lmnr-20250430

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549


FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For The Quarterly Period Ended April 30, 2025


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For The Transition Period From To

Commission File Number: 001-34755


LIMONEIRA COMPANY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware			77-0260692
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)


1141 Cummings Road
Santa Paula, CA 93060
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (805) 525-5541

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01	LMNR	The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (NASDAQ Global Select Market)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large accelerated filer ☐

Accelerated filer ☒

Non-accelerated filer ☐

Smaller reporting

company ☐

Emerging growth

company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of May 31, 2025, there were 18,069,029 shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock.

LIMONEIRA COMPANY

TABLE OF CONTENTS


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION			5
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)			5
Consolidated Balance Sheets – April 30, 2025 and October 31, 2024			5
Consolidated Statements of Operations – three and six months ended April 30, 2025 and 2024			6
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income – three and six months ended April 30, 2025 and 2024			7
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity and Temporary Equity – three and six months ended April 30, 2025 and 2024			8
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – six months ended April 30, 2025 and 2024			9
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements			11
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			25
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk			42
Item 4. Controls and Procedures			42
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION			43
Item 1. Legal Proceedings			43
Item 1A. Risk Factors			43
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds			43
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities			43
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures			43
Item 5. Other Information			43
Item 6. Exhibits			44
SIGNATURES			46

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”) contains both historical and forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements generally relate to future events or our future financial or operating performance that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as “may,” “might,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “could,” “intend,” “target,” “project,” “contemplate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “likely,” “potential”, “remain” or “continue” or the negative of these words or other similar terms or expressions that concern our expectations, strategy, plans or intentions. Forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, some of which are beyond the Company’s control. The potential risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual financial condition, results of operations and future performance to differ materially from those expressed or implied in this Quarterly Report include:

•success in executing the Company’s business plans and strategies and managing the risks involved in the foregoing;

•changes in laws, regulations, rules, quotas, tariffs and import laws;

•adverse weather conditions, natural disasters and other adverse natural conditions, including freezes, rains, fires, winds and droughts that affect the production, transportation, storage, import and export of fresh produce;

•market responses to industry volume pressures;

•increased pressure from crop disease, insects and other pests;

•disruption of water supplies or changes in water allocations;

•disruption in the global supply chain;

•product and raw materials supply and pricing;

•energy supply and pricing;

•market response to industry volume pressures;

•changes in currency exchange and interest rates and the impact of inflation;

•availability of financing for land development activities;

•general economic conditions for residential and commercial real estate development;

•political changes and economic crises;

•international conflict;

•acts of terrorism;

•labor disruptions, strikes, shortages or work stoppages;

•government restrictions on land use;

•the impact of foreign exchange rate movements;

•inability to pay debt obligations;

•ability to maintain compliance with debt covenants under our loan agreements;

•loss of important intellectual property rights;

•market and pricing risks due to concentrated ownership of stock; and

•other factors disclosed in our public filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that we have identified as having the potential to cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated herein. We have described in Part I, Item 1A Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024 additional factors that could cause our actual results to differ from our projections or estimates.

The Company’s actual results, performance, prospects or opportunities could differ materially from those expressed in or implied by the forward-looking statements. Additional risks of which the Company is not currently aware or which the Company currently deems immaterial could also cause the Company’s actual results to differ, including those discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024. Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which apply only as of the date of this Quarterly Report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update these forward-looking statements, even if our situation changes in the future.

All references to “we,” “us,” “our,” “our Company,” “the Company” or “Limoneira” in this Quarterly Report mean Limoneira Company, a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

LIMONEIRA COMPANY

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except share and per share data)




	April 30, 2025		October 31, 2024
Assets
Current assets:
Cash	$	2,083	$	2,996
Accounts receivable, net	15,751		14,734
Cultural costs	3,036		1,877
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	4,931		3,849
Receivables/other from related parties	4,033		2,390

Total current assets	29,834		25,846
Property, plant and equipment, net	165,071		162,046
Real estate development	10,270		10,201
Equity in investments	74,073		81,546
Goodwill	1,505		1,504
Intangible assets, net	4,716		5,221
Other assets	11,158		12,451
Total assets	$	296,627	$	298,815
Liabilities, Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	9,121	$	7,260
Growers and suppliers payable	6,315		8,960
Accrued liabilities	7,947		12,483
Payables to related parties	5,072		5,542

Current portion of long-term debt	72		559
Total current liabilities	28,527		34,804
Long-term liabilities:
Long-term debt, less current portion	54,929		40,031
Deferred income taxes	17,964		20,084
Other long-term liabilities	1,746		1,395
Total liabilities	103,166		96,314
Commitments and contingencies	—		—
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock – $100.00 par value (50,000 shares authorized: 14,790 shares issued and outstanding at April 30, 2025 and October 31, 2024) (8.75% coupon rate)	1,479		1,479
Series B-2 Convertible Preferred Stock – $100.00 par value (10,000 shares authorized: 9,300 shares issued and outstanding at April 30, 2025 and October 31, 2024) (4% dividend rate on liquidation value of $1,000 per share)	9,331		9,331
Stockholders’ equity:
Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock – $0.01 par value (20,000 shares authorized: zero issued or outstanding at April 30, 2025 and October 31, 2024)	—		—
Common Stock – $0.01 par value (39,000,000 shares authorized: 18,320,006 and 18,284,148 shares issued and 18,069,029 and 18,033,171 shares outstanding at April 30, 2025 and October 31, 2024, respectively)	181		180
Additional paid-in capital	170,399		170,243
Retained earnings	11,434		20,826
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(6,379)		(6,614)
Treasury stock, at cost, 250,977 shares at April 30, 2025 and October 31, 2024	(3,493)		(3,493)
Noncontrolling interest	10,509		10,549
Total stockholders’ equity	182,651		191,691
Total liabilities, convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity	$	296,627	$	298,815

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

LIMONEIRA COMPANY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share data)



	Three Months Ended April 30,				Six Months Ended April 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Net revenues:
Agribusiness	$	33,582	$	43,257	$	66,434	$	81,596
Other operations	1,537		1,349		2,990		2,741

Total net revenues	35,119		44,606		69,424		84,337
Costs and expenses:
Agribusiness	31,704		40,436		65,203		79,550
Other operations	1,009		1,429		2,180		2,611

Gain on sales of water rights	—		—		(1,488)		—
Loss (gain) on disposal of assets, net	18		48		12		(117)

Selling, general and administrative	5,733		7,368		12,208		14,713
Total costs and expenses	38,464		49,281		78,115		96,757
Operating loss	(3,345)		(4,675)		(8,691)		(12,420)
Other income (expense):
Interest income	13		14		28		36
Interest expense, net of patronage dividends	(228)		(351)		(488)		(558)
Equity in earnings of investments, net	491		16,592		593		16,633
Other income, net	5		197		16		219
Total other income	281		16,452		149		16,330
(Loss) income before income tax (provision) benefit	(3,064)		11,777		(8,542)		3,910
Income tax (provision) benefit	(301)		(5,222)		2,106		(1,032)
Net (loss) income	(3,365)		6,555		(6,436)		2,878
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	4		12		1		104
Net (loss) income attributable to Limoneira Company	(3,361)		6,567		(6,435)		2,982
Preferred dividends	(126)		(126)		(251)		(251)
Net (loss) income applicable to common stock	$	(3,487)	$	6,441	$	(6,686)	$	2,731

Basic net (loss) income per common share	$	(0.20)	$	0.36	$	(0.38)	$	0.15

Diluted net (loss) income per common share	$	(0.20)	$	0.35	$	(0.38)	$	0.15

Weighted-average common shares outstanding-basic	17,825		17,707		17,808		17,677
Weighted-average common shares outstanding-diluted	17,825		18,362		17,808		17,677

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

LIMONEIRA COMPANY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands)



	Three Months Ended April 30,				Six Months Ended April 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Net (loss) income	$	(3,365)	$	6,555	$	(6,436)	$	2,878
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments	502		(237)		235		(704)



Total other comprehensive income (loss)	502		(237)		235		(704)
Comprehensive (loss) income	(2,863)		6,318		(6,201)		2,174
Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	4		12		1		104
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Limoneira Company	$	(2,859)	$	6,330	$	(6,200)	$	2,278

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

LIMONEIRA COMPANY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND TEMPORARY EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except share and per share data)


	Stockholders’ Equity															Temporary Equity
	Common Stock			Additional Paid-In		Retained		Accumulated Other Comprehensive		Treasury		Non- controlling		Total		Series B Preferred		Series B-2 Preferred
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Earnings		(Loss) Income		Stock		Interest		Equity		Stock		Stock
Balance at October 31, 2024	18,033,171	$	180	$	170,243	$	20,826	$	(6,614)	$	(3,493)	$	10,549	$	191,691	$	1,479	$	9,331
Dividends Common ($0.075 per share)	—	—		—		(1,353)		—		—		—		(1,353)		—		—
Dividends Series B ($2.19 per share)	—	—		—		(32)		—		—		—		(32)		—		—
Dividends Series B-2 ($10 per share)	—	—		—		(93)		—		—		—		(93)		—		—
Stock compensation	59,087	1		931		—		—		—		—		932		—		—
Exchange of common stock	(47,089)	(1)		(1,223)		—		—		—		—		(1,224)		—		—

Noncontrolling interest adjustment	—	—		—		—		—		—		(39)		(39)		—		—
Net (loss) income	—	—		—		(3,074)		—		—		3		(3,071)		—		—
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		(267)		—		—		(267)		—		—
Balance at January 31, 2025	18,045,169	$	180	$	169,951	$	16,274	$	(6,881)	$	(3,493)	$	10,513	$	186,544	$	1,479	$	9,331
Dividends Common ($0.075 per share)	—	—		—		(1,353)		—		—		—		(1,353)		—		—
Dividends Series B ($2.19 per share)	—	—		—		(33)		—		—		—		(33)		—		—
Dividends Series B-2 ($10 per share)	—	—		—		(93)		—		—		—		(93)		—		—
Stock compensation	30,540	1		550		—		—		—		—		551		—		—
Exchange of common stock	(6,680)	—		(102)		—		—		—		—		(102)		—		—

Net loss	—	—		—		(3,361)		—		—		(4)		(3,365)		—		—
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		502		—		—		502		—		—
Balance at April 30, 2025	18,069,029	$	181	$	170,399	$	11,434	$	(6,379)	$	(3,493)	$	10,509	$	182,651	$	1,479	$	9,331


	Stockholders’ Equity															Temporary Equity
	Common Stock			Additional Paid-In		Retained		Accumulated Other Comprehensive		Treasury		Non- controlling		Total		Series B Preferred		Series B-2 Preferred
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Earnings		Loss		Stock		Interest		Equity		Stock		Stock
Balance at October 31, 2023	17,941,032	$	179	$	168,441	$	19,017	$	(5,666)	$	(3,493)	$	11,209	$	189,687	$	1,479	$	9,331
Dividends Common ($0.075 per share)	—	—		—		(1,350)		—		—		—		(1,350)		—		—
Dividends Series B ($2.19 per share)	—	—		—		(32)		—		—		—		(32)		—		—
Dividends Series B-2 ($10 per share)	—	—		—		(93)		—		—		—		(93)		—		—
Stock compensation	99,983	1		863		—		—		—		—		864		—		—
Exchange of common stock	(36,097)	—		(684)		—		—		—		—		(684)		—		—

