$1,472.8
 
 
$86.1
 
 
$100.5
 
 
$83.2
 
 
$56.6
 
 
$41.2
 
 
$64.3
 
 
$42.4
 
 
$43.2
 
 
$41.5
 
After Tax
 
Cash Flows were developed in
 
order to calculate the NPV
 
for this Property.
 
The
NPV
 
is
 
estimated
 
to
 
be
 
$1.580
 
billion
 
at
 
a
 
discount
 
rate
 
of
 
10.0%.
 
A
 
summary
 
of
 
the
Buchanan after-tax cash flow is shown in
Table 19-3
.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
46
Table 19-3:
 
Project Cash Flow Summary (000)
 
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
 
Total
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
Production & Sales tonnes
98,006
4,336
3,813
3,744
3,695
4,538
Total
 
Revenue
$14,909,133
$852,553
$453,707
$442,240
$453,787
$571,159
EBITDA
$7,073,988
$551,294
$186,311
$165,773
$172,414
$271,491
Net Income
$4,054,532
$377,442
$93,097
$72,548
$75,185
$145,767
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$5,859,417
$337,923
$226,272
$153,087
$153,971
$213,893
Purchases of Property, Plant, and
Equipment
$(1,472,794)
$(86,124)
$(100,502)
$(83,189)
$(56,642)
$(41,201)
Net Cash Flow
$4,386,623
$251,799
$125,770
$69,897
$97,330
$172,692
 
 
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
 
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
Production & Sales tonnes
4,336
4,317
4,563
4,743
3,952
4,271
Total
 
Revenue
$557,876
$567,848
$613,229
$651,531
$554,839
$612,889
EBITDA
$261,229
$263,595
$298,286
$329,317
$241,336
$290,107
Net Income
$137,877
$136,093
$168,482
$198,902
$134,763
$170,606
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$224,239
$225,319
$245,987
$268,534
$221,190
$234,873
Purchases of Property, Plant, and
Equipment
$(64,303)
$(42,396)
$(43,244)
$(44,109)
$(69,604)
$(70,996)
Net Cash Flow
$159,936
$182,923
$202,743
$224,425
$151,586
$163,877
 
 
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
 
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
Production & Sales tonnes
3,108
3,839
3,939
3,095
3,340
3,854
Total
 
Revenue
$455,561
$575,148
$603,143
$484,105
$533,867
$629,465
EBITDA
$171,051
$260,914
$280,917
$178,788
$209,249
$308,476
Net Income
$81,103
$150,643
$164,665
$84,421
$111,746
$188,224
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$173,291
$204,491
$231,972
$176,230
$175,626
$239,334
Purchases of Property, Plant, and
Equipment
$(46,809)
$(47,745)
$(48,700)
$(76,848)
$(50,667)
$(51,681)
Net Cash Flow
$126,482
$156,746
$183,272
$99,382
$124,959
$187,653
 
 
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
 
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
Production & Sales tonnes
4,722
4,655
3,755
3,575
3,583
3,399
Total
 
Revenue
$787,800
$793,604
$622,752
$614,673
$623,815
$595,730
EBITDA
$447,013
$443,613
$291,006
$284,502
$313,239
$288,266
Net Income
$294,103
$290,483
$171,552
$167,105
$191,132
$171,155
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$337,444
$359,579
$270,111
$240,394
$255,553
$244,949
Purchases of Property, Plant, and
Equipment
$(52,714)
$(53,768)
$(82,766)
$(52,909)
$(53,968)
$(55,047)
Net Cash Flow
$284,729
$305,811
$187,345
$187,485
$201,586
$189,902
 
 
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
 
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
Production & Sales tonnes
3,154
2,845
836
-
-
-
Total
 
Revenue
$573,015
$527,068
$157,730
$-
$-
$-
EBITDA
$271,208
$272,078
$22,517
$-
$-
$-
Net Income
$157,961
$159,633
$(32,899)
$(4,084)
$(1,660)
$(850)
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$230,687
$227,781
$74,345
$(51,806)
$(17,614)
$(8,983)
Purchases of Property, Plant, and
Equipment
$(56,148)
$(40,714)
$-
$-
$-
$-
Net Cash Flow
$174,539
$187,067
$74,345
$(51,806)
$(17,614)
$(8,983)
 
 
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ex962p56i1.jpg
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
47
 
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
 
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
Production & Sales tonnes
-
-
-
-
-
-
Total
 
Revenue
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
EBITDA
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
Net Income
$(436)
$(226)
$(0)
$(0)
$(0)
$(0)
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$(4,581)
$(4,673)
$-
$-
$-
$-
Purchases of Property, Plant, and
Equipment
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
Net Cash Flow
$(4,581)
$(4,673)
$-
$-
$-
$-
19.3
 
Sensitivity
Sensitivity of the NPV results to changes in
 
the key drivers is presented in the chart below.
 
The
 
sensitivity
 
study
 
shows
 
the
 
NPV
 
at
 
the
 
10.0%
 
discount
 
rate
 
when
 
Base
 
Case
 
sales
prices, operating costs, and capital costs are increased
 
and decreased in increments of 5%
within a +/- 15% range.
Figure 19-2:
 
Sensitivity of NPV
As shown, NPV
 
is quite sensitive
 
to change in
 
sales price and
 
operating cost estimates,
 
and
slightly sensitive to changes in capital cost estimates.
20
Adjacent Properties
20.1
 
Information used
No proprietary
 
information associated with
 
neighboring properties was
 
used as part
 
of this
study.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
48
21
Other Relevant Data and Information
MM&A performed a previous audit of all the properties in year 2017
 
for Coronado based on
SEC
 
Industry
 
Guide
 
7
 
standards.
 
In
 
addition,
 
MM&A
 
completed
 
a
 
Limited
 
Phase
 
I
Environmental
 
Site
 
Assessment
 
(
ESA
)
 
on
 
the
 
Property
 
in
 
2016
 
on
 
behalf
 
of
 
Coronado.
 
MM&A conducted a Joint Ore Reserve Committee (
JORC
) compliant resource and reserve
assessment of the Buchanan
 
assets effective January 1,
 
2018.
 
By assignment, the JORC
assessment
 
included
 
a
 
preliminary
 
feasibility
 
level
 
study
 
of
 
the
 
subject
 
coal
 
reserves,
encompassing
 
detailed
 
mine
 
planning and
 
cost analysis
 
through
 
depletion of
 
Buchanan’s
JORC-compliant coal
 
reserves.
 
MM&A utilized
 
this former
 
preliminary feasibility
 
study as
the basis of an updated study which meets those standards set forth by the SEC.
22
Interpretation and Conclusions
22.1
 
Conclusion
Sufficient data have been obtained
 
through various exploration and
 
sampling programs and
mining operations to support the geological interpretations of seam structure and thickness
for coal horizons situated on the Property.
 
The data are of sufficient quantity and
 
reliability
to reasonably support the coal resource and coal reserve estimates in this TRS.
The geological data and
 
preliminary feasibility study, which consider mining
 
plans, revenue,
and operating
 
and capital
 
cost estimates
 
are sufficient
 
to support
 
the classification
 
of coal
reserves provided herein.
This
 
geologic
 
evaluation
 
conducted
 
in
 
conjunction
 
with
 
the
 
preliminary
 
feasibility
 
study
 
is
sufficient
 
to conclude
 
that the
 
98.0 Mt
 
of marketable
 
underground coal
 
reserves identified
on the Property are economically mineable
 
under reasonable expectations of market prices
for metallurgical coal products, estimated operation costs, and capital expenditures.
22.2
 
Risk Factors
Risks have been identified for operational, technical and administrative subjects addressed
in the Pre-Feasibility Study.
 
A risk matrix
 
has been constructed to
 
present the risk levels
 
for
all the risk factors identified and quantified
 
in the risk assessment process.
 
The risk matrix
and
 
risk assessment
 
process are
 
modelled according
 
to the
 
Australian and
 
New Zealand
Standard on Risk Management (AS/NZS 4360).
 
The purpose
 
of the
 
characterization of
 
the project
 
risk components is
 
to inform
 
the project
stakeholders of
 
key aspects
 
of the
 
Coronado projects
 
that can
 
be impacted
 
by events
 
whose
consequences
 
can
 
affect
 
the
 
success
 
of
 
the
 
venture.
 
The
 
significance
 
of
 
an
 
impacted
aspect
 
of
 
the
 
operation
 
is
 
directly
 
related
 
to
 
both
 
the
 
probability
 
of
 
occurrence
 
and
 
the
severity of
 
the consequences.
 
The initial
 
risk for
 
a risk
 
factor is
 
herein defined
 
as the
 
risk
level
 
after
 
the
 
potential
 
impact
 
of
 
the
 
risk
 
factor
 
is
 
addressed
 
by
 
competent
 
and
 
prudent
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
49
management utilizing
 
control measures
 
readily available.
 
Residual risk
 
for a
 
risk factor
 
is
herein
 
defined
 
as
 
the
 
risk
 
level
 
following
 
application
 
of
 
special
 
mitigation
 
measures
 
if
management determines
 
that the
 
initial risk
 
level is
 
unacceptable.
 
Initial risk
 
and residual
risk can be
 
quantified numerically,
 
derived by the
 
product of values
 
assigned to probability
and consequence ranging from very low risk to very high risk.
 
The probability and
 
consequence parameters are
 
subjective numerical estimates
 
made by
practiced mine
 
engineers and
 
managers.
 
Both are
 
assigned values
 
from 1
 
to 5
 
for which
the
 
value
 
1
 
represents
 
the
 
lowest
 
probability
 
and
 
least
 
consequence,
 
and
 
the
 
value
 
5
represents the
 
highest probability
 
and greatest
 
consequence.
 
The products,
 
which define
the Risk Level, are classified from very low to very high.
 
Risk Level Table
 
(R = P x C)
Risk Level (R)
Very Low (1 to 2)
Low (3 to 5)
Moderate (6 to 11)
High (12 to 19)
Very High (20 to 25)
Risk aspects identified and evaluated during this assignment
 
total 12.
 
No residual risks are
rated Very High.
 
One (1) residual risk is rated High.
 
Seven (7) of the risk aspects could be
associated with Moderate residual risk.
 
Four (4) of the risk
 
aspects were attributed Low
 
or
Very Low residual risks.
 
22.2.1
 
Governing Assumptions
The listing of
 
the aspects is
 
not presumed to
 
be exhaustive.
 
Instead that listing
 
is presented
based on the experiences of the contributors to the TRS.
 
1.
 
The probability and consequence ratings are subjectively assigned, and it is
assumed that this subjectivity reasonably reflects the condition of the active and
projected mine operations.
2.
 
The Control Measures shown in the matrices presented in this chapter are not
exhaustive.
 
They represent a condensed collection of activities that the author of the
risk assessment section has observed to be effective in coal mining scenarios.
 
3.
 
Mitigation Measures listed for each risk factor of the operation are not exhaustive.
 
The measures listed, however, have been observed by the author to be effective.
 
4.
 
The monetary values used in ranking the consequences are generally-accepted
quantities for the coal mining industry.
22.2.2
 
Limitations
The risk
 
assessment proposed
 
in this
 
report is
 
subject to
 
the limitations
 
of the
 
information
currently collected, tested, and interpreted at the time of the writing of this report.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
50
22.2.3
 
Methodology
The numerical quantities (i.e., risk levels) attributable to either “initial” or “residual” risks are
derived by the
 
product of values
 
assigned to probability
 
and consequence ranging
 
from very
low risk to very high risk.
R = P x C
Where:
R = Risk Level
P = Probability of Occurrence
C = Consequence of Occurrence
The Probability (P)
 
and Consequence (C)
 
parameters recited in
 
the formula are
 
subjective
numerical estimates made
 
by practiced mine
 
engineers and managers.
 
Both P and
 
C are
assigned
 
integer
 
values
 
ranging
 
from
 
1
 
to
 
5
 
for
 
which
 
the
 
value
 
1
 
represents
 
the
 
lowest
probability and
 
least consequence,
 
and the
 
value 5
 
represents the
 
highest probability
 
and
greatest consequence.
 
The products (R
 
= P x
 
C) which define
 
the Risk Level,
 
are thereafter
classified from very low to very high.
Risk Level Table
Risk Level (R)
Very Low (1 to 2)
Low (3 to 5)
Moderate (6 to 11)
High (12 to 19)
Very High (20 to 25)
Very
 
high initial risks
 
are considered to
 
be unacceptable and
 
require corrective action
 
well
in advance of project
 
development.
 
In short, measures must
 
be applied to reduce
 
very high
initial risks to a tolerable level.
 
As
 
shown
 
and
 
discussed
 
above,
 
after
 
taking
 
into
 
account
 
the
 
operational,
 
technical,
 
and
administrative actions that have been applied or are available for action when required, the
residual
 
risk
 
can
 
be
 
determined.
 
The
 
residual
 
risk
 
provides
 
a
 
basis
 
for
 
the
 
management
team
 
to
 
determine
 
if
 
the
 
residual
 
risk
 
level
 
is
 
acceptable
 
or
 
tolerable.
 
If
 
the
 
risk
 
level
 
is
determined to be unacceptable, further actions should
 
be considered to reduce the residual
risk to acceptable or tolerable levels to provide justification for continuation of the proposed
operation.
22.2.4
 
Development of the Risk Matrix
Risks
 
have
 
been
 
identified
 
for
 
the
 
technical,
 
operational,
 
and
 
administrative
 
subjects
addressed in
 
the TRS.
 
The risk
 
matrix and
 
risk assessment
 
process are
 
modelled according
to the Australian and New Zealand Standard on Risk Management (AS/NZS 4360).
 
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
51
22.2.4.1
 
Probability Level Table
Table 22-1:
 
Probability Level Table
Category
Probability Level (P)
1
Remote
Not likely to occur except in exceptional circumstances.
<10%
2
Unlikely
Not likely to occur; small in degree.
10 - 30%
3
Possible
Capable of occurring.
30 - 60%
4
Likely
High chance of occurring in most circumstances.
60 - 90%
5
Almost Certain
Event is expected under most circumstances; impossible
 
to avoid.
>90%
The
 
lowest
 
rated
 
probability
 
of
 
occurrence
 
is
 
assigned
 
the
 
value
 
of
 
1
 
and
 
described
 
as
remote,
 
with
 
a
 
likelihood
 
of
 
occurrence
 
of
 
less
 
than
 
2
 
percent.
 