Noncontrolling interest adjustment	—	—		—		—		—		—		(60)		(60)		—		—
Net loss	—	—		—		(3,585)		—		—		(92)		(3,677)		—		—
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—	—		—		—		(467)		—		—		(467)		—		—
Balance at January 31, 2024	18,004,918	$	180	$	168,620	$	13,957	$	(6,133)	$	(3,493)	$	11,057	$	184,188	$	1,479	$	9,331
Dividends Common ($0.075 per share)	—	—		—		(1,348)		—		—		—		(1,348)		—		—
Dividends Series B ($2.19 per share)	—	—		—		(33)		—		—		—		(33)		—		—
Dividends Series B-2 ($10 per share)	—	—		—		(93)		—		—		—		(93)		—		—
Stock compensation	30,808	1		1,070		—		—		—		—		1,071		—		—
Exchange of common stock	(63,070)	(1)		(1,150)		—		—		—		—		(1,151)		—		—


Net income (loss)	—	—		—		6,567		—		—		(12)		6,555		—		—
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—	—		—		—		(237)		—		—		(237)		—		—
Balance at April 30, 2024	17,972,656	$	180	$	168,540	$	19,050	$	(6,370)	$	(3,493)	$	11,045	$	188,952	$	1,479	$	9,331

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

LIMONEIRA COMPANY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands)



	Six Months Ended April 30,
	2025		2024
Operating activities
Net (loss) income	$	(6,436)	$	2,878
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	4,125		4,158

Loss (gain) on disposal of assets, net	12		(117)

Gain on sales of water rights	(1,488)		—

Stock compensation expense	1,483		1,935
Non-cash lease expense	970		896
Equity in earnings of investments, net	(593)		(16,633)
Cash distributions from equity investments	10,092		—
Deferred income taxes	(2,106)		1,032


Other, net	(14)		12
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable and receivables/other from related parties	(933)		(7,157)
Cultural costs	(1,158)		(1,099)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(856)		(325)
Other assets	795		(106)
Accounts payable and growers and suppliers payable	(1,553)		467
Accrued liabilities and payables to related parties	(5,422)		1,923
Income taxes payable	(680)		(259)
Other long-term liabilities	(222)		(900)
Net cash used in operating activities	(3,984)		(13,295)

Investing activities
Capital expenditures	(6,477)		(3,714)

Net proceeds from sales of assets	172		935


Proceeds from sales of water rights	1,740		—


Cash distributions from Trapani Fresh	41		61


Collection on notes receivable	68		66
Equity investment contributions and capitalized interest	(2,007)		(221)
Investments in mutual water companies and water rights	(43)		(47)

Net cash used in investing activities	(6,506)		(2,920)

Financing activities
Borrowings of long-term debt	76,064		71,529
Repayments of long-term debt	(61,653)		(52,367)

Principal paid on finance leases and equipment financings	(574)		(362)
Dividends paid – common	(2,706)		(2,698)
Dividends paid – preferred	(251)		(251)
Exchange of common stock	(1,326)		(1,835)



Net cash provided by financing activities	9,554		14,016

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	23		(30)
Net decrease in cash	(913)		(2,229)
Cash at beginning of period	2,996		3,631
Cash at end of period	$	2,083	$	1,402

LIMONEIRA COMPANY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED) (CONTINUED)

(in thousands)



	Six Months Ended April 30,
	2025		2024
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information
Cash paid during the period for interest (net of amounts capitalized)	$	400	$	451
Cash paid during the period for income taxes, net	$	694	$	259
Non-cash investing and financing activities:





Capital expenditures accrued but not paid at period-end	$	697	$	390

Accrued contribution obligation of investment in water company	$	450	$	450

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

LIMONEIRA COMPANY

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

1. Organization and Basis of Presentation

Business

Limoneira Company (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, the “Company”) engages primarily in growing citrus and avocados, harvesting citrus, and packing, marketing and selling citrus. The Company is also engaged in residential rentals and other rental operations and real estate development activities. The Company markets and sells citrus directly to food service, wholesale and retail customers throughout the United States, Canada, Asia and certain other international markets.

Basis of Presentation and Preparation

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and the accounts of all the subsidiaries and investments in which the Company holds a controlling interest. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of the Company, the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are normal and recurring in nature, necessary for fair financial statement presentation. The preparation of these unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the annual consolidated financial statements have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Because the consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for a complete set of consolidated financial statements, they should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Comprehensive (Loss) Income

Comprehensive (loss) income represents all changes in a company’s net assets, except changes resulting from transactions with stockholders. Other comprehensive income or loss relates entirely to foreign currency translation items. Accumulated other comprehensive loss is reported as a component of the Company’s stockholders’ equity.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

FASB Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures

ASU 2023-07 is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses, the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), and how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss. This amendment also requires that a public entity provide all annual disclosures about a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets currently required by FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic 280, Segment Reporting, in interim periods.

The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. A public entity should apply the amendments retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures

ASU 2023-09 requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. The ASU is effective for public business entities with annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

LIMONEIRA COMPANY

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (CONTINUED)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Recent Accounting Pronouncements (continued)

SEC Release No. 33-11275: The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors

In March 2024, the SEC adopted final rules under SEC Release No. 33-11275: The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors, which requires registrants to provide certain climate-related information in their registration statements and annual reports. The rules require information about a registrant’s climate-related risks that are reasonably likely to have a material impact on its business, results of operations, or financial condition.

These requirements are effective for the Company in various fiscal years, starting with its fiscal year beginning November 1, 2026. On April 4, 2024, the SEC determined to voluntarily stay the final rules pending certain legal challenges. On February 11, 2025, the SEC indicated it would ask the court to hold on scheduling further arguments while the SEC reassessed its position in the litigation. Subsequently, on March 27, 2025, the SEC voted to cease defending the rule in court. Despite withdrawing its defense, the SEC has not formally rescinded the rule. The Company is continuing to evaluate the potential impact of these final rules on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

ASU 2024-03, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses and ASU 2025-01, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date

ASU 2024-03 requires public companies to disclose, in the notes to financial statements, specified information about certain costs and expenses at each interim and annual reporting period. Specific disclosures include the amounts of (a) purchases of inventory; (b) employee compensation; (c) depreciation; (d) intangible asset amortization; and (e) depreciation, depletion, and amortization recognized as part of oil- and gas-producing activities (or other amounts of depletion expense) included in each relevant expense caption, as well as a qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively. Additionally, companies will need to disclose the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, an entity’s definition of selling expenses.

The effective date of ASU 2024-03 was clarified by ASU 2025-01. ASU 2024-03 is effective for public business entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. A public business entity should apply ASU 2024-03 prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting periods beginning after the effective date but may elect to apply the ASU retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

Concentrations

Concentrations of credit risk with respect to revenues and accounts receivable are limited due to a large, diverse customer base. One individual customer represented 17% of revenue for the six months ended April 30, 2025. Two individual customers represented 15% and 11% of accounts receivable, net as of April 30, 2025.

One individual vendor represented 11% of accounts payable as of April 30, 2025.

Lemons procured from third-party growers were 88% and 79% of the Company’s domestic lemon supply for the six months ended April 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Two third-party growers represented 52% and 22% of growers and suppliers payable as of April 30, 2025.

The Company maintains its cash in federally insured financial institutions. The account balances at these institutions periodically exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance coverage and, as a result, there is a concentration of risk related to amounts on deposit in excess of FDIC insurance coverage.

3. Asset Sales and Disposals

Yuma Property

In December 2023, the Company sold 12 acres of real property located in Yuma, Arizona for a sales price of $775,000. After transaction and closing costs, the Company recorded a gain on disposal of assets of $187,000 during the quarter ended January 31, 2024.

LIMONEIRA COMPANY

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (CONTINUED)

4. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following (in thousands):



	April 30, 2025		October 31, 2024
Prepaid supplies and insurance	$	3,010	$	1,986

Sales tax receivable	71		312
Income taxes receivable	224		—
Lemon supplier advances	111		295
Other	1,515		1,256
	$	4,931	$	3,849

5. Real Estate Development

Real estate development assets are comprised primarily of land and land development costs for the East Area II property in the amount of $10,270,000 and $10,201,000 as of April 30, 2025 and October 31, 2024, respectively.

East Area I, Retained Property and East Area II

In fiscal year 2005, the Company began capitalizing the costs of two real estate development projects east of Santa Paula, California, for the development of 550 acres of land into residential units, commercial buildings and civic facilities. In November 2015 (the “Transaction Date”), the Company entered into a joint venture with The Lewis Group of Companies (“Lewis”) for the residential development of its East Area I real estate development project. To consummate the transaction, the Company formed Limoneira Lewis Community Builders, LLC (“LLCB”) as the development entity, contributed its East Area I property to LLCB and sold a 50% interest to Lewis.

The Company and LLCB also entered into a Retained Property Development Agreement on the Transaction Date (the “Retained Property Agreement”). Under the terms of the Retained Property Agreement, LLCB transferred certain contributed East Area I property, which is entitled for commercial development, back to the Company (the “Retained Property”) and arranged for the design and construction of certain improvements to the Retained Property, subject to certain reimbursements by the Company. The balance in East Area II includes estimated costs incurred by and reimbursable to LLCB of $3,444,000 as of April 30, 2025 and October 31, 2024, which is included in payables to related parties.

In January 2018, LLCB entered into a $45,000,000 unsecured Line of Credit Loan Agreement and Promissory Note (the “Loan”) with Bank of America, N.A. to fund early development activities. Effective as of February 22, 2023, the Loan maturity date was extended to February 22, 2024, and the maximum borrowing amount was reduced to $35,000,000. The interest rate on the Loan was Bloomberg Short-Term Bank Yield Index rate (“BSBY”) plus 2.85% and was payable monthly. Effective as of February 22, 2024, the Loan maturity date was extended to August 22, 2024 and the interest rate transitioned from the BSBY to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus 2.85%. As of May 3, 2024, the Loan had no outstanding balance and was cancelled. As of April 30, 2025, LLCB had cash and cash equivalents of $37,307,000.

In February 2018, the Company and certain principals from Lewis guaranteed the obligations under the Loan. The guarantors were jointly and severally liable for all Loan obligations in the event of default by LLCB. Additionally, a Reimbursement Agreement was executed between the Lewis guarantors and the Company, which provided for unpaid liabilities of LLCB to be shared pro-rata by the Lewis guarantors and the Company in proportion to their percentage interest in LLCB. The guarantee continued in effect until all of the Loan obligations were fully paid and the Loan terminated. The $1,080,000 estimated value of the guarantee was recorded in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and, upon cancellation of the Loan in May 2024, was removed from other long-term liabilities and the corresponding value in equity in investments.

In October 2022, the Company entered into a joint venture with Lewis for the development of the Retained Property. The Company formed LLCB II, LLC (“LLCB II”) as the development entity, contributed the Retained Property to the joint venture and sold a 50% interest to Lewis. The joint venture partners will share in the capital contributions to fund project costs until loan proceeds and/or revenues are sufficient to fund the project. The Company made contributions of $1,775,000 and $200,000 to LLCB II during the six months ended April 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Through April 30, 2025, LLCB closed on lot sales representing 1,261 residential units since inception. The Company received cash distributions of $10,004,000 in April 2025 and $15,005,000 in June 2024 from LLCB.

LIMONEIRA COMPANY

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (CONTINUED)

6. Equity in Investments

Equity in investments consist of the following (in thousands):


	April 30, 2025		October 31, 2024
Limoneira Lewis Community Builders, LLC	$	58,455	$	67,962
LLCB II, LLC	11,422		9,566
Limco Del Mar, Ltd. (“Del Mar”)	2,424		2,198
Rosales	1,271		1,319
Romney Property Partnership	501		501
	$	74,073	$	81,546

Unconsolidated Significant Subsidiary

In accordance with Rule 10-01(b)(1) of Regulation S-X, which applies to interim reports on Form 10-Q, the Company must determine if its equity method investees are considered “significant subsidiaries.” In evaluating its investments, there are two tests utilized to determine if equity method investees are considered significant subsidiaries: the income test and the investment test. Summarized income statement information of an equity method investee is required in an interim report if either of the two tests exceed 20% in the interim periods presented. During the year-to-date interim period for the six months ended April 30, 2025, this threshold was not met for any equity investments. The threshold was met for LLCB during the year-to-date interim period for the six months ended April 30, 2024, and thus summarized income statement information for LLCB is presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The full audited financial statements of LLCB for the years ended October 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were provided as exhibits to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024.

The following is unaudited summarized financial information for LLCB (in thousands):


	Six Months Ended April 30,
	2025		2024
Revenues	$	641	$	94,540
Cost of land sold	(583)		(54,089)
Operating income (expenses)	931		(135)
Net income	$	989	$	40,316
Net income attributable to Limoneira Company	$	518	$	19,455

7. Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net

A summary of the change in the carrying amount of goodwill is as follows (in thousands):


	Goodwill Carrying Amount


Balance at October 31, 2024	$	1,504
Foreign currency translation adjustment	1
Balance at April 30, 2025	$	1,505

Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis or when an event or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying value may not be recoverable. There have been no impairment charges recorded against goodwill as of April 30, 2025.

LIMONEIRA COMPANY

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (CONTINUED)

7. Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net (continued)

Intangible assets consist of the following (in thousands):



	April 30, 2025							October 31, 2024
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Weighted Average Useful Life in Years	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Weighted Average Useful Life in Years
Trade names and trademarks	$	2,108	(1,411)		697		8	$	2,108	$	(1,308)	$	800	8
Customer relationships	2,707		(2,001)		706		8	2,707		(1,842)		865		8
Non-competition agreement	437		(214)		223		8	437		(187)		250		8
Acquired water and mineral rights	3,090		—		3,090		Indefinite	3,306		—		3,306		Indefinite
	$	8,342	$	(3,626)	$	4,716		$	8,558	$	(3,337)	$	5,221

Amortization expense totaled $145,000 and $177,000 for the three months ended April 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Amortization expense totaled $289,000 and $356,000 for the six months ended April 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

In January 2025, the Company sold acquired water rights in the Santa Paula Basin for $30,000 per acre-foot in two transactions. The total selling price was $1,440,000 and the Company recorded a gain on sales of water rights of $1,200,000.

Estimated future amortization expense of intangible assets as of April 30, 2025 is as follows (in thousands):


2025 (remaining six months)	$	289
2026	578
2027	294
2028	294
2029	171
Thereafter	—
	$	1,626

8. Other Assets

Investments in Mutual Water Companies and Water Rights

The Company’s investments in various not-for-profit mutual water companies provide it with the right to receive a proportionate share of water from each of the not-for-profit mutual water companies that the Company has invested in and do not constitute voting shares and/or rights. In January 2025, the Company sold water pumping rights in the Santa Paula Basin for $300,000 and the Company recorded a gain on sale of water rights of $288,000. Investments in mutual water companies included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets as of April 30, 2025 and October 31, 2024 were $6,710,000 and $6,229,000, respectively.

LIMONEIRA COMPANY

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (CONTINUED)

9. Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):



	April 30, 2025		October 31, 2024
Compensation	$	2,143	$	4,147
Property taxes	308		820

Operating expenses	2,529		3,020
Leases	1,656		2,295
Income taxes payable	—		456
Other	1,311		1,745

	$	7,947	$	12,483

10. Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt is comprised of the following (in thousands):



	April 30, 2025		October 31, 2024
AgWest Farm Credit revolving and non-revolving lines of credit: the interest rate of the revolving line of credit is variable based on the one-month SOFR, which was 4.35% at April 30, 2025, plus 1.78%. The interest rate for the $40.0 million outstanding balance of the non-revolving line of credit is fixed at 3.57% through July 1, 2025 and variable thereafter. Interest is payable monthly and the principal is due in full on July 1, 2026.	$	54,914	$	40,000





Banco de Chile term loan: The interest rate was fixed at 6.48%.The loan was repaid in January 2025.	—		433

Banco de Chile COVID-19 loans: The interest rates are fixed at 3.48% and 4.26%. The loans are payable in monthly installments through September 2026.	87		157


Total long-term debt	55,001		40,590
Less current portion	72		559
Long-term debt, less current portion	$	54,929	$	40,031

The Company entered into a Master Loan Agreement (the “MLA”) with AgWest Farm Credit, formerly known as Farm Credit West, (the “Lender”) dated June 1, 2021, together with a revolving credit facility supplement (the “Revolving Credit Supplement”), a non-revolving credit facility supplement (the “Non-Revolving Credit Supplement,” and together with the Revolving Credit Supplement, the “Supplements”) and an agreement to convert to a fixed interest rate for a period of time as described in the table above (“Fixed Interest Rate Agreement”). The MLA governs the terms of the Supplements.

The Supplements provide aggregate borrowing capacity of $115,000,000 comprised of $75,000,000 under the Revolving Credit Supplement, and $40,000,000 under the Non-Revolving Credit Supplement. As of April 30, 2025, the Company’s outstanding borrowings under the Supplements were $54,914,000 and it had $60,086,000 available to borrow.

The interest rate in effect under the Revolving Credit Supplement automatically adjusts on the first day of each month. The interest rate for any amount outstanding under the Revolving Credit Supplement is based on the SOFR plus or minus an applicable margin. The applicable margin ranges from 1.68% to 2.28% depending on the ratio of current assets, plus the remaining available commitment divided by current liabilities. On each anniversary of July 1, the Company has the option to convert the interest rate in use under the Revolving Credit Supplement from the preceding SOFR-based calculation to a variable interest rate. The Company may prepay any amounts outstanding under the Revolving Credit Supplement without penalty.

The interest rate in effect under the Non-Revolving Credit Supplement is a fixed interest rate of 3.57% per year until July 1, 2025 (the “Fixed Rate Term”). Thereafter, the interest rate will convert to a variable interest rate established by the Lender corresponding to the applicable interest rate group. The Company may not prepay any amounts under the outstanding Non-Revolving Credit Supplement during the Fixed Rate Term. Thereafter, the Company may prepay any amounts outstanding under the Non-Revolving Credit Supplement, provided that a fee equal to 0.50% of the amount prepaid and any other cost or loss suffered by the Lender must be paid with any prepayment.

LIMONEIRA COMPANY

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (CONTINUED)

10. Long-Term Debt (continued)

All indebtedness under the MLA, including any indebtedness under the Supplements, is secured by a first lien on Company-owned stock or participation certificates, Company funds maintained with the Lender, the Lender’s unallocated surplus, certain of the Company’s agricultural properties, certain of the Company’s building fixtures and improvements and investments in mutual water companies associated with the pledged agricultural properties. The MLA includes customary default provisions. Should an event of default occur, the Lender, at its option, may declare all or any portion of the indebtedness under the MLA to be immediately due and payable without demand, notice of nonpayment, protest or prior recourse to collateral, and terminate or suspend the Company’s right to draw or request funds on any loan or line of credit.

The MLA subjects the Company to affirmative and restrictive covenants including, among other customary covenants, financial reporting requirements, requirements to maintain and repair any collateral, restrictions on the sale of assets, restrictions on the use of proceeds, prohibitions on the incurrence of additional debt and restrictions on the purchase or sale of major assets of the Company’s business. The Company is also subject to a financial covenant that requires it to maintain compliance with a specific debt service coverage ratio of 1.25:1.0 on an annual basis. The Company was in compliance with the covenants as of October 31, 2024.

Interest is capitalized on non-bearing orchards, real estate development projects and significant construction in progress. The Company capitalized interest of $243,000 and $98,000 during the three months ended April 30, 2025 and 2024, and $575,000 and $154,000 for the six months ended April 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Capitalized interest is included in property, plant and equipment, real estate development assets and equity in investments in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

The Company received annual cash patronage dividends from the Lender of $564,000 and $558,000 in the second quarter of fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively.

11. Leases

Lessor Arrangements

The Company enters into leasing transactions in which it rents certain of its assets and the Company is the lessor. These lease contracts are typically classified as operating leases with remaining terms ranging from one month to 18 years with various renewal terms available. All of the residential rentals have month-to-month lease terms.

The Company’s rental operations revenue consists of the following (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended April 30,				Six Months Ended April 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Operating lease revenue	$	1,512	$	1,274	$	2,840	$	2,566
Variable lease revenue	25		75		150		175
Total lease revenue	$	1,537	$	1,349	$	2,990	$	2,741

Lessee Arrangements

The Company enters into leasing transactions in which the Company is the lessee. These lease contracts are classified as either operating or finance leases. The Company’s lease contracts are generally for agricultural land, packinghouse facilities, equipment and vehicles with remaining lease terms ranging from one to four years, with various term extensions available. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet and the Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease costs are primarily included in agribusiness costs and expenses in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

LIMONEIRA COMPANY

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (CONTINUED)

11. Leases (continued)

Lease costs consist of the following (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended April 30,				Six Months Ended April 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Operating lease costs	$	522	$	519	$	1,042	$	1,018
Finance lease costs:
Amortization of lease assets	126		63		187		110
Interest on lease liabilities	22		12		33		21
Variable lease costs	13		(13)		20		(32)
Short-term lease costs	57		31		81		100
Total lease costs	$	740	$	612	$	1,363	$	1,217

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases consists of the following (in thousands):



	Classification	April 30, 2025		October 31, 2024
Assets
Operating lease ROU assets	Other assets	$	1,644	$	2,416
Finance lease assets	Other assets	1,705		772
		$	3,349	$	3,188

Liabilities
Current operating lease liabilities	Accrued liabilities	$	1,262	$	2,075
Current finance lease liabilities	Accrued liabilities	394		220
Non-current operating lease liabilities	Other long-term liabilities	403		400
Non-current finance lease liabilities	Other long-term liabilities	1,011		418
		$	3,070	$	3,113

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases consists of the following (in thousands):


	Six Months Ended April 30,
	2025		2024
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash outflows from operating leases	$	1,078	$	1,023
Operating cash outflows from finance leases	$	33	$	21
Financing cash outflows from finance leases	$	354	$	243
ROU assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	186	$	689
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	$	1,121	$	494

LIMONEIRA COMPANY

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (CONTINUED)

12. Earnings Per Share

Basic net income or loss per common share is calculated using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period without consideration of the dilutive effect of conversion of preferred stock. Diluted net income or loss per common share is calculated using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period plus the dilutive effect of unvested, restricted stock and conversion of preferred stock. The computations for basic and diluted net income or loss per common share are as follows (in thousands, except per share data):


	Three Months Ended April 30,				Six Months Ended April 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Basic net (loss) income per common share:
Net (loss) income applicable to common stock	$	(3,487)	$	6,441	$	(6,686)	$	2,731
Effect of unvested, restricted stock	(17)		(101)		(37)		(47)
Numerator: Net (loss) income for basic EPS	(3,504)		6,340		(6,723)		2,684
Denominator: Weighted average common shares–basic	17,825		17,707		17,808		17,677
Basic net (loss) income per common share	$	(0.20)	$	0.36	$	(0.38)	$	0.15

Diluted net (loss) income per common share:
Net (loss) income for basic EPS	$	(3,504)	$	6,340	$	(6,723)	$	2,684
Effect of dilutive preferred stock	—		126		—		—
Numerator: Net (loss) income for diluted EPS	(3,504)		6,466		(6,723)		2,684
Weighted average common shares–basic	17,825		17,707		17,808		17,677
Effect of dilutive preferred stock	—		655		—		—
Denominator: Weighted average common shares–diluted	17,825		18,362		17,808		17,677
Diluted net (loss) income per common share	$	(0.20)	$	0.35	$	(0.38)	$	0.15

Diluted net income or loss per common share is computed using the more dilutive method of either the two-class method or the treasury stock method. Unvested stock-based compensation awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends as participating shares are included in computing earnings per share. The Company’s unvested, restricted stock awards qualify as participating shares. Diluted net (loss) income per common share was calculated under the two-class method for the three and six months ended April 30, 2025 and 2024.