Increasing
 
values
 
are
assigned to each higher probability of occurrence, culminating with the
 
value of 5 assigned
to incidents considered to be almost certain to occur.
22.2.4.2
 
Consequence Level Table
Table
 
22-2
 
lists the consequence levels.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
52
Table 22-2:
 
Consequence Level Table
Correlation of Events in Key Elements of the
 
Project Program to Event Severity Category
Category
Severity of
the Event
Financial
Impact of the
Event
Unplanned
Loss of
Production
(Impact on
Commercial
Operations)
Events Impacting
on the
Environment
Events Affecting the
Program's Social and
Community Relations
Resultant Regulatory /
Sovereign Risk
Events Affecting Occupational Health
& Safety
1
Insignificant
< USD $0.5
million
≤ 12 hours
Insignificant loss of
habitat; no
irreversible effects
on water, soil and
the environment.
Occasional nuisance impact on
travel.
-
 
Event recurrence avoided by corrective
action through established procedures
(Engineering, guarding, training).
2
Minor
USD $0.5 million
to $2.0 million
≤ 1 day
No significant
change to species
populations; short-
term reversible
perturbation to
ecosystem function.
Persistent nuisance impact on
travel.
 
Transient adverse media
coverage.
-
 
First aid – lost time.
 
Event recurrence
avoided by corrective action through
established procedures.
3
Moderate
USD $2.0 million
to $10.0 million
≤ 1 week
Appreciable change
to species
population; medium-
term (≤10 years)
detriment to
ecosystem function.
Measurable impact on travel and
water/air quality.
 
Significant
adverse media coverage /
transient public outrage.
Uncertainty securing or
retaining essential
approval / license.
Medical Treatment –
permanent
incapacitation.
 
Avoiding event recurrence
requires modification to established
corrective action procedures
.
Change to regulations
(tax; bonds; standards).
4
Major
USD $10.0
million to $50.0
million
1 to 2 weeks
Change to species
population
threatening viability;
long-term (>10
years) detriment to
ecosystem function.
Long-term, serious impact on
travel and use of water
resources; degradation of air
quality; sustained and effective
public opposition.
Suspension / long-delay
in securing essential
approval / license.
Fatality.
 
Avoiding event recurrence
requires modification to established
corrective action procedures and staff
retraining.
Change to laws (tax;
bonds; standards).
5
Critical
>USD $50.0
million
>1 month
Species extinction;
irreversible damage
to ecosystem
function.
Loss of social license.
Withdraw / failure to
secure essential
approval / license.
Multiple fatalities.
 
Avoiding event
recurrence requires major overhaul of
policies and procedures.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
53
The lowest
 
rated consequence
 
is assigned
 
the value
 
of 1
 
and is
 
described as
 
an Insignificant
Consequence, parameters of
 
which include non-reportable
 
safety incidents with
 
zero days
lost accidents,
 
no environmental
 
damage, loss
 
of production
 
or systems
 
for less
 
than one
week and cost
 
of less than
 
USD $0.5 million.
 
Increasing values are
 
assigned to each
 
higher
consequence,
 
culminating
 
with
 
the
 
value
 
of
 
5
 
assigned
 
to
 
critical
 
consequences,
 
the
parameters of
 
which include
 
multiple-fatality accidents,
 
major environmental
 
damage, and
loss of production
 
or systems for
 
longer than one
 
month and cost
 
of greater than
 
USD $50.0
million.
Composite Risk Matrix R = P x C and Color-Code Convention
The risk level, defined
 
as the product of probability
 
of occurrence and consequence, ranges
in value
 
from 1
 
(lowest possible
 
risk) to
 
25 (maximum
 
risk level).
 
The values
 
are color-coded
to facilitate identification of the highest risk aspects.
Table 22-3:
 
Risk Matrix
P x C = R
Consequence (C)
Insignificant
Minor
Moderate
Major
Critical
1
2
3
4
5
Probability Level (P)
Remote
1
1
2
3
4
5
Unlikely
2
2
4
6
8
10
Possible
3
3
6
9
12
15
Likely
4
4
8
12
16
20
Almost
Certain
5
5
10
15
20
25
22.2.5
 
Categorization of Risk Levels and Color Code Convention
Very
 
high
 
risks
 
are
 
considered
 
to
 
be
 
unacceptable
 
and
 
require
 
corrective
 
action.
 
Risk
reduction measures must be applied to reduce very high risks to a tolerable level.
22.2.6
 
Description of the Coal Property
The Buchanan Mine
 
Complex is located
 
in Buchanan and
 
Tazewell
 
Counties, Virginia
 
and
operates
 
a
 
longwall
 
section
 
with
 
supporting
 
continuous
 
mining
 
sections.
 
Operations
 
are
projected to continue in the present mode until reserves are depleted in 2047.
22.2.7
 
Summary of Residual Risk Ratings
Each
 
risk
 
factor
 
is
 
numbered,
 
and
 
a
 
risk
 
level
 
for
 
each
 
is
 
determined
 
by
 
multiplying
 
the
assigned
 
probability
 
by
 
the
 
assigned
 
consequence.
 
The
 
risk
 
levels
 
are
 
plotted
 
on
 
a
 
risk
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
54
matrix to
 
provide a
 
composite view
 
of the
 
Coronado risk
 
profile.
 
The average
 
risk level
 
is
7.1, which is defined as Moderate.
Table 22-4:
 
Risk Assessment Matrix
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consequence
Critical
>$50 MM
8,9
 
 
 
 
 
Major
$10-50MM
 
 
 
6
 
 
Moderate
$2-10 MM
11
1,2,4
3
 
 
 
Minor
$0.5-$2 MM
 
 
12
5
7
 
Low
<$0.5 MM
 
 
10
 
 
 
 
<10%
10-30%
30-60%
60-90%
>90%
 
Remote
Unlikely
Possible
Likely
Almost
Certain
22.2.8
 
Risk Factors
A high-level approach is utilized
 
to characterize risk factors that
 
are generally similar across
a number
 
of the
 
active and
 
proposed mining operations.
 
Risk factors that
 
are unique
 
to a
specific operation or are particularly noteworthy are addressed individually.
22.2.8.1
 
Geological and Coal Resource
Coal
 
mining
 
is accompanied
 
by
 
risk
 
that,
 
despite
 
exploration
 
efforts,
 
mining
 
areas
 
will
 
be
encountered
 
where
 
geological
 
conditions
 
render
 
extraction
 
of
 
the
 
resource
 
to
 
be
uneconomic,
 
or
 
that
 
coal
 
quality
 
characteristics
 
disqualify
 
the
 
product
 
for
 
sale
 
into
 
target
markets.
Offsetting
 
the
 
geological
 
and
 
coal
 
resource
 
risks
 
are
 
the
 
massive
 
size
 
of
 
the
 
controlled
property which allows large areas to be mined in the preferred mine areas sufficiently away
from
 
areas
 
where
 
coal
 
quality
 
and
 
mineability
 
may
 
be
 
less
 
favorable.
 
This
 
flexibility,
combined with the extensive work done
 
to define the reserve, reduces
 
the risk at Buchanan
below that of other mine properties.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
55
Table 22-5:
 
Geological and Coal Resource Risk Assessment (Risks 1 and 2)
Aspect
Impact
Control Measures
Initial Risk Level
Mitigation
Measures
Residual Risk
Level
P
C
R
P
C
R
Recoverable coal
tonnes
recognized to be
significantly less
than previously
estimated.
Reserve base is
adequate to serve
market commitments
and respond to
opportunities for many
years.
 
Local adverse
conditions may
increase frequency and
cost of production unit
relocations.
Previous and ongoing
exploration and
extensive regional
mining history provide
a high level of
confidence of coal
seam correlation,
continuity of the coal
seams, and coal
resource tonnes.
3
4
12
Optimize mine
plan to increase
resource
recovery; develop
mine plan to
provide readily
available alternate
mining locations
to sustain
expected
production level.
2
3
6
Coal quality
locally proves to
be lower than
initially projected.
If uncontrolled,
production and sale of
coal that is out of
specification can result
in rejection of
deliveries, cancellation
of coal sales
agreements and
damage to reputation.
Exploration and vast
experience and
history in local coal
seams provide
confidence in coal
quality; limited
excursions can be
managed with careful
product segregation
and blending.
2
5
10
Develop mine
plan to provide
readily available
alternate mining
locations to
sustain expected
production level;
modify coal sales
agreements to
reflect coal
quality.
2
4
8
22.2.8.2
 
Environmental
MM&A completed a Limited Phase I
 
Environmental Site Assessment (
ESA
) on the Property
in April 2016
 
on behalf of Coronado.
 
MM&A concluded that
 
no long-term liabilities
 
existed
at the time of this ESA.
Water quality
 
and other permit
 
requirements are subject to
 
modification and such
 
changes
could have a material
 
impact on the capability
 
of the operator to
 
meet modified standards or
to receive new permits and modifications
 
to existing permits.
 
Permit protests may result in
delays or denials to permit applications.
Environmental standards and
 
permit requirements have
 
evolved significantly over
 
the past
50
 
years
 
and
 
to
 
date,
 
mining
 
operators
 
and
 
regulatory
 
bodies
 
have
 
been
 
able
 
to
 
adapt
successfully to evolving environmental requirements.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
56
Table 22-6:
 
Environmental (Risks 3 and 4)
Aspect
Impact
Control Measures
Initial Risk
Level
Mitigation Measures
Residual Risk
Level
P
C
R
P
C
R
Environmental
performance
standards are
modified in the
future.
Delays in receiving new
permits and
modifications to existing
permits; cost of testing
and treatment of water
and soils
Work with regulatory
agencies to understand
and influence final
standards; implement
testing, treatment and
other actions to comply
with new standards.
3
4
12
Modify mining and
reclamation plans to
improve compliance
with new standards
while reducing cost of
compliance.
3
3
9
New permits and
permit
modifications are
increasingly
delayed or denied.
Interruption of production
and delayed
implementation of
replacement production
from new mining areas.
Comply quickly with
testing, treatment and
other actions required;
continue excellent
compliance
performance within
existing permits.
2
4
8
Establish and maintain
close and constructive
working relationships
with regulatory
agencies, local
communities and
community action
groups.
 
Prepare and
submit permits well in
advance of needs.
 
2
3
6
22.2.8.3
 
Regulatory Requirements
Federal and state health and
 
safety regulatory agencies occasionally
 
amend mine laws and
regulations.
 
The impact
 
is industry-wide.
 
Mining operators
 
and regulatory
 
agencies have
been able to adapt successfully to evolving health and safety requirements.
Table 22-7:
 
Regulatory Requirements (Risk 5)
Aspect
Impact
Control Measures
Initial Risk Level
Mitigation
Measures
Residual Risk
Level
P
C
R
P
C
R
Federal and state
mine safety and
health regulatory
agencies amend
mine laws and
regulations.
Cost of training,
materials, supplies and
equipment; modification
of mine examination and
production procedures;
modification of mining
plans.
Participate in hearings
and workshops when
possible to facilitate
understanding and
implementation; work
cooperatively with
agencies and
employees to facilitate
implementation of new
laws and regulations.
4
3
12
Familiarity and
experience with
new laws and
regulations
results in
reduced impact
to operations and
productivity and
improved
supplies and
equipment
options.
4
2
8
22.2.8.4
 
Market and Transportation
Most
 
of
 
the
 
current
 
and
 
future
 
production
 
is
 
expected
 
to
 
be
 
directed
 
to
 
domestic
 
and
international metallurgical
 
markets.
 
Historically the
 
metallurgical markets
 
have been
 
cyclical
and highly volatile.
 
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
57
Table 22-8:
 
Market and Transportation (Risk 6)
Aspect
Impact
Control Measures
Initial Risk Level
Mitigation
Measures
Residual Risk
Level
P
C
R
P
C
R
Volatile coal prices
drop precipitously.
Loss of revenue
adversely affects
profitability; reduced cash
flow may disrupt capital
expenditures plan.
Cost control measures
implemented; capital
spending deferred.
4
5
20
High-cost
operations
closed, and
employees
temporarily
furloughed.
4
4
16
Occasional delay
 
or interruption
 
of rail,
 
river and
 
terminals service
 
may be
 
expected.
 
The
operator
 
can
 
possibly
 
minimize
 
the
 
impact
 
of
 
delays
 
by
 
being
 
a
 
preferred
 
customer
 
by
fulfilling shipment obligations promptly and maintaining close working relationships.
Table 22-9:
 
Market and Transportation (Risk 7)
Aspect
Impact
Control Measures
Initial Risk Level
Mitigation
Measures
Residual Risk
Level
P
C
R
P
C
R
Rail or river transport
is delayed; storage
and shipping access
at river and ocean
terminals is not
available.
Fulfillment of coal sales
agreements delayed;
limited coal storage at
mines may increase cost
of rehandling; production
may be temporarily idled.
Provide adequate
storage capacity at
mines; coordinate
continuously with
railroad and shipping
companies to respond
quickly and effectively
to changing
circumstances.
5
3
15
Provide back-up
storage facility
along with
personnel,
equipment and
rehandle plan to
sustain
production and
fulfill sales
obligations
timely.
5
2
10
22.2.8.5
 
Mining Plan
Occupational
 
health
 
and
 
safety
 
risks
 
are
 
inherent
 
in
 
mining
 
operations.
 
Comprehensive
training
 
and
 
retraining
 
programs,
 
internal
 
safety
 
audits
 
and
 
examinations,
 
regular
 
mine
inspections,
 
safety
 
meetings,
 
along
 
with
 
support of
 
trained
 
fire brigades
 
and
 
mine-rescue
teams are among activities that greatly reduce accident risks.
 
Employee health-monitoring
programs
 
coupled
 
with
 
dust
 
and
 
noise
 
monitoring
 
and
 
abatement
 
reduce
 
health
 
risks
 
to
miners.
 
As
 
underground
 
mines
 
are
 
developed
 
and
 
extended,
 
observation
 
of
 
geological,
hydrogeological
 
and
 
geotechnical
 
conditions
 
lead
 
to
 
modification
 
of
 
mine
 
plans
 
and
procedures to enable safe work within the mine environments.
Highlighted below
 
are selected
 
examples of
 
safety and
 
external factors
 
relevant to
 
Coronado
operations.
22.2.8.5.1 Methane Management
Coalbed
 
methane
 
is
 
present
 
in
 
coal
 
operations
 
below
 
drainage.
 
Often
 
the
 
methane
concentration
 
in
 
shallow coal
 
seams
 
is
 
at
 
such
 
low
 
levels
 
that
 
it can
 
be
 
readily
 
managed
with
 
frequent
 
testing
 
and
 
monitoring,
 
vigilance,
 
and
 
routine
 
mine
 
ventilation.
 
Very
 
high
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
58
methane
 
concentrations
 
may
 
be
 
present
 
at
 
greater
 
depths,
 
as
 
experienced
 
in
 
the
Pocahontas
 
No.
 