13. Related-Party Transactions

The Company has transactions with equity method investments and various related parties summarized in Note 6 - Equity in Investments and in the tables below (in thousands):


		April 30, 2025						October 31, 2024
		Balance Sheet						Balance Sheet
Ref	Related-Party	Receivables/Other from Related Parties		Other Assets		Payables to Related Parties			Receivables/Other from Related Parties		Other Assets		Payables to Related Parties
2	Mutual water companies	$	—	$	493	$	705		$	—	$	526	$	105
5	YMIDD	$	208	$	—	$	—		$	206	$	—	$	—
6	FGF	$	3,825	$	514	$	837		$	2,184	$	2,383	$	837
7	LLCB	$	—	$	—	$	3,444		$	—	$	—	$	3,444
9	Rosales	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—	$	629
10	Del Mar	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—	$	527
11	Law firm	$	—	$	—	$	86		$	—	$	—	$	—

LIMONEIRA COMPANY

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (CONTINUED)

13. Related-Party Transactions (continued)


		Three Months Ended April 30, 2025						Three Months Ended April 30, 2024
		Consolidated Statement of Operations								Consolidated Statement of Operations
Ref	Related-Party	Net Revenue Agribusiness		Net Revenue Other Operations		Agribusiness Expense and Other		Dividends Paid			Net Revenue Agribusiness		Net Revenue Other Operations		Agribusiness Expense and Other		Dividends Paid
1	Employees	$	—	$	228	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	234	$	—	$	—
2	Mutual water companies	$	—	$	—	$	190	$	—		$	—	$	—	$	25	$	—
3	Cooperative association	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—	$	70	$	—

5	YMIDD	$	379	$	—	$	77	$	—		$	311	$	—	$	62	$	—
6	FGF	$	82	$	50	$	—	$	—		$	82	$	50	$	—	$	—

8	Principal Owner	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	246		$	—	$	—	$	—	$	226
9	Rosales	$	1,725	$	—	$	845	$	—		$	1,861	$	—	$	—	$	—
10	Del Mar	$	69	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
11	Law firm	$	—	$	—	$	133	$	—		$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—



		Six Months Ended April 30, 2025						Six Months Ended April 30, 2024
		Consolidated Statement of Operations								Consolidated Statement of Operations
Ref	Related-Party	Net Revenue Agribusiness		Net Revenue Other Operations		Agribusiness Expense and Other		Dividends Paid		Net Revenue Agribusiness		Net Revenue Other Operations		Agribusiness Expense and Other		Dividends Paid
1	Employees	$	—	$	464	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	455	$	—	$	—
2	Mutual water companies	$	—	$	—	$	844	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	574	$	—
3	Cooperative association	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	559	$	—


5	YMIDD	$	685	$	—	$	82	$	—	$	629	$	—	$	62	$	—
6	FGF	$	165	$	100	$	—	$	—	$	165	$	100	$	—	$	—
8	Principal Owner	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	491	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	450
9	Rosales	$	3,080	$	—	$	889	$	—	$	3,184	$	—	$	49	$	—
10	Del Mar	$	112	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
11	Law firm	$	—	$	—	$	133	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

(1) Employees - The Company rents certain of its residential housing assets to employees on a month-to-month basis and recorded rental income from employees.

(2) Mutual water companies - The Company has representation on the boards of directors of the mutual water companies in which the Company has investments, as well as other water districts. Refer to Note 8 - Other Assets. The Company recorded capital contributions, purchased water and water delivery services and has water payments due to the mutual water companies and districts.

(3) Cooperative association - The Company has representation on the board of directors of a non-profit cooperative association that provides pest control services for the agricultural industry. The Company purchased services and supplies from and had no amounts payable to them for such purchases.

(5) Yuma Mesa Irrigation and Drainage District (“YMIDD”) - The Company has representation on the board of directors of YMIDD. The Company purchased water from YMIDD and had no amounts payable to them for such purchases. Additionally, the Company received fallowing revenue from YMIDD and has a receivable outstanding.

(6) FGF Trapani (“FGF”) - FGF is a 49% partner in Trapani Fresh joint venture in Argentina and the Company has a receivable from FGF for lemon sales and the sale of packing supplies and a payable due to FGF for fruit purchases and services. The Company records revenue related to the licensing of intangible assets to FGF. The Company leases the Santa Clara ranch to FGF and records rental revenue related to the leased land.

(7) LLCB - The Company entered into a joint venture with Lewis for the residential development of our East Area I real estate development project and formed LLCB as the development entity. Refer to Note 5 - Real Estate Development.

(8) Principal owner - The Company has one principal owner with ownership shares over 10% and paid dividends to such owner.

LIMONEIRA COMPANY

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (CONTINUED)

13. Related-Party Transactions (continued)

(9) Rosales - The Company has an equity interest in Rosales as noted in Note 6 - Equity in Investments. The Company recognizes lemon and orange sales to Rosales and procures lemons and oranges from Rosales. The Company had no amounts due from Rosales for such sales and has amounts due to Rosales for such purchases.

(10) Del Mar - The Company has an interest in Del Mar as a general partner and as a limited partner as noted in Note 6 - Equity in Investments. The Company provides Del Mar with farm management services and Del Mar markets lemons through the Company. The Company had a payable due to Del Mar for such lemon procurement.

(11) Law firm - One of the Company’s directors is a partner at a law firm which provided legal services to the Company and the Company had amounts due for such services.

14. Income Taxes

For the three and six months ended April 30, 2025, the Company applied the discrete effective tax rate method, as allowed by ASC 740-270-30-18, “Income Taxes—Interim Reporting,” to calculate its interim income tax provision. The discrete method is applied when the application of the estimated annual effective tax rate yields an estimate that is not reliable and the actual effective rate for the year-to-date results represents the best estimate of the annual effective tax rate. The Company believes that the use of the estimated annual effective tax rate method is not reliable because small changes in the projected ordinary annual income would result in significant variability in the estimated annual effective tax rate. As a result of applying the discrete method approach, the Company recorded a second quarter tax expense on second quarter pre-tax losses as of April 30, 2025.

The effective tax rate for the six months ended April 30, 2025 was higher than the federal statutory tax rate of 21% mainly due to foreign jurisdictions that are taxed at different rates, state taxes, tax impact of stock-based compensation, executive compensation, nondeductible tax items and valuation allowances on certain deferred tax assets of foreign subsidiaries. The Company has no material uncertain tax positions as of April 30, 2025. The Company recognizes interest expense and penalties related to income tax matters as a component of income tax expense. There was no accrued interest or penalties associated with uncertain tax positions as of April 30, 2025.

15. Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is from time to time involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. At this time, the Company is not aware of any pending or threatened litigation against it that it expects will have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, liquidity or operating results. Legal claims are inherently uncertain, however, and it is possible that the Company’s business, financial condition, liquidity and/or operating results could be adversely affected in the future by legal proceedings.

16. Stock-based Compensation

The Company has a stock-based compensation plan (the “Stock Plan”) that allows for the grant of restricted common stock of the Company to members of management, key executives and non-employee directors. The fair value of such awards is based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, and all are classified as equity awards.

Management Performance Awards

Certain time-based restricted stock grants are made to management under the Stock Plan and generally vest over a three-year period as service is provided.

During November 2024, 20,555 shares of restricted stock with a per share price of $25.54 were granted to management. The related compensation expense of $525,000 will be recognized over three years as the shares vest.

During December 2024, 6,194 shares of restricted stock with a per share price of $26.30 were granted to management. The related compensation expense of $163,000 will be recognized over three years as the shares vest.

In November and December 2024, the Company entered into Performance Share-Based Award Agreements with members of management whereby the employees may be granted up to a maximum of 53,498 shares of common stock in the future based on the achievement of certain long-term performance goals over a three-year period.

Executive Awards

Certain time-based restricted stock grants are made to key executives under the Stock Plan and generally vest over a three-year period as service is provided.

LIMONEIRA COMPANY

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (CONTINUED)

16. Stock-based Compensation (continued)

During November 2024, 29,366 shares of restricted stock with a per share price of $25.54 were granted to key executives. The related compensation expense of $750,000 will be recognized over three years as the shares vest.

In fiscal year 2022, the Company entered into Retention Bonus Agreements with key executives (collectively, the “Retention Bonus Agreements”) whereby the executives will be eligible to receive cash and restricted stock grants upon the occurrence of certain events. During December 2024, the Company granted 2,972 shares of restricted stock with a per share price of $26.30 to key executives related to the Retention Bonus Agreements. The related compensation expense of $78,000 will be recognized over the next year as the shares vest.

In November 2024, the Company entered into Performance Share-Based Award Agreements with key executives whereby the executives may be granted up to a maximum of 58,732 shares of common stock in the future based on the achievement of certain long-term performance goals over a three-year period.

Director Awards

Certain time-based restricted stock grants are made on an annual basis to non-employee directors under the Stock Plan and generally vest after a one-year period as service is provided. During April 2025, 30,540 shares were granted as Director Awards with a per share price of $16.70.

Exchange of Common Stock

During the six months ended April 30, 2025 and 2024, members of management exchanged 53,769 and 99,167 shares of common stock with fair values totaling $1,326,000 and $1,835,000, respectively, at the dates of the exchanges, for the payment of payroll taxes associated with the vesting of restricted stock under the Stock Plan.

17. Segment Information

The Company operates in four reportable operating segments: fresh lemons, lemon packing, avocados and other agribusiness. The reportable operating segments of the Company are strategic business units with different products and services, distribution processes and customer bases. The fresh lemons segment includes sales, farming and harvest costs and third-party grower and supplier costs relative to fresh lemons. The lemon packing segment includes packing revenues and lemon packing costs. The lemon packing segment revenues include intersegment revenues between fresh lemons and lemon packing. The intersegment revenues are included gross in the segment note and a separate line item is shown as an elimination. The avocados segment includes sales, farming and harvest costs. The other agribusiness segment primarily includes sales, farm management, farming and harvest costs, brokered fruit costs of oranges and specialty citrus, wine grapes, fallowing revenue, shipping revenue and shipping costs.

The Company does not separately allocate depreciation and amortization to its fresh lemons, lemon packing, avocados and other agribusiness segments. No asset information is provided for reportable operating segments, as these specified amounts are not included in the measure of segment profit or loss reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker. The Company measures operating performance, including revenues and operating income, of its operating segments and allocates resources based on its evaluation. The Company does not allocate selling, general and administrative expense, loss (gain) on disposal of assets, net, gain on sales of water rights, total other income and income taxes, or specifically identify them to its operating segments. The lemon packing segment earns packing revenue for packing lemons grown on the Company’s orchards and lemons procured from third-party growers. Intersegment revenues represent packing revenues related to lemons grown on the Company’s orchards.

Segment information for the three months ended April 30, 2025 is as follows (in thousands):


	Fresh Lemons		Lemon Packing		Eliminations		Avocados		Other Agribusiness		Total Agribusiness		Corporate and Other		Total
Revenues from external customers	$	22,652	$	4,652	$	—	$	2,780	$	3,498	$	33,582	$	1,537	$	35,119
Intersegment revenues	—		9,196		(9,196)		—		—		—		—		—
Total net revenues	22,652		13,848		(9,196)		2,780		3,498		33,582		1,537		35,119
Costs and expenses	22,279		12,126		(9,196)		1,623		3,006		29,838		6,517		36,355
Depreciation and amortization	—		—		—		—		—		1,866		243		2,109
Operating (loss) income	$	373	$	1,722	$	—	$	1,157	$	492	$	1,878	$	(5,223)	$	(3,345)

LIMONEIRA COMPANY

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (CONTINUED)

17. Segment Information (continued)

Segment information for the three months ended April 30, 2024 is as follows (in thousands):


	Fresh Lemons		Lemon Packing		Eliminations		Avocados		Other Agribusiness		Total Agribusiness		Corporate and Other		Total
Revenues from external customers	$	30,841	$	4,964	$	—	$	2,348	$	5,104	$	43,257	$	1,349	$	44,606
Intersegment revenues	—		10,914		(10,914)		—		—		—		—		—
Total net revenues	30,841		15,878		(10,914)		2,348		5,104		43,257		1,349		44,606
Costs and expenses	28,869		13,588		(10,914)		1,425		5,680		38,648		8,533		47,181
Depreciation and amortization	—		—		—		—		—		1,788		312		2,100
Operating (loss) income	$	1,972	$	2,290	$	—	$	923	$	(576)	$	2,821	$	(7,496)	$	(4,675)

Segment information for the six months ended April 30, 2025 is as follows (in thousands):


	Fresh Lemons		Lemon Packing		Eliminations		Avocados		Other Agribusiness		Total Agribusiness		Corporate and Other		Total
Revenues from external customers	$	46,368	$	9,197	$	—	$	2,942	$	7,927	$	66,434	$	2,990	$	69,424
Intersegment revenues	—		16,466		(16,466)		—		—		—		—		—
Total net revenues	46,368		25,663		(16,466)		2,942		7,927		66,434		2,990		69,424
Costs and expenses	46,708		22,717		(16,466)		1,660		6,944		61,563		12,427		73,990
Depreciation and amortization	—		—		—		—		—		3,640		485		4,125
Operating (loss) income	$	(340)	$	2,946	$	—	$	1,282	$	983	$	1,231	$	(9,922)	$	(8,691)

Segment information for the six months ended April 30, 2024 is as follows (in thousands):


	Fresh Lemons		Lemon Packing		Eliminations		Avocados		Other Agribusiness		Total Agribusiness		Corporate and Other		Total
Revenues from external customers	$	58,225	$	10,556	$	—	$	2,348	$	10,467	$	81,596	$	2,741	$	84,337
Intersegment revenues	—		17,630		(17,630)		—		—		—		—		—
Total net revenues	58,225		28,186		(17,630)		2,348		10,467		81,596		2,741		84,337
Costs and expenses	57,710		24,306		(17,630)		1,425		10,207		76,018		16,581		92,599
Depreciation and amortization	—		—		—		—		—		3,532		626		4,158
Operating (loss) income	$	515	$	3,880	$	—	$	923	$	260	$	2,046	$	(14,466)	$	(12,420)

Revenues related to rental operations are included in “Corporate and Other.” The detail of other agribusiness revenues is as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended April 30,				Six Months Ended April 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Oranges	$	1,574	$	1,160	$	3,142	$	2,301
Specialty citrus and wine grapes	671		839		1,174		1,925
Farm management	339		2,046		1,520		4,094
Other	914		1,059		2,091		2,147
Other agribusiness revenues	$	3,498	$	5,104	$	7,927	$	10,467

18. Subsequent Events

On June 6, 2025, the Company entered into a Commercial Packinghouse License Agreement with Sunkist Growers, Inc., a nonprofit marketing cooperative (“Sunkist”), effective as of November 1, 2025. The agreement permits the Company to grade, label, pack, prepare for marketing by Sunkist and ship Sunkist grower fruit, and to use Sunkist trademarks in these activities. The agreement has an initial term of three years from November 1, 2025 to October 31, 2028, unless terminated earlier per the provisions of the agreement. On November 1, 2026, and on each anniversary of such date thereafter, the agreement will automatically extend for an additional year unless the Company or Sunkist gives written notice on or prior to October 31 of each fiscal year.

LIMONEIRA COMPANY

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (CONTINUED)

18. Subsequent Events (continued)

The Company evaluated events subsequent to April 30, 2025 through the date of this filing, to assess the need for potential recognition or disclosure in this Quarterly Report. Based upon this evaluation, except as described above and in the notes to consolidated financial statements, it was determined that no other subsequent events occurred that require recognition or disclosure in the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

Limoneira Company, a Delaware corporation, is the successor to several businesses with operations in California since 1893. We are primarily an agribusiness company founded and based in Santa Paula, California, committed to responsibly using and managing our approximately 10,500 acres of land, water resources and other assets to maximize long-term stockholder value. Our current operations consist of fruit production, sales and marketing, rental operations, real estate and capital investment activities.

We are one of California’s oldest citrus growers and according to the California Avocado Commission, we are one of the largest growers of avocados in the United States. In addition to growing lemons and avocados, we grow oranges and wine grapes. We have agricultural plantings throughout Ventura and San Luis Obispo Counties in California, Yuma County in Arizona, La Serena, Chile and Jujuy, Argentina, which collectively consist of approximately 3,100 acres of lemons, 1,400 acres of avocados, 100 acres of oranges and 400 acres of wine grapes. We also operate our own packinghouses in Santa Paula, California and Yuma, Arizona, where we process, pack and sell lemons that we grow, as well as lemons grown by others. We have a 47% interest in Rosales S.A. (“Rosales”), a citrus packing, marketing and sales business, a 90% interest in Fruticola Pan de Azucar S.A. (“PDA”), a lemon and orange orchard and a 100% interest in Agricola San Pablo, SpA (“San Pablo”), a lemon and orange orchard, all of which are located near La Serena, Chile. We have a 51% interest in a joint venture, Trapani Fresh Consorcio de Cooperacion (“Trapani Fresh”), a lemon orchard in Argentina.

Our water resources include water rights, usage rights and pumping rights to the water in aquifers under, and canals that run through, the land we own. Water for our farming operations is sourced from the existing water resources associated with our land, which includes rights to water in the adjudicated Santa Paula Basin (aquifer) and the un-adjudicated Fillmore and Paso Robles Basins (aquifers). We also use surface water in Arizona from the Colorado River through the Yuma Mesa Irrigation and Drainage District (“YMIDD”). We use ground water provided by wells and surface water for our PDA and San Pablo farming operations in Chile and our Trapani Fresh farming operations in Argentina.

For more than 100 years, we have been making strategic investments in California agriculture and real estate. We currently have an interest in three real estate development projects in California. These projects include multi-family housing, single-family homes and apartments of approximately 800 units in various stages of planning and development.

Business Division Summary

We have three business divisions: agribusiness, rental operations and real estate development. The agribusiness division is comprised of four reportable operating segments: fresh lemons, lemon packing, avocados and other agribusiness, which primarily includes oranges, specialty citrus, wine grapes and farm management services. The agribusiness division includes our core operations of farming, harvesting, lemon packing and lemon sales operations. The rental operations division includes our residential and commercial rentals, leased land operations and organic recycling. The real estate development division includes our investments in real estate development projects. Generally, we see our Company as a land and farming company that generates annual cash flows to support our progress into diversified real estate development activities. Financial information and discussion of our four reportable segments are contained in the notes to the accompanying consolidated financial statements of this Quarterly Report.

Agribusiness Summary

We market and sell citrus directly to our food service, wholesale and retail customers throughout the United States, Canada, Asia, and certain other international markets. We sell our avocados and oranges to third-party packinghouses. Additionally, we sell our wine grapes to various wine producers.

Historically, our agribusiness division has been seasonal in nature with quarterly revenue fluctuating depending on the timing and variety of crops being harvested. Cultural costs, also referred to as growing costs, in our agribusiness division tend to be higher in the first and second quarters and lower in the third and fourth quarters because of the timing of expensing cultural costs in the current year that were inventoried in the prior year. Our harvest costs generally increase in the second quarter and peak in the third quarter, coinciding with the increase in production and revenue.

Fluctuations in price are a function of global supply and demand with weather conditions, such as unusually low temperatures, typically having the most dramatic effect on the amount of lemons supplied in any individual growing season. We believe we have a competitive advantage by maintaining our own lemon packing operations, even though a significant portion of the costs related to these operations are fixed. As a result, cost per carton is a function of fruit throughput. While we regularly monitor our costs for redundancies and opportunities for cost reductions, we also supplement the number of lemons we pack in our packinghouse with additional lemons procured from other growers. Because the fresh utilization rate for our lemons, or percentage of lemons we harvest and pack that are sold to the fresh market, is directly related to the quality of lemons we pack and, consequently, the price we receive per 40-pound box, we only pack lemons from other growers if we determine their lemons are of good quality.

Our avocado plantings have been profitable and historically have been pursued to diversify our product line. Since fiscal year 2023, we expanded our avocado production by 500 acres, and we plan to expand an additional 500 acres through fiscal year 2027. This 1,000-acre expansion reflects our strategy to capitalize on robust consumer demand trends for avocados.

In addition to growing lemons and avocados, we grow oranges and wine grapes. We regularly monitor the demand for the fruit we grow in the current marketplace to identify trends.

Rental Operations Summary

Our rental operations include our residential and commercial rentals, leased land operations and organic recycling. Our residential rental units generate cash flows that we use to partially fund the operating costs of our business and provide affordable housing to many of our employees, including our agribusiness employees. We believe that this unique employment benefit helps us maintain a dependable, long-term employee base. In addition, our leased land business provides us with a typically profitable diversification. Revenue from rental operations is generally level throughout the year.

Real Estate Development Summary

We invest in real estate investment projects and recognize that long-term strategies are required for successful real estate development activities. For real estate development projects and joint ventures, it is not unusual for the timing and amounts of revenues and costs, partner contributions and distributions, project loans, other financing assumptions and project cash flows to be impacted by government approvals, project revenue and cost estimates and assumptions, economic conditions, financing sources and product demand as well as other factors. Such factors could affect our results of operations, cash flows and liquidity.

Water and Mineral Rights

Our water resources include water rights, usage rights and pumping rights to the water in aquifers under, and canals that run through, the land we own. We believe we have adequate supplies of water for our agribusiness segments as well as our rental and real estate development activities. Water for our farming operations located in Ventura County, California is sourced from the existing water resources associated with our land, which includes approximately 8,700 acre-feet of water rights in the adjudicated Santa Paula Basin (aquifer) and additional rights in the un-adjudicated Fillmore Basin (aquifer). Our Windfall Farms property located in San Luis Obispo County, California obtains water from wells that derive water from the Paso Robles Basin (aquifer). Our farming operations in Yuma, Arizona source water from the Colorado River through the YMIDD, where we have access to approximately 11,500 acre-feet of Class 3 Colorado River water rights. We use ground water provided by wells and surface water for our PDA and San Pablo farming operations in La Serena, Chile and our Trapani Fresh farming operations in Argentina.

Southern California is experiencing below average precipitation for the 2024 - 2025 rainfall season. As of April 30, 2025, Ventura County was experiencing extreme drought conditions. We continue to assess the impact drought conditions may have on our California orchards.

In August 2024, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation announced that Lake Mead will continue to operate in a Tier 1 shortage in 2025, which requires Arizona to forfeit approximately 18% of the state’s yearly allotment of water from Lake Mead. In response to this and prior years’ water shortages, we entered into fallowing agreements during fiscal years 2022 and 2023 and in February 2025, extended an existing fallowing agreement through calendar year 2026. We continue to assess the impact these ongoing water reductions may have on our Arizona orchards.

Recent Developments

In January 2025, we completed three separate sale transactions of Santa Paula Basin water pumping rights at a selling price of $30,000 per acre-foot, totaling $1.7 million and recorded a gain on sales of water rights of $1.5 million.