3
 
seam
 
at
 
Buchanan
 
Mine
 
Complex
 
in
 
Virginia.
 
High
 
methane
concentrations
 
may
 
require
 
degasification
 
of
 
the
 
coal
 
seam
 
to
 
assure
 
safe
 
mining.
 
The
Buchanan
 
Mine
 
has
 
operated
 
safely
 
for
 
many
 
years
 
in
 
one
 
of
 
the
 
most
 
intense
 
methane
environments in
 
the United
 
States through
 
careful management
 
of coal
 
seam degasification,
gob degasification and mine-ventilation procedures.
Table 22-10:
 
Methane Management (Risk 8)
Aspect
Impact
Control Measures
Initial Risk Level
Mitigation
Measures
Residual Risk
Level
P
C
R
P
C
R
Methane hazard is
present in mines
operating below
drainage.
Injury or loss of life;
possible ignition of gas
and mine explosion;
potential loss of mine and
equipment temporarily or
permanently; additional
mine fan, mine power,
ventilation, monitoring
and examination
requirements.
Low to moderate levels
can be managed with
frequent examinations,
testing and monitoring
within the mine
ventilation system.
 
Excellent rock dust
maintenance
minimizes explosion
propagation risk should
an ignition occur.
1
5
5
Very high-level
methane
concentrations
may require coal
seam
degasification
and gob
degasification if
longwall or pillar
extraction
methods are
employed.
1
5
5
22.2.8.5.2 Mine Fires
Mine fires, once common at mine operations, are rare today.
 
Most active coal miners have
not encountered
 
a mine
 
fire.
 
Vastly improved mine
 
power and
 
equipment electrical
 
systems,
along with
 
safe mine
 
practices, reduce
 
mine fire
 
risks.
 
Crew training
 
and fire
 
brigade support
and
 
training
 
improve response
 
for containment
 
and
 
control if
 
a
 
fire occurs.
 
Spontaneous
combustion
 
within
 
coal
 
mines,
 
which
 
is
 
the
 
source
 
of
 
most
 
fires
 
that
 
occur
 
today,
 
is
 
not
expected to occur at Buchanan.
 
 
 
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Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
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Table 22-11
 
:
 
Mine Fires (Risk 9)
Aspect
Impact
Control Measures
Initial Risk
Level
Mitigation
Measures
Residual Risk
Level
P
C
R
P
C
R
Mine fire at
underground or
surface mine
operation.
Injury or loss of life;
potential loss of mine
temporarily or
permanently; damage
to equipment and mine
infrastructure.
Inspection and
maintenance of mine
power, equipment and
mine infrastructure;
good housekeeping;
frequent examination
of conveyor belt
entries; prompt
removal of
accumulations of
combustible materials.
1
5
5
If spontaneous
combustion
conditions are
present, enhanced
monitoring and
examination
procedures will be
implemented; mine
design will
incorporate features
to facilitate isolation,
containment and
extinguishment of
spontaneous
combustion
locations.
1
5
5
22.2.8.5.3 Availability of Supplies and Equipment
The industry
 
has periodically
 
experienced difficulty receiving
 
timely delivery
 
of mine
 
supplies
and equipment.
 
Availability issues often accompanied boom periods
 
for coal demand.
 
Any
future delivery of supplies and equipment delays
 
are expected to be temporary with limited
impact on production.
Table 22-12:
 
Availability of Supplies and Equipment (Risk 10)
Aspect
Impact
Control Measures
Initial Risk Level
Mitigation
Measures
Residual Risk
Level
P
C
R
P
C
R
Disruption of
availability for
supplies and
equipment.
Temporary interruption of
production.
Force majeure
provision in coal sales
agreements to limit
liability for delayed or
lost sales.
3
2
6
Work closely with
customers to
assure delayed
coal delivery
rather than
cancelled sales;
monitor external
conditions and
increase
inventory of
critical supplies;
accelerate
delivery of
equipment when
possible.
3
1
3
22.2.8.5.4 Labor
Work stoppage
 
due to
 
labor protests
 
are considered
 
unlikely and
 
are accompanied
 
by limited
impact should
 
it occur.
 
Excellent employee
 
relations and
 
communications limit
 
the exposure
to outside protesters.
 
Loss of supervisors and skilled employees to
 
retirement is inevitable;
the impact
 
can be
 
lessened with
 
succession planning
 
and training
 
and mentorship
 
of new
employees.
 
 
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Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex
 
in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
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Table 22-13:
 
Labor – Work Stoppage (Risk 11)
Aspect
Impact
Control Measures
Initial Risk Level
Mitigation
Measures
Residual Risk
Level
P
C
R
P
C
R
Work stoppage due
to strikes, slowdowns
or secondary boycott
activity.
Loss of production and
coal sales; damaged
customer and employee
relations; reputation loss.
Maintain excellent
employee relations and
communications;
maintain frequent
customer
communications.
1
3
3
Develop plan for
employee
communications
and legal support
to minimize
impact of
secondary
boycott activities.
1
3
3
 
 
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Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for
 
the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
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Table 22-14:
 
Labor – Retirement (Risk 12)
Aspect
Impact
Control Measures
Initial Risk Level
Mitigation
Measures
Residual Risk
Level
P
C
R
P
C
R
Retirement of
supervisors and
skilled employees.
Loss of leadership and
critical skills to sustain
high levels of safety,
maintenance and
productivity.
Monitor demographics
closely and maintain
communications with
employees who are
approaching retirement
age; maintain
employee selection
and training programs.
3
3
9
Maintain
selection of
candidates and
implementation
of in-house or
third-party
training for
electricians and
mechanics;
develop
employee
mentoring
program.
3
2
6
23
Recommendations
Coronado
 
is continuing
 
to
 
work both
 
internally and
 
with
 
outside
 
assistance
 
to
 
continue to
further define their resource base and to optimize the LOM plan.
24
References
Publicly
 
available
 
information
 
from
 
various
 
state
 
and
 
federal
 
agencies
 
was
 
used
 
where
relevant.
25
Reliance on Information Provided by the
Registrant
For the purpose
 
of this
 
TRS, MM&A utilized
 
the geological data
 
provided by Coronado.
 
This
information was subjected to verification of its integrity and completeness.
Historical
 
productivity
 
and
 
operating
 
costs
 
were
 
also
 
supplied
 
by
 
Coronado.
 
This
information
 
was combined
 
with the
 
experience and
 
knowledge of
 
the QPs
 
to forecast
 
the
LOM plan.
A summary of the
 
information provided by Coronado
 
relied upon by
 
MM&A for the purposes
of this TRS is provided in
Table
 
25-1
.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources
 
and Reserves for the
 
Buchanan Mine Complex in Accordance with
 
the JORC Code and United States SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300 as of December 31,
2021
 
Central Appalachian Coal Basin
Virginia, USA
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Table 25-1:
 
Information from Registrant Relied Upon by MM&A
 
Category
Information Provided by Coronado
Report
Section
Legal
Mineral control and surface control rights as shown on maps
3.2, 3.3
Geological
Geologic data including digital databases and original source
 
data
including geologist logs, driller’s logs, geophysical logs
9.1
Coal Quality
Database of coal quality information supplemented with
 
original source
laboratory sheets where available
10.1
Mining
Historical productivities and manpower from operating and future
Coronado mines
13.2, 13.4
Coal Preparation
Flow sheet and other information representing current
 
and future
methods of coal processing
 
14.1
Marketing
Long-term price forecast and market placement by seam
 
or mine used
in financial projections
16.2
Waste Disposal
Engineering data and estimates representing remaining
 
capacities for
coarse and fine coal waste disposal
17.2
Environmental
Permit and bonding information
17.3
Costs
Historical and budgetary operating cost information used to
 
derive cost
drivers for reserve financial modeling
18.2
Economic
WACC and inflation rate used in discounted
 
cash flow analysis
19.1, 19.2,
19.3
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APPENDIX
A
BIOGRAPHIES
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APPENDIX
B
MAP
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APPENDIX
C
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
 
 
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Appendix C
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Glossary of Abbreviations and Definitions
Abbreviation
Definition
AIPG
American Institute of Professional Geologists
ARMPS
Analysis of Retreat Mining Pillar Stability
ASTM
American Society for Testing
 
and Materials
AVS
Applicant Violator System
bcm
Bank cubic meters
Btu/lb.
British Thermal Unit per pound
CAT
®
Caterpillar Inc.
C.P.G.
Certified Professional Geologist
Carlson
Carlson Mining – formerly SurvCADD
®
 
– a prevalent software package
used for modeling in the Appalachian region
CFR
Code of Federal Regulations
Coronado
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
CSR
Codes of State Rules
 
CSX
CSX Corporation, a rail-based freight transportation company
CTR
Contour mining
Demonstrated
reserves
Demonstrated reserves are the sum of proven and probable reserves.
DEP
Department of Environmental Protection
EBITDA
Earnings before Interest, Taxes,
 
Depreciation, and Amortization
 
EOM
End-of-mine reclamation
EPA
United States Environmental Protection Agency
 
ESA
Limited Phase I Environmental Site Assessment
EVR
Estimated Visual Recovery
Feasibility Study
“…comprehensive technical and economic study of the selected
development option for a mineral project, which includes detailed
assessments of all applicable modifying factors together with any other
relevant operational factors, and detailed financial analysis that are
necessary to demonstrate, at the time of reporting, that extraction is
economically viable.
 
According to the proposed definition, the results of
the study may serve as the basis for a final decision by a proponent or
financial institution to proceed with, or finance, the development of the
project. Thus, a feasibility study is more comprehensive, with a higher
degree of accuracy, and yielding results with a higher level of
confidence, than a pre-feasibility study.”
 
Hitachi
Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd.
HWM
Highwall mining
In situ
Its natural position; said specific of a rock, soil, or fossil when in the
situation in which was originally formed or deposited
Indicated
Resources
Indicated
 
resources
 
are
 
those
 
lying
 
between
 
0.4-kilometer
 
and
 
1.2-
kilometer radius
 
from such
 
an observation
 
point and
 
reported herein
 
as
in-situ mineral resources.
Inferred
Resources
Inferred resources lie more than a 1.2-kilometer radius from a valid point
of
 
measurement
 
but
 
less
 
than
 
4.8
 
kilometers
 
from
 
one
 
and
 
reported
herein as in-situ mineral resources.
JORC Code
Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral
Resources and Ore Reserves
lb. SO
2
 
/ mm Btu
Pounds per sulfur dioxide per million British thermal units
 
 
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Appendix C
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Abbreviation
Definition
LJ Hughes
LJ Hughes & Sons, Inc. - drilling Company
LOM
Life-of-mine
M&R
Maintenance and repair
M.B.A.
Master of Business Administration
Measured
Resources
Measured resources are those lying within 0.4-kilometer radius from a
valid point of measurement and reported herein as in-situ mineral
resources.
MINER Act
Mine Improvement and New Emergency Response Act of 2006
 
Mineral Reserve
“…the economically mineable part of a Measured and/or Indicated
Mineral Resource.
 
It includes dilution materials and allowances for
losses, which occur when the material is mined or extracted and is
defined by studies at Preliminary Feasibility or Feasibility level as
appropriate that include Modifying Factors.
 
Such studies demonstrate
that, at the time of reporting, extraction of the mineral reserve is
economically viable under reasonable investment and marketing
assumptions.”
 
Mineral Resource
“…a concentration or occurrence of solid material of economic interest
or on the Earth’s crust in such form, grade or quality that there are
reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction.
 
The location,
quantity, grade, continuity and other geological characteristics and
continuity of a Mineral Resource are known, estimated or interpreted
from specific geological evidence and knowledge, including sampling.”
 
MM&A
Marshall Miller & Associates, Inc.
Modifying Factors
“…considerations used to convert Mineral Resources to Mineral
Reserves. These include, but are not restricted to, mining, processing,
metallurgical, infrastructure, economic, marketing, legal, environmental
compliance, plans, negotiations, or agreements with local individuals or
groups and governmental factors.”
MRMR
Mineral Resources to Mineral Reserves
MSHA
United States Department of Labor Mine Safety and Health
Administration
MSL
Mean sea level
Mt
Million metric tonnes
NAIP
National Agricultural Imagery Program
NIOSH
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
NS
Norfolk Southern Corporation, a rail-based freight transportation
company
O&M
Operating and maintenance
 
OSD
Out-of-seam dilution
OSM
U.S. Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
P&L
Profit and loss before tax
 
P.E.
Professional Engineer
Preliminary
Feasibility Study
“…as a comprehensive study of a range of options for the technical and
economic viability of a mineral project that has advanced to a stage
where a qualified person has determined (in the case of underground
mining) a preferred mining method, or in the case of surface mining) a
pit configuration, and in all cases has determined an effective method of
mineral processing and an effective plan to sell the product. The study’s
financial analysis must have the level of detail necessary to
 
 
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Appendix C
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Abbreviation
Definition
demonstrate, at the time of reporting, that extraction is economically
viable. In addition, as noted in the proposed definition of a pre-feasibility
study,
 
while a pre-feasibility study is less comprehensive and results in
a lower confidence level than a feasibility study, a pre- feasibility study
is more comprehensive and results in a higher confidence level than an
initial assessment.”
 
Property(ies)
Bituminous coal deposits located in Buchanan and Tazewell
 
Counties,
Virginia.
 
QP
Qualified Person
Qualified Person
“…a person who is a mineral industry professional with at least five
years of relevant experience in the type of mineralization and type of
deposit under consideration and in the specific type of activity that
person is undertaking on behalf of the registrant. In addition, the
proposed definition requires a qualified person to be an eligible member
or licensee in good standing of a recognized professional organization
at the
time the technical report is prepared.”
Rec.
Recovery
RECs
Recognized Environmental Conditions
Resource
Database
The Resource Database is established by the collection, validation,
recording, storing and processing of data and forms the foundation
necessary for the estimation of Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve.
 
A quality assurance and quality control program is essential and must
be established to govern the collection of all data.
 
In reporting, a
Mineral Resource must meet the minimum requirement of “reasonable
prospects for economic extraction”. This will require the concurrent
collection and storage of preliminary economic, mining, metallurgical,
environmental, legal and social data and other information for use in the
estimation of MRMR.
 
The Resource Database will include both “primary” (observation and
measurement) and “interpreted” data. It is recommended that data be
stored digitally, using a documented,
 
standard format and a reliable
storage medium that allows for easy and complete retrieval of the data.
ROM
Run-of-mine
RPO
Recognized Professional Organizations
S-K 1300
United States Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-K
1300 Modernization of Property Disclosures
SEC
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
SME
Society for Mining Engineers
SMCRA
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 is the primary
federal law that regulates the environmental effects of coal mining in the
United States.
Strip Ratio
Represented by bcm of overburden to recoverable coal tonnes
 
tph
tonnes per hour
 
TRS
Technical
 
Report Summary
USA
United States of America
USGS
United States Geologic Survey
 
 
 
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Appendix C
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Abbreviation
Definition
VALMIN Code
Australasian Code for Public Reporting of Technical
 
Assessments and
Valuations of Mineral Assets
Vulcan™
Vulcan™ software is a product of Maptek™, a provider of software for
the global mining industry.
ex962p72i0.gif
 
 
APPENDIX
D
INITIAL ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT FOR
RESOURCES EXCLUSIVE OF RESERVES
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APPENDIX
E
JORC TABLE 1
 
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of
 
December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix E:
 
JORC Table 1
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Section 1 Sampling Techniques and Data
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
Sampling
techniques
>
Nature and quality of sampling (e.g. cut channels, random
 
chips, or specific
specialised industry standard measurement tools appropriate
 
to the minerals
under investigation, such as downhole gamma
 
sondes, or handheld XRF
instruments, etc.). These examples should not be
 
taken as limiting the broad
meaning of sampling.
>
Include reference to measures taken to ensure sample
 
representivity and the
appropriate calibration of any measurement tools
 
or systems used.
>
Aspects of the determination of mineralisation that are
 
Material to the Public
Report. In cases where ‘industry standard’ work has
 
been done this would be
relatively simple (e.g. ‘reverse circulation drilling
 
was used to obtain 1 m
samples from which 3 kg was pulverised to produce a
 
30 g charge for fire
assay’). In other cases, more explanation may be
 
required, such as where
there is coarse gold that has inherent sampling
 
problems. Unusual
commodities or mineralisation types (e.g. submarine nodules)
 
may warrant
disclosure of detailed information.
>
 
Most of the coal samples have been obtained
 
from the Properties by subsurface
exploration using core drilling techniques.
 
The protocol for preparing and testing
the samples has varied over time and is not well
 
documented for the older holes
drilled on the Properties.
>
 
Typical USA core drilling sampling technique is for the coal core sample,
 
once
recovered from the core barrel, to be described then wrapped
 
in a sealed plastic
sleeve and placed into a covered core box, which
 
is the length of the sample so
that the core can be delivered to a laboratory in relatively
 
intact condition and with
original moisture content.
>
 
It is reasonable to assume, given the sophistication
 
level of the previous operators,
that these samples were generally collected and processed
 
under industry best-
practices.
 
This assumption is based on MM&A’s familiarity with the operating
companies and the companies used to perform the
 
analysis.
 
>
 
Some of the drill holes were air rotary bored and
 
no coal core samples were
collected.
 
Seam thickness for rotary-drilled bore holes is
 
verified by calibrated
downhole gamma-density logs.
 
>
 
Coal samples that were deemed by MM&A geologists
 
to be unrepresentative were
not used for statistical analysis of coal quality, as documented in the
 
tabulations. A
representative group of drill hole samples from
 
the Properties were then checked
against the original drill laboratory reports to
 
verify accuracy and correctness.
 
Drilling
techniques
>
Drill type (e.g. core, reverse circulation, open-hole hammer, rotary air
 
blast,
auger, Bangka, sonic, etc.) and details (e.g. core diameter, triple or standard
tube, depth of diamond tails, face-sampling
 
bit or other type, whether core is
oriented and if so, by what method, etc.).
>
 
The Properties have been extensively explored
 
by subsurface drilling efforts carried
out by numerous entities, most of which were
 
completed prior to acquisition by
Coronado.
 
The majority of the drilling was accomplished using
 
vertical continuous
(diamond) coring or air rotary methods.
>
 
Core drilling methods utilize NX-size (5.4 centimeter)
 
or similar-sized core cylinders
to recover core samples, which can be used
 
to delineate geologic characteristics,
and for coal quality testing and geotechnical logging.
 
>
 
Data for the rotary drilled holes is mainly derived
 
from downhole geophysical logs,
which are used to interpret coal and rock thickness
 
and depth since logging of the
drill cuttings is not reliable.
>
 
Geophysical logging was performed on many of
 
the holes, either by Geological
Logging Systems (a division of MM&A), other
 
geophysical logging contractors, and
on those properties acquired from CONSOL geophysical
 
logging was often
performed by CONSOL’s in-house logging services.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of
 
December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix E:
 
JORC Table 1
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Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
Drill sample
recovery
>
 
Method of recording and assessing core and chip
 
sample recoveries and
results assessed.
>
 
Measures taken to maximise sample recovery and
 
ensure representative
nature of the samples.
>
 
Whether a relationship exists between sample
 
recovery and grade and
whether sample bias may have occurred due
 
to preferential loss/gain of
fine/coarse material.
>
 
Where available, core recovery thickness of coal samples
 
was reconciled with the
thickness interpreted from geophysical logs.
>
 
Core recovery of the older coal samples lacking
 
geophysical logs is sometimes not
well-documented: however,
 
when the laboratory results for such holes had
anomalous values, the data was disqualified and not
 
used.
 
Logging
>
 
Whether core and chip samples have been geologically
 
and geotechnically
logged to a level of detail to support appropriate
 
Mineral Resource estimation,
mining studies and metallurgical studies.
>
 
Whether logging is qualitative or quantitative
 
in nature. Core (or costean,
channel, etc.) photography.
>
 
The total length and percentage of the relevant
 
intersections logged.
>
 
A wide variety of core-logging techniques exist for
 
the properties.
 
For many of the
core holes, the primary data source is a generalized
 
lithology description by the
driller, in some cases supplemented by a more detailed core log
 
completed by a
geologist.
 
>
 
The logging of core thickness and depth is quantitative.
 
With the exception of the
coal seams, logging of rock strata type is more subjective
 
and best considered as
qualitative.
Sub-sampling
techniques and
sample
preparation
>
 
If core, whether cut or sawn and whether quarter, half or all
 
core taken.
>
 
If non-core, whether riffled, tube sampled, rotary split, etc.
 
and whether
sampled wet or dry.
>
 
For all sample types, the nature, quality and appropriateness
 
of the sample
preparation technique.
>
 
Quality control procedures adopted for all sub-sampling
 
stages to maximise
representivity of samples.
>
 
Measures taken to ensure that the sampling is representative
 
of the in situ
material collected, including for instance results for
 
field duplicate/second-half
sampling.
>
 
Whether sample sizes are appropriate to the grain
 
size of the material being
sampled.
>
 
Typical US practice in the Appalachian Basin is that core samples
 
for deep
mineable core samples are not sawn or subsampled (since
 
seams are not of great
thickness and the entire seam is mined and co-mingled).
>
 
Oftentimes, core for surface-mineable coal seams are
 
bench sampled separately
by the various coal and rock layers (plies).
>
 
MM&A has exercised diligence to use only those
 
analyses that are representative
of the coal quality parameters for the appropriate
 
mining type for each sample.
Quality of assay
data and
laboratory tests
>
 
The nature, quality and appropriateness of the assaying
 
and laboratory
procedures used and whether the technique is considered
 
partial or total.
>
 
For geophysical tools, spectrometers, handheld XRF
 
instruments, etc., the
parameters used in determining the analysis including
 
instrument make and
model, reading times, calibrations factors applied and
 
their derivation, etc.
>
 
Nature of quality control procedures adopted (e.g.
 
standards, blanks,
duplicates, external laboratory checks) and whether
 
acceptable levels of
accuracy (i.e. lack of bias) and precision have
 
been established.
>
 
Sample analysis was typically carried out by accredited
 
US laboratories.
 
>
 
Standard procedure upon receipt of core samples
 
by the testing laboratory is to log
the depth and thickness of the sample, then perform
 
testing as specified by a
representative of the operating company.
 
Each sample is then analyzed in
accordance with procedures defined under
American Society for Testing and
Materials (
ASTM
)
 
standards including, but not limited to; washability
 
(ASTM
D4371); ash (ASTM D3174); sulfur (ASTM D4239);
 
Btu/lb. (ASTM D5865); volatile
matter (ASTM D3175); Free Swell Index (
FSI
) (ASTM D720).
>
 
Geophysical tools are calibrated by the logging
 
company and where possible,
validated using a calibration hole.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of
 
December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix E:
 
JORC Table 1
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Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
Verification of
sampling and
assaying
>
 
The verification of significant intersections by either
 
independent or alternative
company personnel.
>
 
The use of twinned holes.
>
 
Documentation of primary data, data entry procedures,
 
data verification, data
storage (physical and electronic) protocols.
>
 
Discuss any adjustment to assay data.
>
 
All coal intersection data used to generate the geologic
 
model has been cross
referenced with the lithological and geophysical logs
 
by MM&A.
>
 
Laboratory quality was adjusted from dry basis to reflect
 
the anticipated marketable
product moisture.
>
 
Coal quality results were verified by spot-check with
 
laboratory analysis sheets by
MM&A before inclusion into the geologic model
 
and use in the resource estimate.
Location of data
points
>
 
Accuracy and quality of surveys used to locate drill
 
holes (collar and down-
hole surveys), trenches, mine workings and other
 
locations used in Mineral
Resource estimation.
>
 
Specification of the grid system used.
>
 
Quality and adequacy of topographic
 
control.
>
 
Due to the long history of exploration by various
 
parties on the Properties, a wide
variety of survey techniques exist for documentation of
 
data point locations.
 
Many
of the older exploration drill holes appear
 
to have been located by ground survey;
more recently completed drill holes are often located
 
by high-resolution Global
Positioning System (
GPS
) units.
>
 
Grid systems used are typically the State Plane Coordinate
 
System pertinent to
each property.
 
>
 
Topography is based on either the USGS topographic 7.5-minute quadrangle maps
or on recent aerial photogrammetry as necessary
 
(subject to availability).
Data spacing and
distribution
>
 
Data spacing for reporting of Exploration Results.
>
Whether the data spacing and distribution is sufficient
 
to establish the
degree of geological and grade continuity appropriate
 
for the Mineral
Resource and Ore Reserve estimation procedure(s)
 
and classifications
applied.
>
 
Whether sample compositing has been applied.
>
 
Spacing and distribution of data point information
 
may vary from seam to seam
within each mining area.
 
The areas estimated for coal resource and
 
coal reserve
tonnes have been limited so that the data spacing
 
and distribution is sufficient to
establish the degree of geological continuity appropriate
 
for the estimation and
classification of the coal tonnes.
 
>
 
All of the coal resource tonnes are in the measured,
 
indicated, and inferred
categories, and all of the coal reserve tonnes are in
 
the proved and probable
categories in accordance with the JORC Code and
 
SEC standards.
 
Orientation of
data in relation to
geological
structure
>
 
Whether the orientation of sampling achieves unbiased
 
sampling of possible
structures and the extent to which this is
 
known, considering the deposit type.
>
 
If the relationship between the drilling orientation and
 
the orientation of key
mineralised structures is considered to have introduced
 
a sampling bias, this
should be assessed and reported if material.
>
 
Drill holes have been vertically drilled.
 
No downhole deviation logs have been
collected and it is therefore not known
 
if the drill holes have deviated away from
vertical.
 
Based on the relatively shallow seam depths,
 
any deviation is expected to
be insignificant and immaterial to the geologic
 
characterization of the property.
>
 
The dip of the coal seams is relatively minor
 
and not a material issue for
representation of seam thickness or quality.
Sample security
The measures taken to ensure sample security.
>
 
Sample handling procedures employed by explorationists
 
follow typical US protocol
and should be adequate to insure sample security.
Audits or reviews
The results of any audits or reviews of
 
sampling techniques and data.
>
 
MM&A has reviewed all available geological information
 
for the Properties in
developing the geologic model.
 
Only that data deemed suitable has been used
 
for
the purpose of generating the resource and reserve
 
estimates.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of
 
December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix E:
 
JORC Table 1
M
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ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of
 
December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix E:
 
JORC Table 1
M
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Section 2 Reporting of Exploration Results
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
Mineral tenement
and land tenure
status
>
 
Type, reference name/number, location and ownership including agreements
or material issues with third parties such as joint
 
ventures, partnerships,
overriding royalties, native title interests, historical
 
sites, wilderness or national
park and environmental settings.
>
 
The security of the tenure held at the time of
 
reporting along with any known
impediments to obtaining a licence to operate
 
in the area.
>
 
The Coronado coal resources are located within three
 
of the United State of
America: Virginia; West Virginia; and Pennsylvania.
 
Control of these Properties is
governed by many hundreds of agreements.
>
 
MM&A has not carried out separate title verification for
 
the coal properties and has
not verified leases, deeds, surveys or other property
 
control instruments pertinent
to the subject resources.
 
>
 
Coronado has represented to MM&A that it controls
 
the mining rights to the coal
deposits as shown on its property maps, and
 
MM&A has accepted these as being
a true and accurate depiction of the mineral rights
 
controlled by Coronado.
 
The
TRS assumes the properties are developed under
 
responsible and experienced
management.
>
 
There are no known legal or environmental encumbrances
 
that would impede
development of the subject coal reserves.
Exploration done
by other parties
>
 
Acknowledgment and appraisal of exploration by other
 
parties.
>
 
The Properties have been extensively explored
 
by subsurface drilling efforts
carried out by numerous entities, most of which
 
were completed prior to acquisition
by Coronado.
>
 
This exploration work was generally performed to
 
prevailing US best practice
standards and deemed adequate for the purposes
 
of this TRS.
 
Geology
>
 
Deposit type, geological setting and style of mineralisation.
>
 
The Coronado coal resources are located within
 
the Northern and Central
Appalachian Coal Basins.
>
 
The coal deposits are Carboniferous in age, being
 
of the Pennsylvanian system.
>
 
Seam of economic significance typically range between
 
0.3 meters and 1.8 meters
in thickness, with relatively little structural deformation.
>
 
Regional structure is typically characterized by gently
 
dipping strata to the
northwest at less than one percent.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of
 
December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix E:
 
JORC Table 1
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Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
Drill hole
Information
>
 
A summary of all information material to the understanding
 
of the exploration
results including a tabulation of the following information
 
for all Material drill
holes:
 
easting and northing of the drill hole collar
 
elevation or RL (Reduced Level – elevation above
 
sea level in metres) of
the drill hole collar
 
dip and azimuth of the hole
 
down hole length and interception depth
 
hole length.
>
 
If the exclusion of this information is justified on
 
the basis that the information
is not Material and this exclusion does not detract
 
from the understanding of
the report, the Competent Person should clearly explain
 
why this is the case.
>
 
MM&A reviewed and entered all pertinent data into
 
a digital geologic database for
each Coronado property.
 