On March 1, 2025, we received a notice of termination from PGIM Real Estate Finance, LLC (“PGIM”) regarding The Farm Management Agreement (“FMA”) dated January 31, 2023. The FMA was terminated effective March 31, 2025. Under the FMA, we provided farming, management and operations related to the 3,537 acres in Tulare County, California (the “Northern Properties”), which we had previously sold to PGIM. The FMA initially expired on March 31, 2024, and automatically renewed on a yearly basis thereafter, subject to termination with written notice at least thirty days prior to April 1.

On March 17, 2025, we announced that our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program authorizing the Company to repurchase up to $30.0 million shares of our outstanding common stock. The share repurchase program may be modified, suspended or discontinued at any time and does not commit the Company to repurchase any shares.

On March 17, 2025, we announced that we formally concluded our process to explore potential strategic alternatives that we previously announced on December 1, 2023. While this formal exploration process has concluded, we remain committed to executing our comprehensive strategic roadmap to create long-term stockholder value. As part of our normal course of business, we will continue to be opportunistic in evaluating potential strategic merger and acquisition opportunities, while also advancing our initiatives to monetize non-core assets.

On April 4, 2025, we declared a cash dividend of $0.075 per common share paid on April 11, 2025, in the aggregate amount of $1.4 million to common stockholders of record as of March 31, 2025.

On April 8, 2025, we announced that we are entering into a letter of intent to form a 50%/50% joint venture with Agromin Corporation, the largest organics waste recycler in California, to significantly expand their successful organic waste recycling program. The joint venture plans to expand from the existing 15-acre green waste composting facility at Limoneira Ranch in Santa Paula into a 70-acre, commercial-scale composting facility capable of processing green waste and food waste. We expect to enter into the joint venture and begin construction in the second half of fiscal year 2025.

On April 9, 2025, we announced that we received $10.0 million as our share of a $20.0 million cash distribution from our real estate joint venture, Harvest at Limoneira, with the Lewis Group of Companies (“Lewis”).

Results of Operations

The following table shows the results of operations (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended April 30,				Six Months Ended April 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Net revenues:
Agribusiness	$	33,582	$	43,257	$	66,434	$	81,596
Other operations	1,537		1,349		2,990		2,741
Total net revenues	35,119		44,606		69,424		84,337
Costs and expenses:
Agribusiness	31,704		40,436		65,203		79,550
Other operations	1,009		1,429		2,180		2,611

Gain on sales of water rights	—		—		(1,488)		—
Loss (gain) on disposal of assets, net	18		48		12		(117)

Selling, general and administrative	5,733		7,368		12,208		14,713
Total costs and expenses	38,464		49,281		78,115		96,757
Operating (loss) income:
Agribusiness	1,878		2,821		1,231		2,046
Other operations	528		(80)		810		130

Gain on sales of water rights	—		—		1,488		—
(Loss) gain on disposal of assets, net	(18)		(48)		(12)		117

Selling, general and administrative	(5,733)		(7,368)		(12,208)		(14,713)
Operating loss	(3,345)		(4,675)		(8,691)		(12,420)
Other income (expense):
Interest income	13		14		28		36
Interest expense, net of patronage dividends	(228)		(351)		(488)		(558)
Equity in earnings of investments, net	491		16,592		593		16,633
Other income, net	5		197		16		219
Total other income	281		16,452		149		16,330
(Loss) income before income tax (provision) benefit	(3,064)		11,777		(8,542)		3,910
Income tax (provision) benefit	(301)		(5,222)		2,106		(1,032)
Net (loss) income	(3,365)		6,555		(6,436)		2,878
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	4		12		1		104
Net (loss) income attributable to Limoneira Company	$	(3,361)	$	6,567	$	(6,435)	$	2,982

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Due to significant depreciable assets associated with the nature of our operations and interest costs associated with our capital structure, management believes that earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) and adjusted EBITDA, which excludes stock-based compensation, loss (gain) on disposal of assets, net and severance benefits are important measures to evaluate our results of operations between periods on a more comparable basis. Such measurements are not prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and should not be construed as an alternative to reported results determined in accordance with GAAP. The non-GAAP information provided is unique to us and may not be consistent with methodologies used by other companies.

EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA are summarized and reconciled to net (loss) income attributable to Limoneira Company which management considers to be the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, as follows (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended April 30,				Six Months Ended April 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Net (loss) income attributable to Limoneira Company	$	(3,361)	$	6,567	$	(6,435)	$	2,982
Interest income	(13)		(14)		(28)		(36)
Interest expense, net of patronage dividends	228		351		488		558
Income tax provision (benefit)	301		5,222		(2,106)		1,032
Depreciation and amortization	2,109		2,100		4,125		4,158
EBITDA	$	(736)	$	14,226	$	(3,956)	$	8,694
Stock-based compensation	551		1,071		1,483		1,935


Loss (gain) on disposal of assets, net	18		48		12		(117)


Severance benefits	—		1,215		—		1,215
Adjusted EBITDA	$	(167)	$	16,560	$	(2,461)	$	11,727

Three Months Ended April 30, 2025 Compared to the Three Months Ended April 30, 2024

Revenues

Total net revenues were $35.1 million for the three months ended April 30, 2025, compared to $44.6 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024. The 21% decrease of $9.5 million was primarily due to decreased agribusiness revenues from lemons and farm management, partially offset by increased agribusiness revenues from avocados and oranges as detailed below ($ in thousands):



	Three Months Ended April 30,
	2025		2024		Change
Lemons	$	27,304	$	35,805	$	(8,501)	(24)%
Avocados	2,780		2,348		432		18%
Oranges	1,574		1,160		414		36%
Specialty citrus and wine grapes	671		839		(168)		(20)%
Farm management	339		2,046		(1,707)		(83)%
Other	914		1,059		(145)		(14)%
Agribusiness revenues	$	33,582	$	43,257	$	(9,675)	(22)%

•Lemons: The decrease for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2024, was primarily due to decreased volume and lower prices of fresh lemons sold. Fresh packed lemon sales were $19.7 million and $25.8 million, in aggregate, on 1,357,000 and 1,446,000 cartons of lemons sold at average per carton prices of $14.52 and $17.85, for the second quarter of fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively. Lemon revenues included brokered lemons and other lemon sales of $2.3 million and $3.8 million, lemon packing of $4.7 million and $5.0 million and lemon by-product sales of $0.6 million and $1.2 million, for the second quarter of fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively.

•Avocados: The increase for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2024, was primarily due to higher prices, partially offset by decreased volume of avocados sold. The California avocado crop typically experiences alternating years of high and low production due to plant physiology. We sold 1,232,000 and 1,595,000 pounds of avocados at average per pound prices of $2.26 and $1.47, for the second quarter of fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively.

•Oranges: The increase for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2024, was primarily due to increased volume, partially offset by lower prices of oranges sold. We sold 92,000 and 66,000 cartons of oranges at average per carton prices of $17.07 and $17.58, for the second quarter of fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively.

•Specialty citrus and wine grapes: The decrease for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2024, was primarily due to decreased volume, partially offset by higher prices of specialty citrus sold. We sold 22,000 and 29,000 40-pound carton equivalents of specialty citrus at average per carton prices of $30.77 and $29.24, for the second quarter of fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively. No wine grapes were sold during the second quarters of fiscal years 2025 and 2024 due to seasonality.

•Farm management: Farm management revenue, comprised primarily of Northern Properties farming, management and operations services, decreased for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2024, primarily due to the FMA termination effective March 31, 2025.

•Other: Other revenue, comprised primarily of fallowing and shipping, decreased for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2024, primarily due to lower shipping revenue, resulting from a decrease in volume of lemons sold.

Other operations revenue was $1.5 million for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to $1.3 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024.

Costs and Expenses

Total costs and expenses were $38.5 million for the three months ended April 30, 2025, compared to $49.3 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024. The 22% decrease of $10.8 million was primarily due to decreases in agribusiness costs and expenses and in selling, general and administrative expenses. Agribusiness costs and expenses are detailed below ($ in thousands):


	Three Months Ended April 30,
	2025		2024		Change
Packing costs	$	12,126	$	13,588	$	(1,462)	(11)%
Harvest costs	1,357		2,878		(1,521)		(53)%
Growing costs	3,366		5,462		(2,096)		(38)%
Third-party grower and supplier costs	12,438		15,939		(3,501)		(22)%
Other costs	551		781		(230)		(29)%
Depreciation and amortization	1,866		1,788		78		4%
Agribusiness costs and expenses	$	31,704	$	40,436	$	(8,732)	(22)%

•Packing costs: Packing costs consist primarily of the costs to pack lemons for sale such as labor and benefits, cardboard cartons, fruit treatments, packing and shipping supplies, subcontracted costs and facility operating costs. We packed and sold 1,357,000 and 1,446,000 cartons of lemons at average per carton costs of $8.94 and $9.39, for the second quarter of fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease in per carton packing costs was primarily due to decreased subcontracted costs.

•Harvest costs: The decrease for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2024, was primarily due to decreased volume of lemons harvested due to harvest timing.

•Growing costs: Growing costs, also referred to as cultural costs, consist of orchard maintenance costs such as cultivation, fertilization and soil amendments, pest control, pruning and irrigation. The decrease for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2024, was primarily due to the decrease in farm management growing costs related to the FMA termination and farm management decisions made in response to weather, harvest timing and crop conditions.

•Third-party grower and supplier costs: We sell fruit that we grow and fruit that we procure from other growers and suppliers. The cost of procuring fruit from other growers and suppliers is referred to as third-party grower and supplier costs. The decrease for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2024, was primarily due to lower prices, partially offset by increased volume of third-party grower fruit sold. We incurred costs for third-party grower fruit of $10.1 million and $12.4 million, for the second quarter of fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively. Of the 1,357,000 and 1,446,000 cartons of lemons packed and sold, 1,250,000 (92%) and 1,099,000 (76%) were procured from third-party growers at average per carton prices of $8.12 and $11.36, for the second quarter of fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively. Additionally, we incurred $2.3 million and $3.5 million of costs for brokered fruit, for the second quarter of fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively.

•Other costs: The decrease in the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2024, was due to decreased freight costs, primarily related to a decrease in volume of lemons sold.

•Depreciation and amortization: Depreciation and amortization expense for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025 was similar compared to the same period of fiscal year 2024.

Other operations expenses were $1.0 million for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to $1.4 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024. The 29% decrease of $0.4 million was primarily due to severance benefits in the second quarter of fiscal year 2024.

Loss on disposal of assets, net for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025 was similar compared to the same period of fiscal year 2024.

Selling, general and administrative costs and expenses were $5.7 million for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to $7.4 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024. The 22% decrease of $1.7 million was primarily due to:

•$2.4 million net decrease in consulting and legal fees primarily associated with our strategic initiatives;

•$0.3 million net decrease in salaries, benefits and incentive compensation; and

•$1.0 million net increase in other selling, general and administrative expenses.

Other Income (Expense)

Total other income was $0.3 million for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to $16.5 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024. The 98% decrease of $16.2 million was primarily due to:

•$16.1 million decrease of equity in earnings of investments, net, mainly due to Limoneira Lewis Community Builders, LLC (“LLCB”) closing 554 residential homesites in the second quarter of fiscal year 2024;

•$0.2 million decrease of other income, net; and

•$0.1 million decrease of interest expense, net of patronage dividends.