The database consists
 
of thousands of data records,
which include drill hole and supplemental coal
 
seam thickness measurements from
outcrop and mine exposures.
 
>
 
All drill holes in the database are provided with
 
a collar elevation and the State
Plane Coordinate System easting and northing coordinate.
>
 
After MM&A confirmed proper coal seam thickness and
 
correlation,
 
the seam data
was modelled and compiled into coal resource maps.
>
 
The maps are provided in the TRS; however, a tabulation of the thousands
 
of
individual data records is not practical to include.
Data aggregation
methods
>
 
In reporting Exploration Results, weighting averaging
 
techniques, maximum
and/or minimum grade truncations (e.g. cutting of high
 
grades) and cut-off
grades are usually Material and should be stated.
>
 
Where aggregate intercepts incorporate short lengths of
 
high grade results
and longer lengths of low grade results, the
 
procedure used for such
aggregation should be stated and some typical examples
 
of such
aggregations should be shown in detail.
>
 
The assumptions used for any reporting of
 
metal equivalent values should be
clearly stated.
>
 
Where a coal seam has been bench sampled
 
(typically for surface mining) the
individual analyses for the coal plies are normally
 
weight-averaged to represent the
total of recoverable coal.
>
 
Coal quality summary results have been documented
 
in the TRS.
 
Average coal
quality on a per-seam basis is used to represent
 
the coal resources within a given
mining area.
>
 
Average coal quality for each Coronado complex is provided
 
in Tables 1-1, 1-2 and
1-3 of this TRS.
 
>
 
No other data aggregations methods are used.
Relationship
between
mineralisation
widths and
intercept lengths
>
 
These relationships are particularly important in the
 
reporting of Exploration
Results.
>
 
If the geometry of the mineralisation with respect
 
to the drill hole angle is
known, its nature should be reported.
>
 
If it is not known and only the down hole lengths
 
are reported, there should be
a clear statement to this effect (e.g. ‘down hole length,
 
true width not known’).
>
 
Coal thickness values from all coal intersections
 
and down hole geophysical logs
are considered to be vertical thicknesses.
 
Seam dip of approximately 2.0 to 3.0
degrees has little effect on the vertical thickness of the
 
seam.
Diagrams
>
 
Appropriate maps and sections (with scales) and tabulations
 
of intercepts
should be included for any significant discovery being reported
 
These should
include, but not be limited to a plan view of
 
drill hole collar locations and
appropriate sectional views.
>
 
Diagrams and maps showing the coal seam intercepts are
 
presented in the TRS.
Balanced
reporting
>
 
Where comprehensive reporting of all Exploration Results
 
is not practicable,
representative reporting of both low and high grades
 
and/or widths should be
practiced to avoid misleading reporting of Exploration
 
Results.
>
 
All of the available,
 
qualified exploration data has been included
 
within the
tabulations, maps, and diagrams for this TRS.
>
 
Both coal thickness and quality data are deemed
 
by MM&A to be reasonably
sufficient within the resource areas. Therefore, there is a
 
reasonable level of
confidence in the geologic interpretations required for
 
coal resource determination
based on the available data and the techniques applied
 
to the data.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of
 
December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix E:
 
JORC Table 1
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Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
Other substantive
exploration data
>
 
Other exploration data, if meaningful and material,
 
should be reported
including (but not limited to): geological observations;
 
geophysical survey
results; geochemical survey results; bulk samples
 
– size and method of
treatment; metallurgical test results; bulk density, groundwater, geotechnical
and rock characteristics; potential deleterious or
 
contaminating substances.
>
 
Informational material available from the U.S. Geological
 
Survey and the respective
State Surveys was used to assist in the Resource
 
estimate.
 
Further work
>
 
The nature and scale of planned further work (e.g.
 
tests for lateral extensions
or depth extensions or large-scale step-out drilling).
>
 
Diagrams clearly highlighting the areas of possible
 
extensions, including the
main geological interpretations and future drilling areas,
 
provided this
information is not commercially sensitive.
>
 
Further work is expected to include additional exploration,
 
geotechnical testing,
coal quality analyses, and coal property acquisition.
 
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of
 
December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix E:
 
JORC Table 1
M
ARSHALL
M
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&
A
SSOCIATES
,
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Section 3 Estimation and Reporting of Mineral Resources
(Criteria listed in the preceding section also apply to this section.)
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
Database
integrity
>
 
Measures taken to ensure that data has not been
 
corrupted by, for
 
example,
transcription or keying errors, between its initial collection and its use for
Mineral Resource estimation
 
purposes.
>
 
Data validation procedures
 
used.
>
 
MM&A confirmed coal seam thickness and correlations in databases
 
used for coal
deposit modelling.
 
Representative records were spot-checked for
 
data entry
validation.
 
>
 
Geophysical logs were used wherever available
 
to assist in confirming the seam
correlation and to verify proper seam thickness measurements
 
and recovery of coal
samples.
Site
visits
>
 
Comment on
 
any site
 
visits undertaken
 
by the
 
Competent Person and the
outcome of those visits.
>
 
If no
 
site visits
 
have been
 
undertaken indicate why
 
this is the case.
>
 
MM&A is very familiar with the Properties and
 
has conducted multiple site visits
throughout the years.
Geological
interpretation
>
 
Confidence in (or conversely,
 
the uncertainty
 
of) the geological interpretation
 
of
the mineral deposit.
>
 
Nature of the data used and of
 
any assumptions made.
>
 
The effect,
 
if any,
 
of alternative interpretations on
 
Mineral Resource estimation.
>
 
The use of geology in guiding
 
and controlling Mineral Resource estimation.
>
 
The factors affecting continuity both
 
of grade and geology.
>
 
Due to the relative structural simplicity of the deposits
 
and the reasonable continuity
of the tabular coal beds, the principal geological
 
interpretation necessary to define
the geometry of the coal deposits is the proper
 
modeling of their thickness and
elevation.
 
>
 
Both coal thickness and quality data are deemed
 
by MM&A to be reasonable
 
within
the resource areas.
 
>
 
Therefore, there is a reasonable level of confidence
 
in the geologic interpretations
required for coal resource determination based on
 
the available data and the
techniques applied to the data.
Dimensions
>
 
The extent and variability of the Mineral Resource expressed as length (along
strike or otherwise), plan width, and depth below surface to the upper and lower
limits of the Mineral Resource.
>
 
The subject coal resource areas mostly exist in
 
discreet, individual deposits of highly
variable dimensions, shapes and depth below the
 
ground surface.
>
 
Such factors are best depicted in the maps contained
 
in the TRS.
>
 
Details of the parameters are cited within the TRS and
 
included in the table of Cut-off
Parameters listed in Section 11.1 of the TRS.
 
Estimation
and
modelling
techniques
>
 
The nature and appropriateness of the estimation technique(s) applied and key
assumptions, including treatment of extreme grade values, domaining,
interpolation parameters and maximum distance of extrapolation from data
points. If a computer assisted estimation method was chosen include a
description of computer software and
 
parameters used.
>
 
The availability of check estimates, previous estimates and/or mine production
records and whether the Mineral Resource estimate takes
 
appropriate account
of
 
such data.
>
 
The assumptions made regarding
 
recovery of by-products.
>
 
Geological data was imported into Carlson Mining
®
 
(formerly SurvCADD
®
) geological
modelling software in the form of Microsoft
®
 
Excel files incorporating, drill hole
collars, seam and thickness picks, bottom seam elevations
 
and raw and washed coal
quality. These data files were validated prior to importing into the software.
>
 
Once imported, a geologic model was created.
>
 
The geological model was verified and reviewed.
 
>
 
Resources were estimated by defining seam thickness
 
at each point of observation
and by defining resource confidence arcs around
 
the points of observation.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of
 
December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix E:
 
JORC Table 1
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9
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
>
 
Estimation of deleterious elements or other non-grade variables of economic
significance (e.g. sulphur for acid mine drainage characterisation).
>
 
In the case
 
of block model interpolation, the
 
block size in relation to the
average sample spacing and the search employed.
>
 
Any assumptions behind modelling of
 
selective mining units.
>
 
Any assumptions about
 
correlation between variables.
>
 
Description of how the
 
geological interpretation was used to control the
resource estimates.
>
 
Discussion of basis for using or not
 
using grade cutting or capping.
>
 
The process of validation, the
 
checking process used, the comparison of model
data to drill hole data, and
 
use of reconciliation data if available.
>
 
Points of observation for Measured and Indicated
 
confidence arcs were defined for
all drill holes that intersected the seam.
 
>
 
As prescribed by the common United States
 
classification system the following
distances from points of observation were used
 
to define the corresponding
Resource category arcs:
-
 
Inferred Resources – greater than 3,960 feet (1.2
kilometers) but less than 15,840 feet (4.8 kilometers)
-
 
Indicated Resources – 3,960 feet (1.2 kilometers)
-
 
Measured Resources – 1,320 feet (0.4 kilometers)
>
 
The use of the standards commonly used in the
 
United States are appropriate and
customary for this resource jurisdiction and deposition
 
type.
>
 
MM&A performed a geostatistical analysis test
 
of the Coronado data sets using the
Drill Hole Spacing Analysis (
DHSA
) method.
>
 
Based on MM&A’s analysis, it would be possible to extend the measured,
 
indicated
and inferred arcs slightly beyond historically accepted
 
practices due to consistent
geological settings. The QP’s have elected not to extend
 
arc distances, introducing a
level of conservatism in the coal classification.
Moisture
>
 
Whether the tonnages are estimated on a dry
 
basis or with natural moisture,
and the method of determination of the moisture
 
content.
>
 
Coal resource tonnes are presented on a dry, in-situ basis.
>
 
Reserve tonnes are presented on a moist basis at anticipated
 
product moisture
ranging from 4.0 to 6.0 percent. Moisture content based
 
on historic analyses of
shipped coal.
Cut-off
Parameters
>
 
The basis of the adopted cut-off grade(s) or quality parameters
 
applied.
>
 
The cut-off parameters were tailored for each of the
 
Coronado properties to be in
accordance with mining/ processing capabilities and
 
market conditions prevalent at
each operation.
>
 
Examples include minimum recoverable coal thickness,
 
acceptable ash content and
wash recovery, and manageable overburden to coal ratio for surface mineable
 
coal.
>
 
Details of the parameters are cited within the
 
TRS and included in the table of Cut-off
Parameters listed in Section 11.1 of this TRS.
>
 
These cut-off parameters have been developed by MM&A
 
based on its experience
with the Coronado properties and other mining
 
operations of the Central Appalachian
coal basin.
 
This experience includes technical and economic
 
evaluations of
numerous properties in the region for the purposes
 
of determining the economic
viability of the subject coal reserves.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of
 
December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix E:
 
JORC Table 1
M
ARSHALL
M
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&
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SSOCIATES
,
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NC
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10
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
Mining factors or
assumptions
>
 
Assumptions made regarding possible mining methods,
 
minimum mining
dimensions and internal (or, if applicable, external) mining dilution.
 
It is always
necessary as part of the process of determining
 
reasonable prospects for
eventual economic extraction to consider potential
 
mining methods, but the
assumptions made regarding mining methods and parameters
 
when estimating
Mineral Resources may not always be rigorous.
 
Where this is the case, this
should be reported with an explanation of the
 
basis of the mining assumptions
made.
>
 
Mining factors such as dilution, mining and washing
 
recovery are variable and have
been applied at the coal deposits at each operation
 
based on site-specific
characteristics.
>
 
Details of the factors are cited within the TRS.
>
 
Factors that would typically preclude conversion of a
 
coal resource to coal reserve
include the following: inferred resource classification;
 
absence of coal quality; poor
mine recovery; lack of access; insufficient exploration; or
 
uncontrolled surface
property for areas of proposed for surface mining.
 
>
 
While such factors were used to preclude the conversion
 
of a very limited number of
coal resources to coal reserves in this report,
 
the extensive history of mining on the
Properties would suggest that there are reasonable prospects
 
for eventual economic
extractions of all coal resources under favorable
 
market conditions.
Metallurgical
factors or
assumptions
>
 
The basis for assumptions or predictions regarding
 
metallurgical amenability. It
is always necessary as part of the process of
 
determining reasonable prospects
for eventual economic extraction to consider potential
 
metallurgical methods,
but the assumptions regarding metallurgical treatment
 
processes and
parameters made when reporting Mineral Resources may
 
not always be
rigorous. Where this is the case, this should be reported
 
with an explanation of
the basis of the metallurgical assumptions made.
>
 
The products mined from coal resources controlled by
 
Coronado can be sold into
high-, mid-, and low-volatile metallurgical coal markets
 
because of their inherent
quality characteristics.
 
>
 
Run-of-mine production is washed at the coal preparation
 
plants as needed for
quality control.
 
>
 
Coronado may blend production from multiple
 
sources to manage ash and sulfur
content along with the rheological and petrographic
 
characteristics of the shipped
products.
 
Environmental
factors or
assumptions
>
 
Assumptions made regarding possible waste and
 
process residue disposal
options. It is always necessary as part of the process
 
of determining reasonable
prospects for eventual economic extraction to consider
 
the potential
environmental impacts of the mining and processing
 
operation.
 
While at this
stage the determination of potential environmental impacts,
 
particularly for a
greenfields project, may not always be well advanced,
 
the status of early
consideration of these potential environmental impacts
 
should be reported.
Where these aspects have not been considered
 
this should be reported with an
explanation of the environmental assumptions made.
>
 
MM&A completed a Limited Phase I Environmental Site
 
Assessment (ESA) on the
Buchanan property
 
in April 2016, and on the Logan County
 
and Greenbrier
Properties in May 2017 on behalf of Coronado.
 
Coronado reports not having
conducted such a study since the MM&A studies.
 
>
 
The ESAs completed by MM&A included a site inspection,
 
review of historical
records, a database search of State and Federal
 
regulatory records and interviews to
identify potential recognized environmental conditions (RECs)
 
that may create
environmental liability for the sites.
 
>
 
MM&A identified one REC at Greenbrier associated
 
with stained soil and gravel near
a fueling and maintenance area.
 
Coronado reported to MM&A that satisfactory
clean-up efforts were completed at Greenbrier.
 
>
 
Based on these former ESAs completed by MM&A,
 
it is MM&A’s opinion that
Coronado has a generally typical coal industry record
 
of compliance with applicable
mining, water quality, and environmental laws.
 
Estimated costs for mine closure,
including water quality monitoring during site reclamation,
 
are included in the TRS
financial models.
 
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of
 
December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix E:
 
JORC Table 1
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
11
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
Bulk density
>
 
Whether assumed or determined. If assumed, the
 
basis for the assumptions. If
determined, the method used, whether wet or dry, the frequency of the
measurements, the nature, size and representativeness
 
of the samples.
>
 
The bulk density for bulk material must have been
 
measured by methods that
adequately account for void spaces (vugs, porosity, etc), moisture and
differences between rock and alteration zones within the deposit.
>
 
Discuss assumptions for bulk density estimates
 
used in the evaluation process
of the different materials.
>
 
Laboratory derived seam densities measured in specific
 
gravity were used where
available.
 
As needed, these data were supplemented by estimated
 
seam density
values based on the relative proportion of
 
coal and non-coal material within the seam
(typically at 1.30 and 2.25 specific gravity, respectively).
>
 
Average seam density was determined for each coal deposit
 
and used to convert
coal volumes into coal tonnage estimates.
Classification
>
 
The basis for the classification of the Mineral Resources
 
into varying confidence
categories.
>
 
Whether appropriate account has been taken
 
of all relevant factors (i.e. relative
confidence in tonnage/grade estimations, reliability
 
of input data, confidence in
continuity of geology and metal values, quality, quantity and distribution
 
of the
data).
>
 
Whether the result appropriately reflects the
 
Competent
>
 
Person’s view of the deposit.
>
 
The Resource has been classified based on suitable
 
distances from points of
observations prescribed in the common United States
 
classification system.
>
 
The use of the United States standards is appropriate and
 
customary for this
resource jurisdiction and deposition type.3
>
 
MM&A performed a geostatistical analysis test
 
of the Coronado data sets using the
Drill Hole Spacing Analysis (
DHSA
) method.
>
 
Based on MM&A’s analysis, it would be possible to extend the measured,
 
indicated
and inferred arcs slightly beyond historically accepted
 
practices due to consistent
geological settings. The QP’s have elected not to extend
 
arc distances, introducing a
level of conservatism in the coal classification.
>
 
All relevant factors have been accounted for and
 
reflect the Competent Person’s
view of the deposit.
Audits or reviews
>
 
The results of any audits or reviews of Mineral
 
Resource estimates.
>
 
MM&A completed prepared a statement of coal resources
 
and reserves for the
Properties in accordance with the JORC Code
 
as of December 31, 2017.
 
MM&A
also subsequently updated the estimate of resources
 
and reserves for depletion as
of December 31, 2018, December 31, 2019, and
 
December 31, 2020.
>
 
MM&A performed a previous audit of the Properties
 
in year 2017 for Coronado
based on U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
 
(SEC) Industry Guide 7 and
USGS Circular 891 standards.
 
>
 
Earlier audits were performed by various independent
 
consultants for predecessors-
in-title to Coronado and at various levels of detail
 
depending on the clients concerns
and the allotted time for completion.
 
Previous audits and reviews defined the
primary coal resource areas and estimated the recoverable
 
tonnes for each seam
based on the expected mining methods.
 
>
 
Additionally, MM&A has performed proprietary evaluations for predecessors-in-title
to Coronado, which encompass portions of the Properties
 
included in this TRS.
Discussion of
relative accuracy/
confidence
>
 
Where appropriate a statement of the relative accuracy
 
and confidence level in
the Mineral Resource estimate using an approach
 
or procedure deemed
appropriate by the Competent Person. For example, the
 
application of statistical
or geostatistical procedures to quantify the relative
 
accuracy of the resource
within stated confidence limits, or, if such an approach is not deemed
>
 
The relative accuracy of and confidence in the
 
coal tonnage and quality estimates
provided herein are judged to be in conformance
 
with current industry best-practices.
>
 
The representation of average coal quality characteristics
 
should be understood to
represent a reasonably representative sampling
 
that is generally indicative of coal
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of
 
December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix E:
 
JORC Table 1
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JORC Code explanation
Commentary
appropriate, a qualitative discussion of the factors that
 
could affect the relative
accuracy and confidence of the estimate.
>
 
The statement should specify whether it relates
 
to global or local estimates,
and, if local, state the relevant tonnages, which
 
should be relevant to technical
and economic evaluation. Documentation should include
 
assumptions made
and the procedures used.
>
 
These statements of relative accuracy and confidence
 
of the estimate should be
compared with production data, where available.
quality and does not represent a statistically rigorous
 
approach to coal quality
modeling.
>
 
Resource estimation has been completed using standard
 
coal estimation methods
which are deemed appropriate for this deposit.
Section 4 Estimation and Reporting of Ore Reserves
(Criteria listed in the preceding section also apply to this section.)
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
Mineral Resource
estimate for
conversion to Ore
Reserves
 
>
 
Description of the Mineral Resource estimate used
 
as a basis for the
conversion to an Ore Reserve.
>
 
The coal resource estimate was prepared
 
as part of the report Coronado Global
Resources Inc. Statement of Coal Resources and
 
Reserves in Accordance with
JORC Code and United States SEC Standards
 
as of December 31, 2021 –
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and
Pennsylvania, USA – February 2022 prepared
 
by MM&A.
>
 
The resource estimation criteria were developed
 
by MM&A based on the capabilities
of the mining equipment used within the production
 
model and on industry-accepted
standards to assure that the basic geologic characteristics
 
of the coal resources are
in reasonable conformity with those to be mined and
 
marketed by Coronado.
>
 
Clear statement as to whether the Mineral Resources
 
are reported additional
to, or inclusive of, the Ore Reserves.
>
 
Coal resources generally are reported inclusive of
 
the coal reserves.
 
In some
cases, resources are reported in addition to
 
coal reserves.
 
Tables 1-1 and 11
 
-3 of
the TRS clearly identify resources “inclusive of mine
 
plan” from which coal reserves
were estimated along with those resources “exclusive
 
of mine plan” from which no
reserves were estimated.
 
Site visits
 
>
 
Comment on any site visits undertaken by the
 
Competent Person and the
outcome of those visits.
>
 
MM&A is very familiar with the Properties and
 
has conducted multiple site visits
throughout the years.
Study status
 
>
 
The type and level of study undertaken to
 
enable Mineral Resources to be
converted to Ore Reserves.
>
 
A preliminary feasibility LOM plan was prepared by
 
MM&A for active and proposed
mines.
 
>
 
The Code requires that a study to at least Pre-Feasibility
 
Study level has been
undertaken to convert Mineral Resources to Ore Reserves.
 
Such studies will
have been carried out and will have determined a
 
mine plan that is technically
achievable and economically viable, and that material
 
Modifying Factors have
been considered.
>
 
This geologic evaluation conducted in accordance
 
with JORC and SEC standards
and in conjunction with the preliminary feasibility
 
study is sufficient to conclude that
the surface, highwall miner and underground
 
coal reserves identified on the
Properties are economically mineable under reasonable
 
expectations of market
prices for thermal and metallurgical coal products, estimated
 
operation costs, and
capital expenditures.
>
 
The pre-feasibility financial models, prepared by MM&A
 
for this TRS, was developed
to test the economic viability of each coal resource
 
area.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of
 
December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix E:
 
JORC Table 1
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JORC Code explanation
Commentary
>
 
Proved and probable coal reserve were derived
 
from the defined in-situ coal
resource considering relevant processing, economic (including
 
independent
estimates of capital, revenue and cost, marketing, legal,
 
environmental,
socioeconomic, and regulatory factors).
Cut-off parameters
>
 
The basis of the adopted cut-off grade(s) or quality parameters
 
applied.
>
 
The cut-off parameters were tailored for each of the
 
Coronado properties to be in
accordance with mining/ processing capabilities and
 
market conditions prevalent at
each operation.
>
 
Examples include minimum recoverable coal thickness,
 
acceptable ash content and
wash recovery, and manageable overburden to coal ratio for surface mineable
 
coal.
>
 
Details of the parameters are cited within the TRS and
 
included in the table of Cut-
off Parameters listed in Section 11.1 of this TRS.
>
 
These cut-off parameters have been developed by MM&A
 
based on its experience
with the Coronado properties and are typical of
 
mining operations in the Central
Appalachian coal basin.
 
This experience includes technical and economic
evaluations of numerous properties in the region
 
for the purposes of determining the
economic viability of the subject coal reserves.
Mining factors or
assumptions
 
>
 
The method and assumptions used as reported
 
in the Pre-Feasibility or
Feasibility Study to convert the Mineral Resource to an
 
Ore Reserve (i.e. either
by application of appropriate factors by optimisation
 
or by preliminary or
detailed design).
>
 
After validating coal seam data and establishing
 
correlations, the thickness and
elevation for seams of economic interest were used
 
to generate a geologic model.
>
 
A pre-feasibility LOM plan was prepared
 
by MM&A for active and proposed mines.
 
MM&A prepared mine projections and production timing
 
forecasts based on coal
seam characteristics.
 
Production timing was carried out from 2022
 
to depletion
(exhaustion) of the coal reserve areas.
>
 
The choice, nature and appropriateness of the selected
 
mining method(s) and
other mining parameters including associated design
 
issues such as pre-strip,
access, etc.
>
 
The room-and-pillar mining method was selected to
 
model the underground mining
resources, utilizing continuous miners for coal extraction,
 
shuttle cars for production
section haulage and roof bolters for roof control,
 
with the exception that the
Buchanan Mine also uses longwall shearers, armored
 
face conveyors, and
hydraulic self-advancing roof support.
 
The resource areas located above drainage
are relatively small and often have irregular
 
boundaries.
The Buchanan Mine in
Buchanan County, Virginia is the only active longwall mine currently being operated
by Coronado.
>
 
The Coronado underground mining resource areas
 
which are located above-
drainage require an access road and mine access
 
development along the outcrop,
whereas below-drainage mines are accessed via shaft or
 
slope based on other
proposed surface infrastructure locations and/or
 
surface property control.
 
>
 
The surface mining method selected utilizes highly productive
 
hydraulic shovels,
front-end loaders, large tractors and rock trucks
 
for overburden removal.
 
The
mobile equipment spreads adapt readily to winding
 
coal outcrops for contour
surface mining and are effective for point-removal and area
 
mining applications.
>
 
Application of highwall and auger mining units
 
is an effective method to recover coal
resources not suitable for underground mining and under
 
excessive cover for
surface mining.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of
 
December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix E:
 
JORC Table 1
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JORC Code explanation
Commentary
>
 
The assumptions made regarding geotechnical parameters
 
(e.g. pit slopes,
stope sizes, etc.), grade control and pre-production
 
drilling.
>
 
Mining plans for potential underground mines were
 
developed by MM&A.
 
Pillar
stability was tested by MM&A using the
Analysis of Coal Pillar Stability (ACPS
)
program that was developed by the
National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health (
NIOSH
)
.
 
>
 
Coronado must obtain approved mining plans from
United States Department of
Labor Mine Safety and Health Administration (
MSHA
)
that define safety
parameters for the highwalls developed during
 
contour and area mining.
 
MM&A’s
planning model does not require input of specific
 
highwall design parameters, but
provides for timing of mining within mine plan polygons
 
that is representative of the
operation performance attained at Central Appalachia
 
surface mines.
>
 
Highwall and auger mining is conducted under highwalls
 
designed and constructed
to meet MSHA permit requirements.
 
To better assure highwall stability and safety
during highwall coal extraction, MSHA requires that
 
coal fenders, or stumps, be left
in place between successive cuts. Periodic barrier pillars
 
must be left in place as an
additional safeguard.
 
MM&A has adjusted the expected mining recovery
 
for
highwall and auger mining resources to reflect
 
highwall stability and safety
requirements.
>
 
The major assumptions made and Mineral Resource
 
model used for pit and
stope optimisation (if appropriate).
>
 
Underground Mining Resources:
 
For metallurgical resources, minimum coal seam
thickness extends down to between 0.6 and 1.2
 
meters and a minimum overburden
(depth of cover) of 30.5 meters.
 
A 61-meter horizontal distance is maintained from
abandoned mines and sealed or pillared areas,
 
and a 30-meter horizontal distance
is maintained from planned highwall miner panels.
 
Mine recovery is reduced when
a rider coal seam is present within a 1.5- to 3.0-meter
 
interval above the coal seam.
 
No mining is projected when the interval between
 
overlying and underlying reserves
is less than 12 meters.
>
 
Surface Mining Resources:
 
For classification as a surface-mineable resource, a
seam must be at least 0.3 meters in thickness
 
as a stand-alone (principle) seam
and 0.15 meters in thickness when less than
 
0.8 meters from a principle seam.
 
The
maximum cumulative area mining strip ratio is generally
 
20:1 for thermal coal and
30:1 for metallurgical coal.
 
Some areas were assessed for their economic viability
at higher ratios, and were included as reserves
 
if deemed economic.
 
For contour
surface mining, a minimum of 38-meter bench is
 
provided to support HWM.
>
 
HWM and Auger Mining Resources: HWM cut depth (penetration)
 
is established at
a maximum of 244 meters.
 
The minimum mineable coal thickness is limited
 
at 0.6
meters. For coal seams less than 0.8 meters
 
thick, roof and/or floor characteristics
must allow OSD cutting to maintain a 0.8-meter
 
minimum cutting height.
Auger
mining cut depth is established at an average
 
of 91 meters.
 
The minimum mineable
coal thickness is limited at 0.5 meters.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of
 
December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix E:
 
JORC Table 1
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JORC Code explanation
Commentary
>
 
The mining dilution factors used.
>
 
Underground Mining Reserves:
 
The planning model assigns minimum mining
heights of 1.4 to 1.8 meters for mains and panel
 
development.
 
At the Buchanan
Mine, a minimum mining height of 1.8 meters
 
was used due to the longwall mining
method being employed.
 
For coal seams thinner than the assigned mining
 
height,
the difference between the coal seam height and assigned
 
mining height consists of
OSD.
 
In all cases a minimum of 0.05 meters of
 
OSD was assumed, with the
exception of the Mon Valley mines, where a minimum 0.15 meters of OSD was
assumed due to weaker floor strata.
>
 
Surface Mining Reserves:
 
Area mining is generally limited to a cumulative
overburden ratio of 30:1 and a 15:1 ratio for
 
contour mining.
 
Exceptions were
considered for mining of metallurgical grade coal where
 
deemed economical.
 
It is
assumed that careful cleaning of exposed coal pits will
 
result in minimal OSD.
>
 
HWM and Auger Mining Reserves:
 
The mining plan assumes that the HWM cutting
height is a minimum of 76 to 99 centimeters
 
for clearance purposes.
 