Income Taxes

We recorded an estimated income tax provision of $0.3 million and $5.2 million on pre-tax loss of $3.1 million and income of $11.8 million, for the second quarter of fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively. The tax provision recorded for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025 differs from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21.0% primarily due to foreign jurisdictions that are taxed at different rates, state taxes, tax impact of stock-based compensation, executive compensation, nondeductible tax items and valuation allowances on certain deferred tax assets of foreign subsidiaries. Our projected annual effective blended tax rate for fiscal year 2025, excluding discrete items, is approximately 24.0%.

Net Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest

Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest reflects 10% of PDA’s net income and 49% of Trapani Fresh’s net loss for the second quarter of fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Six Months Ended April 30, 2025 Compared to the Six Months Ended April 30, 2024

Revenues

Total net revenues were $69.4 million for the six months ended April 30, 2025, compared to $84.3 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024. The 18% decrease of $14.9 million was primarily due to decreased agribusiness revenues from lemons, specialty citrus and wine grapes, and farm management, partially offset by increased agribusiness revenues from avocados and oranges, as detailed below ($ in thousands):


	Six Months Ended April 30,

	2025		2024		Change
Lemons	$	55,565	$	68,781	$	(13,216)	(19)%
Avocados	2,942		2,348		594		25%
Oranges	3,142		2,301		841		37%
Specialty citrus and wine grapes	1,174		1,925		(751)		(39)%
Farm management	1,520		4,094		(2,574)		(63)%
Other	2,091		2,147		(56)		(3)%
Agribusiness revenues	$	66,434	$	81,596	$	(15,162)	(19)%

•Lemons: The decrease for the first six months of fiscal year 2025, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2024, was primarily due to decreased volume and lower prices of fresh lemons sold. Fresh packed lemon sales were $40.9 million and $49.8 million, in aggregate, on 2,504,000 and 2,583,000 cartons of lemons sold at average per carton prices of $16.31 and $19.27, for the first six months of fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively. Lemon revenues included brokered lemons and other lemon sales of $4.6 million and $6.8 million, lemon packing of $9.2 million and $10.6 million and lemon by-product sales of $0.9 million and $1.7 million, for the first six months of fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively.

•Avocados: The increase for the first six months of fiscal year 2025, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2024, was primarily due to higher prices, partially offset by decreased volume of avocados sold. The California avocado crop typically experiences alternating years of high and low production due to plant physiology. We sold 1,305,000 and 1,595,000 pounds of avocados at average per pound prices of $2.25 and $1.47, for the first six months of fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively.

•Oranges: The increase for the first six months of fiscal year 2025, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2024, was primarily due to increased volume and higher prices of oranges sold. We sold 167,000 and 146,000 cartons of oranges at average per carton prices of $18.79 and $15.76, for the first six months of fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively.

•Specialty citrus and wine grapes: The decrease for the first six months of fiscal year 2025, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2024, was primarily due to a decrease in wine grape revenues. Due to harvest timing, no wine grape revenue was recorded for the first six months of fiscal year 2025, compared to $0.6 million for the first six months of fiscal year 2024.

•Farm management: Farm management revenue, comprised primarily of Northern Properties farming, management and operations services, decreased for the first six months of fiscal year 2025, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2024, primarily due to the FMA termination effective March 31, 2025.

•Other: Other revenue, comprised primarily of fallowing and shipping, for the first six months of fiscal year 2025 was similar compared to the same period of fiscal year 2024.

Other operations revenue was $3.0 million for the first six months of fiscal year 2025, compared to $2.7 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024.

Costs and Expenses

Total costs and expenses were $78.1 million for the first six months of fiscal year 2025, compared to $96.8 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024. The 19% decrease of $18.7 million was primarily due to decreases in agribusiness costs and expenses, decreases in selling, general and administrative expenses and gains on sales of water rights. Agribusiness costs and expenses are detailed below ($ in thousands):


	Six Months Ended April 30,

	2025		2024		Change
Packing costs	$	22,717	$	24,306	$	(1,589)	(7)%
Harvest costs	3,178		4,811		(1,633)		(34)%
Growing costs	7,628		11,654		(4,026)		(35)%
Third-party grower and supplier costs	26,790		33,662		(6,872)		(20)%
Other costs	1,250		1,585		(335)		(21)%
Depreciation and amortization	3,640		3,532		108		3%
Agribusiness costs and expenses	$	65,203	$	79,550	$	(14,347)	(18)%

•Packing costs: Packing costs consist primarily of the costs to pack lemons for sale such as labor and benefits, cardboard cartons, fruit treatments, packing and shipping supplies, subcontracted costs and facility operating costs. We packed and sold 2,504,000 and 2,583,000 cartons of lemons at average per carton costs of $9.07 and $9.41, for the first six months of fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease in per carton packing costs was primarily due to decreased subcontracted costs.

•Harvest costs: The decrease for the first six months of fiscal year 2025, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2024, was primarily due to decreased volume of lemons harvested due to harvest timing.

•Growing costs: Growing costs, also referred to as cultural costs, consist of orchard maintenance costs such as cultivation, fertilization and soil amendments, pest control, pruning and irrigation. The decrease for the first six months of fiscal year 2025, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2024, was primarily due to the decrease in farm management growing costs related to the FMA termination, and farm management decisions made in response to weather, harvest timing and crop conditions.

•Third-party grower and supplier costs: We sell fruit that we grow and fruit that we procure from other growers and suppliers. The cost of procuring fruit from other growers and suppliers is referred to as third-party grower and supplier costs. The decrease for the first six months of fiscal year 2025, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2024, was primarily due to lower prices, partially offset by increased volume of third-party grower fruit sold. We incurred costs for third-party grower fruit of $21.8 million and $27.2 million, for the first six months of fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively. Of the 2,504,000 and 2,583,000 cartons of lemons packed and sold, 2,203,000 (88%) and 2,052,000 (79%) were procured from third-party growers at average per carton prices of $9.91 and $13.24, for the first six months of fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively. Additionally, we incurred $5.0 million and $6.5 million of costs for brokered fruit, for the first six months of fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively.

•Other costs: The decrease for the first six months of fiscal year 2025, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2024, was due to decreased freight costs, primarily related to a decrease in volume of lemons sold.

•Depreciation and amortization: Depreciation and amortization expense for the first six months of fiscal year 2025 was similar compared to the same period of fiscal year 2024.

Other operations expenses were $2.2 million for the first six months of fiscal year 2025, compared to $2.6 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024. The 17% decrease of $0.4 million was primarily due to severance benefits in fiscal year 2024.

Gain on sales of water rights was $1.5 million for the first six months of fiscal year 2025. There were no sales of water rights for the same period of fiscal year 2024.

Loss (gain) on disposal of assets, net was an immaterial loss for the first six months of fiscal year 2025, compared to a $(0.1) million gain for the same period of fiscal year 2024.

Selling, general and administrative costs and expenses were $12.2 million for the first six months of fiscal year 2025, compared to $14.7 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024. The 17% decrease of $2.5 million was primarily due to:

•$2.7 million decrease in legal and consulting fees associated with our strategic initiatives;

•$0.5 million net decrease in salaries, benefits and incentive compensation; and

•$0.7 million net increase in other selling, general and administrative expenses.

Other Income (Expense)

Total other income was $0.1 million for the first six months of fiscal year 2025, compared to $16.3 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024. The 99% decrease of $16.2 million was primarily due to:

•$16.1 million decrease of equity in earnings of investments, net, primarily due to LLCB’s closing of 554 residential homesites in the first six months of fiscal year 2024;

•$0.2 million decrease of other income, net; and

•$0.1 million decrease of interest expense, net of patronage dividends.

Income Taxes

We recorded an estimated income tax benefit (provision) of $2.1 million and $(1.0) million on pre-tax (loss) income of $(8.5) million and $3.9 million, for the first six months of fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively. The tax benefit recorded for the first six months of fiscal year 2025 differs from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21.0% primarily due to foreign jurisdictions that are taxed at different rates, state taxes, tax impact of stock-based compensation, executive compensation, nondeductible tax items and valuation allowances on certain deferred tax assets of foreign subsidiaries. Our projected annual effective blended tax rate for fiscal year 2025, excluding discrete items, is approximately 24.0%.

Net Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest

Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest reflects 10% of PDA’s net income and 49% of Trapani Fresh’s net loss for the first six months of fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Segment Results of Operations

We operate in four reportable operating segments: fresh lemons, lemon packing, avocados and other agribusiness. Our reportable operating segments are strategic business units with different products and services, distribution processes and customer bases. We evaluate the performance of our operating segments separately to monitor the different factors affecting financial results. Each segment is subject to review and evaluations related to current market conditions, market opportunities and available resources. See Note 17 - Segment Information for additional information regarding our operating segments.

Three Months Ended April 30, 2025 Compared to the Three Months Ended April 30, 2024

The following table shows the segment results of operations for the three months ended April 30, 2025 (in thousands):


	Fresh Lemons		Lemon Packing		Eliminations		Avocados		Other Agribusiness		Total Agribusiness		Corporate and Other		Total
Revenues from external customers	$	22,652	$	4,652	$	—	$	2,780	$	3,498	$	33,582	$	1,537	$	35,119
Intersegment revenues	—		9,196		(9,196)		—		—		—		—		—
Total net revenues	22,652		13,848		(9,196)		2,780		3,498		33,582		1,537		35,119
Costs and expenses	22,279		12,126		(9,196)		1,623		3,006		29,838		6,517		36,355
Depreciation and amortization	—		—		—		—		—		1,866		243		2,109
Operating (loss) income	$	373	$	1,722	$	—	$	1,157	$	492	$	1,878	$	(5,223)	$	(3,345)

The following table shows the segment results of operations for the three months ended April 30, 2024 (in thousands):


	Fresh Lemons		Lemon Packing		Eliminations		Avocados		Other Agribusiness		Total Agribusiness		Corporate and Other		Total
Revenues from external customers	$	30,841	$	4,964	$	—	$	2,348	$	5,104	$	43,257	$	1,349	$	44,606
Intersegment revenues	—		10,914		(10,914)		—		—		—		—		—
Total net revenues	30,841		15,878		(10,914)		2,348		5,104		43,257		1,349		44,606
Costs and expenses	28,869		13,588		(10,914)		1,425		5,680		38,648		8,533		47,181
Depreciation and amortization	—		—		—		—		—		1,788		312		2,100
Operating (loss) income	$	1,972	$	2,290	$	—	$	923	$	(576)	$	2,821	$	(7,496)	$	(4,675)

The following analysis should be read in conjunction with the previous section “Results of Operations.”

Fresh Lemons

Fresh lemons segment revenue is comprised of sales of fresh lemons, lemon by-products, brokered lemons and other lemon revenue. Our fresh lemons segment total net revenues were $22.7 million for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to $30.8 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024. The 26% decrease of $8.1 million was primarily due to:

•Fresh packed lemon sales decrease of $6.1 million;

•Brokered lemons and other lemon sales decrease of $1.4 million; and

•Lemon by-products sales decrease of $0.6 million.

Costs and expenses associated with our fresh lemons segment include growing costs, harvest costs and cost of lemons we procure from third-party growers and suppliers. Our fresh lemons segment costs and expenses were $22.3 million for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to $28.9 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024. The 23% decrease of $6.6 million was primarily due to:

•Third-party grower and supplier costs decrease of $3.1 million;

•Intersegment costs and expenses decrease of $1.7 million;

•Harvest costs decrease of $1.5 million; and

•Growing costs decrease of $0.3 million.

Lemon Packing

Lemon packing segment revenue is comprised of packing revenue and intersegment packing revenue. Our lemon packing segment total net revenues were $13.8 million for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to $15.9 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024. The 13% decrease of $2.1 million was primarily due to decreased volume of lemons packed and sold.