When the coal
seam is less than 76 to 99 centimeters thick, OSD
 
assumed and included in the
ROM product.
Because the auger has very limited OSD cutting ability, it is assumed
that an appropriate auger diameter will be
 
chosen based on the coal seam
thickness and that OSD will be minimal.
>
 
The mining recovery factors used.
>
 
Underground Mining Reserves:
 
Mine recovery generally varies between 40 and
 
60
percent for continuous mining panels, and 100
 
percent for longwall.
>
 
Surface Mining Reserves:
 
Mining recovery is 90 percent for virgin areas.
 
Mining
recovery is reduced where second mining is
 
projected in previously underground
and auger mined areas.
>
 
HWM and Auger Mining Reserves:
 
A mine recovery of 40 percent has been applied
for HWM.
A mine recovery of 35 percent has been
 
applied for auger mining.
>
 
Any minimum mining widths used.
>
 
Underground Mining Reserves:
 
Typical entry width is 5.8 to 6.1 meters.
>
 
The manner in which Inferred Mineral Resources
 
are utilised in mining studies
and the sensitivity of the outcome to their inclusion.
>
 
Proved and probable coal reserve were derived
 
from the defined in-situ coal
resource considering relevant processing, economic (including
 
independent
estimates of capital, revenue and cost, marketing, legal,
 
environmental,
socioeconomic, and regulatory factors).
>
 
Mine plan LOM tonnage includes inferred coal and
 
those areas that do not meet the
minimum coal thickness requirement for classification as
 
reserve.
 
Inferred coal
represents approximately 0.6% of the LOM production
 
for Mon Valley and 0.04% of
the total LOM production for Logan.
 
None of this coal was included in the estimate
of reserves
 
>
 
The infrastructure requirements of the selected mining
 
methods.
>
 
Underground Mining Resources:
 
The continuous mining method provides for the
extraction of coal from the production faces using
 
continuous miners (and longwall
shearing machine at Buchanan) and haulage using
 
shuttle cars or battery haulers to
a feeder-breaker located at the tail of the section
 
conveyor belt.
 
The feeder-breaker
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of
 
December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix E:
 
JORC Table 1
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JORC Code explanation
Commentary
crushes large pieces of coal and rock and regulates
 
coal feed onto the mine
conveyor.
 
A chain conveyor is used to remove coal from
 
the longwall face at the
Buchanan Mine for placement onto the conveyor belt
 
which is ultimately delivered to
an underground storage bunker.
 
Roof-bolting machines are used to install roof
bolts, and battery scoops are available to clean the
 
mine entries and assist in
delivery of mine supplies to work areas.
 
Surface ventilation fans are installed as
needed to provide a sufficient volume of air to ventilate production
 
sections, coal
haulage and transport entries, battery charging stations,
 
and transformers in
accordance with approved plans.
>
 
Coronado currently operates three coal preparation
 
plants, one each at the
Buchanan, Logan County and Greenbrier Divisions.
 
The Buchanan Plant operates
at a feed rate of approximately 907 raw tonnes
 
per hour (
tph
), whereas the
Saunders Plant (Logan County Division) has a nominal
 
feed rate of 816 tph, and the
Mountaineer Plant (Greenbrier Division) operates
 
at 544 tph.
MM&A has included
capital estimates for construction of additional
 
coal preparation plants at the Russell
County and Mon Valley Complex for the purposes of this TRS.
 
>
 
Surface Mining Resources: The surface mining mobile equipment
 
spreads advance
the contour and area mining pits while systematically
 
reclaiming the trailing side of
pits where coal has been removed.
 
The coal haul roads are extended and
maintained as the pits advance.
 
Support facilities are maintained nearby but
 
away
from the active mining, and include storage areas
 
for blasting agents, fuel and
lubricants, and mine supplies along with maintenance
 
facilities and offices.
 
Most of
the surface mine production is transported to a loading
 
point for crushing, blending
and direct-shipment to customers.
 
>
 
HWM and Auger Resources: The HWM equipment advances
 
along with the contour
mining pits.
 
The rate of advance of the contour mining
 
is governed by the
advancement rate of the HWM.
 
A diesel-powered generator trails the highwall
miner and powers the continuous mining unit.
 
Other support facilities are provided
along with the contour mining support facilities.
 
HWM production is all transported
by truck to the coal preparation plant for washing.
Metallurgical
factors or
assumptions
 
>
 
The metallurgical process proposed and the appropriateness
 
of that process to
the style of mineralisation.
>
 
Coarse material is washed in a heavy medium
 
vessel.
 
Intermediate-size material is
washed in heavy medium cyclones.
 
Fine material is washed using conventional
froth flotation cells.
>
 
Whether the metallurgical process is well-tested technology
 
or novel in nature.
>
 
Processes are typical of those used in the
 
coal industry and are in use at adjacent
coal processing plants.
>
 
The nature, amount and representativeness of metallurgical
 
test work
undertaken, the nature of the metallurgical domaining applied
 
and the
corresponding metallurgical recovery factors applied.
>
 
The quality characteristics for the subject coal resources
 
and coal reserves have
been reviewed in detail by MM&A.
 
The drill hole data were utilized to develop
average coal quality characteristics mining site.
 
These average coal quality
characteristics were then utilized as the basis for determining
 
the various markets
into which the saleable coal will likely be placed.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of
 
December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix E:
 
JORC Table 1
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Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
>
 
Any assumptions or allowances made for deleterious
 
elements.
>
 
No significant effects on product quality are anticipated
 
from dilution material; float
product quality was used to model final product
 
quality.
>
 
The existence of any bulk sample or pilot scale
 
test work and the degree to
which such samples are considered representative of
 
the orebody as a whole
>
 
No bulk sample or pilot scale work has been completed.
>
 
For minerals that are defined by a specification,
 
has the ore reserve estimation
been based on the appropriate mineralogy to meet
 
specifications?
>
 
Notwithstanding the complexity of the coal quality data
 
set, the seams of the central
and northern Appalachian coalfields have a long history
 
of providing both high-Btu
thermal coals and high-, mid- and low-volatile coking
 
coals with favorable
metallurgical properties.
Environmental
 
>
 
The status of studies of potential environmental impacts
 
of the mining and
processing operation. Details of waste rock characterisation
 
and the
consideration of potential sites, status of design options
 
considered and, where
applicable, the status of approvals for process residue
 
storage and waste
dumps should be reported.
>
 
MM&A completed a Limited Phase I Environmental Site
 
Assessment (
ESA
) on the
Buchanan property
 
in April 2016, and on the Logan County
 
and Greenbrier
Properties in May 2017 on behalf of Coronado.
>
 
MM&A identified one REC at Greenbrier associated
 
with stained soil and gravel
near a fueling and maintenance area.
 
Coronado reported to MM&A that satisfactory
clean-up efforts were completed at Greenbrier.
>
 
Based on these former ESAs completed by MM&A,
 
it is MM&A’s opinion that
Coronado has a generally typical coal industry
 
record of compliance with applicable
mining, water quality, and environmental laws.
 
Estimated costs for mine closure,
including water quality monitoring during site reclamation,
 
are included in the TRS
financial models.
Infrastructure
 
>
 
The
 
existence
 
of
 
appropriate
 
infrastructure:
 
availability
 
of
 
land
 
for
 
plant
development, power,
 
water,
 
transportation (particularly
 
for bulk
 
commodities),
labour,
 
accommodation;
 
or
 
the
 
ease
 
with
 
which
 
the
 
infrastructure
 
can
 
be
provided or accessed.
>
 
Coronado currently operates one surface mine (Toney Fork Mine at the Logan Mine
Complex); Coronado also controls the idle Midland
 
Surface Mine at the Greenbrier
Mine Complex.
 
>
 
Coronado operates five underground mines as follows:
 
Buchanan Mine at the
Buchanan Mine Complex; Powellton #1, Eagle No. 1,
 
Muddy Bridge and Lower War
Eagle Mines in the Logan Mine Complex; the Mountaineer
 
#1 Mine at the
Greenbrier Mine Complex is currently idle.
>
 
All ROM production is currently planned for either
 
truck transportation from the
mines to the processing or shipping facilities, or
 
in some cases there is either a
current or planned mine mouth preparation plant and
 
barge/rail loading facility.
 
>
 
There is a network of public highways that provide
 
serviceable coal haul routes and
private, internal roads on the Properties would
 
be developed as may be needed.
 
Rail service to the Properties is most readily
 
provided by NS and CSX
with
connections to both domestic consumers and international
 
trans-shipment points.
 
NS track is located across the Monongahela
 
River from the proposed Pangburn
Hollow load-out facility.
 
Coal would be shipped to customers via barge
 
and rail and
sold as both metallurgical and thermal products.
 
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of
 
December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix E:
 
JORC Table 1
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Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
Costs
 
>
 
The derivation of, or assumptions made, regarding
 
projected capital costs in
the study.
>
 
The methodology used to estimate operating costs.
>
 
Coronado provided historical and 5-year budget operating
 
costs for its active mines
for MM&A’s review.
 
MM&A used the historical and/or budget cost
 
information as a
reference and developed personnel schedules for
 
each mine.
 
Hourly labor rates
and salaries were based upon information contained
 
in Coronado’s financial
summaries.
 
Fringe benefit costs were developed for vacation
 
and holidays, federal
and state unemployment insurance, retirement, workers’
 
compensation and
pneumoconiosis, casualty and life insurance, healthcare
 
and bonuses.
 
A cost factor
for mine supplies was developed that relates expenditures
 
to mine advance rates for
roof control costs and other mine supply costs at
 
underground mines.
 
Other factors
were developed for maintenance and repair costs,
 
rentals, mine power, outside
services and other direct mining costs
>
 
Surface mine direct operating costs were developed
 
as a function of overburden
ratio for repair and maintenance supplies, diesel
 
fuel, explosives and blasting, and
miscellaneous supplies and services.
 
Operating costs for highwall mines are based
on costs per ROM tonne estimates.
 
Other cost factors were developed for
 
coal
preparation plant processing, refuse handling,
 
coal loading, trucking, property taxes,
and insurance and bonding.
 
Appropriate royalty rates were assigned for production
from leased coal lands and sales taxes were calculated
 
for state severance taxes,
the federal black lung excise tax, and federal and
 
state reclamation fees.
>
 
Capital schedules were developed by MM&A for mine
 
development, infrastructure,
and on-going capital requirements for the life of
 
each projected mine.
>
 
Staffing levels were prepared and operating costs estimated
 
by MM&A for each
projected mine.
 
MM&A utilized historical cost data provided by Coronado
 
and its
own knowledge and experience to estimate direct
 
and indirect operating costs.
 
>
 
Allowances made for the content of deleterious elements.
>
 
No allowances have been made for deleterious
 
elements; no impact to quality from
deleterious elements is anticipated.
>
 
The derivation of assumptions made of metal or commodity
 
price(s), for the
principal minerals and co- products.
>
 
Coronado provided MM&A with price forecasts
 
for all Properties.
 
Customer coal
pricing is derived from market observed forward
 
estimates based on global
economic supply and demand analysis which is applied
 
to mine plan sales volumes
and product mix and is supplemented with Coronado’s
 
in-house knowledge of
applicable rail transportation charges, ocean freight
 
charges and port charges.
 
Coal
price forecasts for the various products were provided
 
by Coronado for various coal
markets in terms of US nominal dollars per metric
 
tonne.
 
MM&A utilized this data
for price forecasting in financial modeling.
>
 
Derivation of transportation charges.
>
 
Coronado provided MM&A with price forecasts
 
for all Properties.
 
Customer coal
pricing is derived from market observed forward
 
estimates based on global
economic supply and demand analysis which is applied
 
to mine plan sales volumes
and product mix and is supplemented with Coronado’s
 
in-house knowledge of
applicable rail transportation charges, ocean freight
 
charges and port charges.
 
Coal
price forecasts for the various products were provided
 
by Coronado for various coal
markets in terms of US nominal dollars per metric
 
tonne.
 
MM&A utilized this data
for price forecasting in financial modeling.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of
 
December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix E:
 
JORC Table 1
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JORC Code explanation
Commentary
>
 
The basis for forecasting or source of treatment and
 
refining charges, penalties
for failure to meet specification, etc.
>
 
MM&A utilized historical cost data provided by
 
Coronado and its own knowledge
and experience to estimate direct and indirect operating
 
costs.
 
All ROM production
is currently planned for either truck transportation from
 
the mines to the processing
or shipping facilities, or in some cases there is either
 
a current or planned mine
mouth preparation plant and barge/rail loading facility.
>
 
The allowances made for royalties payable, both
 
Government and private.
>
 
Appropriate royalty rates were assigned for production
 
from leased coal lands and
sales taxes were calculated for state severance taxes,
 
the federal black lung excise
tax, and federal and state reclamation fees.
Revenue factors
 
>
 
The derivation of, or assumptions made regarding
 
revenue factors including
head grade, metal or commodity price(s) exchange
 
rates, transportation and
treatment charges, penalties, net smelter returns, etc.
>
 
Coronado provided MM&A with price forecasts
 
for all Properties.
 
Customer coal
pricing is derived from market observed forward
 
estimates based on global
economic supply and demand analysis which is applied
 
to mine plan sales volumes
and product mix and is supplemented with Coronado’s
 
in-house knowledge of
applicable rail transportation charges, ocean freight
 
charges and port charges.
 
Coal
price forecasts for the various products were provided
 
by Coronado for various coal
markets in terms of US nominal dollars per metric
 
tonne.
 
MM&A utilized this data
for price forecasting in financial modeling.
>
 
The derivation of assumptions made of metal or commodity
 
price(s), for the
principal metals, minerals and co-products.
>
 
Coal sales prices as defined above.
 
All reported reserves are on a marketable
basis.
Market assessment
 
>
 
The demand, supply and stock situation for the particular
 
commodity,
consumption trends and factors likely to affect supply and
 
demand into the
future.
>
 
Coronado provided MM&A with price forecasts
 
for all Properties.
 
Customer coal
pricing is derived from market observed forward
 
estimates based on global
economic supply and demand analysis which is applied
 
to mine plan sales volumes
and product mix and is supplemented with Coronado’s
 
in-house knowledge of
applicable rail transportation charges, ocean freight
 
charges and port charges.
 
Coal
price forecasts for the various products were provided
 
by Coronado for various coal
markets in terms of US nominal dollars per metric
 
tonne.
 
MM&A utilized this data
for price forecasting in financial modeling.
>
 
A customer and competitor analysis along with the identification
 
of likely market
windows for the product.
>
 
All of the mine production serves metallurgical and thermal
 
markets.
 
The
metallurgical coal is marketed as high-volatile (typically
 
28 percent or greater volatile
matter content); mid-volatile (typically 23- to 27-percent
 
volatile matter content) and
low-volatile (typically less than 23 percent volatile
 
matter content) products.
>
 
Raw ROM production that requires washing is
 
currently processed through
Coronado owned and operated coal preparation
 
plants.
 
>
 
ROM coal that does not require further processing
 
is delivered directly to the loading
points for sizing and delivery to customers.
 
Coronado has access to two rail-loading
points serviced by the
Norfolk Southern Corporation (
NS
)
 
and two rail-loading
points serviced by
CSX Corporation (
CSX
)
.
>
 
Price and volume forecasts and the basis for these
 
forecasts.
>
 
Carlson Mining 2020
®
 
was used by MM&A to generate mine
 
plans for underground-
and surface-mineable coal seams.
 
Underground mine plans were sequenced
based on productivity schedules provided by Coronado,
 
which were based on
historically achieved productivity levels.
 
Surface mine plans were generated under
productivity assumptions (bank cubic yard per shift) as
 
provided by Coronado and
reviewed by MM&A, again based heavily on productivity
 
levels achieved by
Coronado.
 
All production forecasting ties assumed production
 
rates to geological
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of
 
December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix E:
 
JORC Table 1
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Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
models as constructed independently by MM&A’s team of geologists and mining
engineers.
>
 
Coronado provided MM&A with price forecasts
 
for all Properties.
 
Customer coal
pricing is derived from market observed forward
 
estimates based on global
economic supply and demand analysis which is applied
 
to mine plan sales volumes
and product mix and is supplemented with Coronado’s
 
in-house knowledge of
applicable rail transportation charges, ocean freight
 
charges and port charges.
 
Coal
price forecasts for the various products were provided
 
by Coronado for various coal
markets in terms of US nominal dollars per metric
 
tonne.
 
MM&A utilized this data
for price forecasting in financial modeling.
Economic
 
>
 
The inputs to the economic analysis to produce the
 
net present value (NPV) in
the study, the source and confidence of these economic inputs including
estimated inflation, discount rate, etc.
>
 
On an unlevered basis, the NPV of the project
 
cash flows after taxes was estimated
for the purpose of classifying coal reserves.
 
The project cash flows, excluding debt
service, are calculated by subtracting direct and indirect
 
operating expenses and
capital expenditures from revenue.
 
Direct costs include labor, drilling and blasting,
operating supplies, maintenance and repairs, facilities
 
costs for materials handling,
coal preparation, refuse disposal, coal loading, sampling
 
and analysis services,
reclamation and general and administrative costs.
 
Indirect costs include statutory
and legally agreed upon fees related to direct
 
extraction of the mineral.
 
The indirect
costs are the Federal black lung tax, Federal
 
and State reclamation taxes, property
taxes, local transportation prior to delivery at
 
rail or barge loading sites, coal
production royalties, sales and use taxes, income
 
taxes and State severance taxes.
Coronado’s historical costs provided a useful reference
 
for MM&A’s cost estimates.
>
 
Coronado provided MM&A with price forecasts
 
for all Properties.
 
Customer coal
pricing is derived from market observed forward estimates
 
based on global
economic supply and demand analysis which is applied
 
to mine plan sales volumes
and product mix and is supplemented with Coronado’s
 
in-house knowledge of
applicable rail transportation charges, ocean freight
 
charges and port charges.
 
Coal
price forecasts for the various products were provided
 
by Coronado for various coal
markets in terms of US nominal dollars per metric
 
tonne.
 
MM&A utilized this data
for price forecasting in financial modeling.
>
 
All costs and prices are based on 2021 nominal United
 
States dollars.
>
 
A pre-feasibility LOM plan was prepared
 
by MM&A for active and proposed mines.
 
MM&A prepared mine projections and production timing
 
forecasts based on coal
seam characteristics.
 
Production timing was carried out from 2022
 
to depletion
(exhaustion) of the coal reserve areas, which is projected
 
for the year 2099.
>
 
The all-mines average cash cost ranges between approximately
 
$56 and $311 per
tonne for most of the operating period.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of
 
December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix E:
 
JORC Table 1
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JORC Code explanation
Commentary
>
 
NPV ranges and sensitivity to variations in the
 
significant assumptions and
inputs.
>
 
An estimate of NPV at a base discount rate of
 
10.0% was included in Section 19 of
the TRS.
>
 
NPV of the Buchanan, Russell, Mon Valley,
 
Logan and Greenbrier Properties was
estimated to be $1.580 billion, $89.7 million, $287.3
 
million, $611.3 million and
$66.0 million, respectively.
>
 
The sensitivity study shows the NPV at the 10.0%
 
discount rate when Base Case
sales prices, operating costs, and capital costs are
 
increased and decreased in
increments of 5% within a +/- 15% range.
 
Social
 
>
 
The status of agreements with key stakeholders
 
and matters leading to social
license to operate.
>
 
Portions of the properties are located near
 
local communities.
 
Regulations prohibit
mining activities within 91 meters of a residential
 
dwelling, school, church, or similar
structure unless written consent is first obtained from
 
the owner of the structure.
 
Where required, such consents have been obtained
 
where mining is proposed
beyond the regulatory limits.
Other
 
To the extent relevant, the impact of the following on the project and/or on the
estimation and classification of the Ore Reserves:
>
 
Any identified material naturally occurring risks.
>
 
No material naturally occurring risks have been
 
identified.
>
 
The status of material legal agreements and marketing
 
arrangements.
>
 
The Coronado coal resources are located in Buchanan,
 
Russell and Tazewell
Counties, Virginia; Greenbrier, Logan, Boone, Wyoming and Greenbrier Counties,
West Virginia; Allegheny, Washington and Westmoreland Counties, Pennsylvania.
>
 
MM&A has not carried out separate title verification for
 
the coal properties and has
not verified leases, deeds, surveys or other property
 
control instruments pertinent to
the subject resources.
>
 
Coronado has represented to MM&A that it controls
 
the mining rights to the reserves
as shown on its property maps, and MM&A
 
has accepted these as being a true and
accurate depiction of the mineral rights controlled by
 
Coronado.
 
The TRS assumes
the properties are developed under responsible and
 
experienced management.
>
 
The status of government agreements and approvals
 
critical to the viability of
the project, such as mineral tenement status and
 
government and statutory
approvals. There must be reasonable grounds
 
to expect that all necessary
Government approvals will be received within
 
the timeframes anticipated in the
Pre-Feasibility or Feasibility study. Highlight and discuss the materiality of any
unresolved matter that is dependent on a third part
 
on which extraction of the
reserve is contingent.
>
 
Coronado has obtained all mining and discharge permits
 
to operate 34 underground
mines, 13 surface mines, and 18 processing, loadout
 
or related facilities.
 
MM&A is
unaware of any obvious or current Coronado
 
permitting issues that are expected to
prevent the issuance of future permits.
 
Coronado, along with all Central and
Northern Appalachian basin coal producers, is
 
subject to a level of uncertainty
regarding future clean water permits due to
United States Environmental
Protection Agency
(
EPA
)
 
involvement with state programs.
Classification
 
>
 
The basis for the classification of the Ore Reserves
 
into varying confidence
categories. Whether the result appropriately reflects
 
the Competent Person’s
view of the deposit. The proportion of Probable
 
Ore Reserves that have been
derived from Measured Mineral Resources (if
 
any).
>
 
Measured and indicated resources have been
 
converted to proved and probable
reserves, respectively.
>
 
None of the probable coal reserves have been
 
derived from measured resources.
>
 
In a limited number of cases where there was
 
only very limited data available to
demonstrate the metallurgical suitability of a given
 
coal deposit, that deposit was
classified as a probable reserve instead of a
 
proved reserve.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of
 
December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix E:
 
JORC Table 1
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JORC Code explanation
Commentary
>
 
The results of this TRS define an estimated total
 
initial ROM recoverable ore (coal)
reserve estimate of 556 million tonnes for Coronado
 
as follows:
a)
 
Buchanan =
 
160 Mt
b)
 
Logan
 
=
 
137 Mt
c)
 
Greenbrier=
 
12 Mt
d)
 
Russell =
 
50 Mt
e)
 
Mon Valley =
 
197 Mt
 
>
 
Coronado controls a total of 342 Mt (moist basis)
 
of marketable coal reserves for
Coronado as of December 31, 2021.
 
Of that total, 72 percent are proved, and
 
28
percent are probable.
 
Total reserves by complex are as follows:
a)
 
Buchanan =
 
98 Mt
b)
 
Logan
 
=
 
73 Mt
c)
 
Greenbrier=
 
7 Mt
d)
 
Russell =
 
30 Mt
e)
 
Mon Valley =
 
134 Mt
 
Audits or reviews
>
 
The results of any audits or reviews of Ore
 
Reserve estimates.
>
 
MM&A completed prepared a statement of coal resources
 
and reserves for the
Properties in accordance with the JORC Code
 
as of December 31, 2017.
 
MM&A
also subsequently updated the estimate of resources and
 
reserves for depletion as
of December 31, 2018, December 31, 2019, and
 
December 31, 2020.
>
 
MM&A performed a previous audit of the Properties
 
in year 2017 for Coronado
based on
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (
SEC
)
 
Industry Guide 7
standards.
 
Earlier audits were performed by various
 
independent consultants for
predecessors-in-title to Coronado and at various
 
levels of detail depending on the
clients concerns and the allotted time for completion.
 
Previous audits and reviews
defined the primary coal resource areas and estimated
 
the recoverable tonnes for
each seam based on the expected mining methods.
>
 
Additionally, MM&A has performed proprietary evaluations for predecessors-in-title
to Coronado, which encompass portions of the Properties
 
included in this TRS.
Discussion of
relative accuracy/
confidence
 
>
 
Where appropriate a statement of the relative accuracy
 
and confidence level in
the Ore Reserve estimate using an approach
 
or procedure deemed appropriate
by the Competent Person. For example, the application
 
of statistical or
geostatistical procedures to quantify the relative accuracy
 
of the reserve within
stated confidence limits, or, if such an approach is not deemed
 
appropriate, a
qualitative discussion of the factors which could affect the relative
 
accuracy
and confidence of the estimate.
>
 
Operations on the Properties by Coronado and
 
its predecessors have been on-
going for many years.
 
>
 
MM&A is confident that the mine plans and
 
financial models are reasonably
representative to provide an accurate estimation of
 
coal reserves.
>
 
Mine development and operation have not been optimized
 
within the TRS.
>
 
The statement should specify whether it relates
 
to global or local estimates,
and, if local, state the relevant tonnages, which
 
should be relevant to technical
and economic evaluation. Documentation should include
 
assumptions made
and the procedures used.
>
 
Proved and probable coal reserve were derived
 
from the defined in-situ coal
resource considering relevant processing, economic (including
 
independent
estimates of capital, revenue and cost), marketing, legal,
 
environmental,
socioeconomic, and regulatory factors on a global
 
scale as current local data
reflects the global assumptions.
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of
 
December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix E:
 
JORC Table 1
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JORC Code explanation
Commentary
>
 
Accuracy and confidence discussions should extend to
 
specific discussions of
any applied Modifying Factors that may have
 
a material impact on Ore Reserve
viability, or for which there are remaining areas of uncertainty at the current
study stage.
The major risk factors for the active Coronado
 
mines and future resource development
are summarized below:
>
 
Mine Accidents
>
 
Highwall Failure.
 
Highwall failures are likely to result in
 
a temporary mine closure
and should not have a material impact on the
 
mine sustainability.
 
The risk is
considered to be probable.
 
>
 
Adverse Geological Conditions.
 
Adverse geological conditions include such
conditions as faults and sandstone washes.
 
The risk is considered to be probable.
 
The impact is expected to be temporary with
 
little material impact on mine
sustainability.
>
 
Environmental Risk.
 
Numerous federal and state permits are required
 
to operate
coal mines and mine surface facilities. Permitting rules
 
are complex and may
change over time, making compliance difficult or impossible.
>
 
Water Quality.
 
Permit requirements to fulfill Clean Water Act obligations are
 
subject
to modification.
 
The probability of water quality changes having
 
a material impact
on mine operations is possible.
 
As a contemporary example, the selenium
discharge issue that affects western Canadian and Central
 
Appalachian Basin
operators has only recently emerged as a concern
 
and its ultimate impact has not
been determined.
>
 
New Permits.
 
Permit protests by environmental groups and
 
individuals can
contribute to permit delays or denial and increase
 
the cost of permitting and delay
development.
 
Surface mining activities, coal refuse disposal and
 
construction of
access roads in mountainous terrain often require
 
storage of material in valley fills.
 
Authority to dispose of fill material into waters of
 
the United States must be granted
by the
United States Army Corps of Engineers
 
(
COE
)
.
 
COE permits are
increasingly difficult to obtain.
>
 
Regulatory Requirements.
 
Adverse impact from regulatory changes is
 
considered
to be probable.
 
The impact will likely affect the broader industry
 
and is not expected
to result in mine closure.
>
 
Market Risk.
 
Metallurgical and thermal coal markets ultimately depend
 
upon the
global steel and thermal coal demand and are
 
considered to be volatile.
 
Currently,
the US coal market has seen a decline
 
in demand for thermal coal due to thermal
plant closures, as a result of new air and
 
water pollution regulations, and
competition from other commodities used for power
 
generation such as natural gas.
 
This has resulted in an overall decline in CAPP
 
coal production.
 
Continued
regulatory changes and declining demand could result in
 
material changes in
domestic and global coal markets.
 
The impact cannot be predicted at this time;
however, while MM&A expects the coal reserve within this TRS to
 
remain
economically viable throughout the life of the projected
 
mines, the LOM financial
model is very sensitive to changes in coal sales
 
price and therefore market risk is
not insignificant.
>
 
Labor Risk.
 
Work stoppage due to organized labor protests
 
is considered to be
unlikely and not likely to lead to permanent mine
 
closure.
 
The mines are likely to
 
 
ex962p2i0.jpg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of
 
December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix E:
 
JORC Table 1
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Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
suffer the loss of key supervisors and skilled employees
 
due to retirement as the
workforce ages.
 
The problem is industry-wide and the impact
 
is expected to be
temporary and have no sustained impact on
 
coal production.
>
 
Availability of Equipment and Supplies.
 
Risk of equipment and supply availability is
likely to be temporary and should not have a sustained
 
adverse impact on the
production of coal.
>
 
Transportation Delay.
 
Interruption of coal transport services by river
 
or rail is
considered to be probable but unlikely to have a
 
sustained impact on coal
production.
>
 
It is recognised that this may not be possible or appropriate
 
in all
circumstances. These statements of relative accuracy and
 
confidence of the
estimate should be compared with production data,
 
where available.
>
 
Mine plans, productivity expectations and cost estimates
 
generally reflect historical
performance and efforts have been made to adjust plans
 
and costs to reflect future
conditions.