Costs and expenses associated with our lemon packing segment consist of the costs to pack lemons for sale such as labor and benefits, cardboard cartons, fruit treatments, packing and shipping supplies, subcontracted costs and facility operating costs. Our lemon packing costs and expenses were $12.1 million for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to $13.6 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024. The 11% decrease of $1.5 million was primarily due to decreased subcontracted costs.

Lemon packing segment operating income per carton sold was $1.27 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to $1.58 for the same period of fiscal year 2024.

The lemon packing segment included $9.2 million of intersegment revenues for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to $10.9 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024, that were charged to the fresh lemons segment to pack lemons for sale. Such intersegment revenues and expenses are eliminated in our consolidated financial statements.

Avocados

Our avocados segment had revenues of $2.8 million for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to $2.3 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024.

Costs and expenses associated with our avocados segment include growing and harvest costs. Our avocados segment costs and expenses were $1.6 million for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to $1.4 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024. The increase of $0.2 million was primarily due to:

•Growing costs increase of $0.3 million; and

•Harvest costs decrease of $0.1 million.

Other Agribusiness

Our other agribusiness segment total net revenues were $3.5 million for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to $5.1 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024. The 31% decrease of $1.6 million was primarily due to:

•Farm management revenues decrease of $1.7 million;

•Specialty citrus and wine grape revenues decrease of $0.2 million;

•Other revenues decrease of $0.1 million; and

•Orange revenues increase of $0.4 million.

Costs and expenses associated with our other agribusiness segment include growing costs, harvest costs, brokered fruit costs and shipping costs. Our other agribusiness costs and expenses were $3.0 million for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to $5.7 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024. The 47% decrease of $2.7 million was primarily due to:

•Growing costs decrease of $2.1 million;

•Brokered fruit costs decrease of $0.4 million; and

•Shipping costs decrease of $0.2 million.

Total agribusiness depreciation and amortization expenses were $1.9 million for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to $1.8 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024.

Corporate and Other

Our corporate and other operations revenues were $1.5 million for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to $1.3 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024.

Costs and expenses in our corporate and other operations primarily includes selling, general and administrative costs and expenses, and disposal of assets, net, not allocated to the operating segments. Costs and expenses in our corporate and other operations were $6.5 million for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to $8.5 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024. Depreciation and amortization expenses in our corporate and other operations were $0.2 million for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, compared to $0.3 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024.

Six Months Ended April 30, 2025 Compared to the Six Months Ended April 30, 2024

The following table shows the segment results of operations for the six months ended April 30, 2025 (in thousands):


	Fresh Lemons		Lemon Packing		Eliminations		Avocados		Other Agribusiness		Total Agribusiness		Corporate and Other		Total
Revenues from external customers	$	46,368	$	9,197	$	—	$	2,942	$	7,927	$	66,434	$	2,990	$	69,424
Intersegment revenues	—		16,466		(16,466)		—		—		—		—		—
Total net revenues	46,368		25,663		(16,466)		2,942		7,927		66,434		2,990		69,424
Costs and expenses	46,708		22,717		(16,466)		1,660		6,944		61,563		12,427		73,990
Depreciation and amortization	—		—		—		—		—		3,640		485		4,125
Operating (loss) income	$	(340)	$	2,946	$	—	$	1,282	$	983	$	1,231	$	(9,922)	$	(8,691)

The following table shows the segment results of operations for the six months ended April 30, 2024 (in thousands):


	Fresh Lemons		Lemon Packing		Eliminations		Avocados		Other Agribusiness		Total Agribusiness		Corporate and Other		Total
Revenues from external customers	$	58,225	$	10,556	$	—	$	2,348	$	10,467	$	81,596	$	2,741	$	84,337
Intersegment revenues	—		17,630		(17,630)		—		—		—		—		—
Total net revenues	58,225		28,186		(17,630)		2,348		10,467		81,596		2,741		84,337
Costs and expenses	57,710		24,306		(17,630)		1,425		10,207		76,018		16,581		92,599
Depreciation and amortization	—		—		—		—		—		3,532		626		4,158
Operating (loss) income	$	515	$	3,880	$	—	$	923	$	260	$	2,046	$	(14,466)	$	(12,420)

The following analysis should be read in conjunction with the previous section “Results of Operations.”

Fresh Lemons

Fresh lemons segment revenue is comprised of sales of fresh lemons, lemon by-products, brokered lemons and other lemon revenue. Our fresh lemons segment total net revenues were $46.4 million, for the first six months of fiscal year 2025, compared to $58.2 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024. The 20% decrease of $11.8 million was primarily due to:

•Fresh packed lemon sales decrease of $8.9 million;

•Brokered lemons and other lemon sales decrease of $2.1 million; and

•Lemon by-products sales decrease of $0.8 million.

Costs and expenses associated with our fresh lemons segment include growing costs, harvest costs and cost of lemons we procure from third-party growers and suppliers. Our fresh lemons segment costs and expenses were $46.7 million for the first six months of fiscal year 2025, compared to $57.7 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024. The 19% decrease of $11.0 million was primarily due to:

•Third-party grower and supplier costs decrease of $7.3 million;

•Harvest costs decrease of $1.4 million;

•Intersegment costs and expenses decrease of $1.2 million; and

•Growing costs decrease of $1.1 million.

Lemon Packing

Lemon packing segment revenue is comprised of packing revenue and intersegment packing revenue. Our lemon packing segment total net revenues were $25.7 million for the first six months of fiscal year 2025, compared to $28.2 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024. The 9% decrease of $2.5 million was primarily due to decreased volume of lemons packed and sold.

Costs and expenses associated with our lemon packing segment consist of the costs to pack lemons for sale such as labor and benefits, cardboard cartons, fruit treatments, packing and shipping supplies, subcontracted and facility operating costs. Our lemon packing costs and expenses were $22.7 million for the first six months of fiscal year 2025, compared to $24.3 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024. The 7% decrease of $1.6 million was primarily due to decreased subcontracted costs.

Lemon packing segment operating income per carton sold was $1.18 for the first six months of fiscal year 2025, compared to $1.50 for the same period of fiscal year 2024.

The lemon packing segment included $16.5 million of intersegment revenue for the first six months of fiscal year 2025, compared to $17.6 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024, that were charged to the fresh lemons segment to pack lemons for sale. Such intersegment revenues and expenses are eliminated in our consolidated financial statements.

Avocados

Our avocados segment revenues were $2.9 million for the first six months of fiscal year 2025, compared to $2.3 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024.

Costs and expenses associated with our avocados segment include growing and harvest costs. Our avocados segment costs and expenses were $1.7 million for the first six months of fiscal year 2025, compared to $1.4 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024. The 18% increase of $0.3 million was primarily due to increased growing costs.

Other Agribusiness

Our other agribusiness segment total net revenues were $7.9 million for the first six months of fiscal year 2025, compared to $10.5 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024. The 24% decrease of $2.6 million was primarily due to:

•Farm management revenues decrease of $2.6 million;

•Specialty citrus and wine grape revenues decrease of $0.8 million; and

•Orange revenues increase of $0.8 million.

Costs and expenses associated with our other agribusiness segment include growing costs, harvest costs, brokered fruit costs and shipping costs. Our other agribusiness costs and expenses were $6.9 million for the first six months of fiscal year 2025, compared to $10.2 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024. The 32% decrease of $3.3 million was primarily due to:

•Growing costs decrease of $3.2 million; and

•Shipping costs decrease of $0.3 million;

•Harvest costs decrease of $0.2 million; and

•Brokered fruit costs increase of $0.4 million;

Total agribusiness depreciation and amortization expenses were $3.6 million for the first six months of fiscal year 2025, compared to $3.5 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024.

Corporate and Other

Our corporate and other operations revenues were $3.0 million for the first six months of fiscal year 2025, compared to $2.7 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024.

Costs and expenses in our corporate and other operations primarily includes selling, general and administrative costs and expenses, sales of water rights and disposal of assets, net, none of which are allocated to the operating segments. Costs and expenses in our corporate and other operations were $12.4 million for the first six months of fiscal year 2025, compared to $16.6 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024. Depreciation and amortization expenses in our corporate and other operations were $0.5 million for the first six months of fiscal year 2025, compared to $0.6 million for the same period of fiscal year 2024.

Seasonal Operations

Historically, our agribusiness operations have been seasonal in nature with quarterly revenue fluctuating depending on the timing and the variety of crops being harvested. Cultural costs in our agribusiness tend to be higher for the first and second quarters and lower for the third and fourth quarters because of the timing of expensing cultural costs for the current year that were inventoried for the prior year. Our harvest costs generally increase for the second quarter and peak for the third quarter coinciding with the increase in production and revenue. Due to this seasonality and to avoid the inference that interim results are indicative of the estimated results for a full fiscal year, we present supplemental information for 12-month periods ended at the interim date for the current and preceding years.

Results of Operations for the Trailing Twelve Months Ended April 30, 2025 and 2024

The following table shows the unaudited results of operations (in thousands):


	Trailing Twelve Months Ended April 30,
	2025		2024
Net revenues:
Agribusiness	$	170,761	$	172,773
Other operations	5,829		5,493
Total net revenues	176,590		178,266
Costs and expenses:
Agribusiness	150,460		169,289
Other operations	4,843		4,976
Impairment of intangible asset	643		—
Gain on sales of water rights	(1,488)		—
(Gain) loss on disposal of assets	(378)		1,778

Selling, general and administrative	24,959		25,883
Total costs and expenses	179,039		201,926
Operating loss	(2,449)		(23,660)
Other income (expense):
Interest income	110		330
Interest (expense), net of patronage dividends	(891)		(876)
Equity in earnings of investments, net	2,316		21,640

Other income, net	9		20
Total other income	1,544		21,114
Loss before income tax (provision) benefit	(905)		(2,546)
Income tax (provision) benefit	(1,235)		636
Net loss	(2,140)		(1,910)
Loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	439		273
Net loss attributable to Limoneira Company	$	(1,701)	$	(1,637)

The following analysis should be read in conjunction with the previous section “Results of Operations.”

•Total revenues decreased $1.7 million, primarily due to decreased lemon, specialty and other crops, and farm management revenue, partially offset by increased avocado revenue.

•Total costs and expenses decreased $22.9 million, primarily due to decreased agribusiness costs and selling, general and administrative expenses.

•Total other income decreased $19.6 million, primarily due to decreased equity in earnings of investments, net related to LLCB.

•Income tax provision increased $1.9 million due to decreased pre-tax loss of $1.6 million and the effects of estimated interim tax provisions.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

Our primary sources of liquidity are cash and cash flows generated from our operations, use of our revolving credit facility, sales of assets and distributions from our equity investments. Our liquidity and capital position fluctuates during the year depending on seasonal production cycles, weather events and demand for our products. Typically, our first and last fiscal quarters coincide with the fall and winter months during which we are growing crops that are harvested and sold in the spring and summer, which are our second and third quarters. To meet working capital demand and investment requirements of our agribusiness and real estate development projects and to supplement operating cash flows, we utilize our revolving credit facility to fund agricultural inputs and farm management practices until sufficient returns from crops allow us to repay amounts borrowed. Raw materials needed to propagate the various crops grown by us consist primarily of fertilizer, herbicides, insecticides, fuel and water, all of which are readily available from local sources.

Material contractual obligations arising in the normal course of business consist primarily of purchase obligations, long-term fixed rate and variable rate debt and related interest payments and operating and finance leases. See Note 10 - Long-Term Debt and Note 11 - Leases for amounts outstanding as of April 30, 2025 related to debt and leases. Purchase obligations consist of contracts primarily related to packing supplies, the majority of which are due in the next three years.

We believe that the cash flows from operations and available borrowing capacity from our existing credit facilities will be sufficient to satisfy our capital expenditures, debt service, working capital needs and other contractual obligations for the next 12 months. We believe our revenue generating operations, distributions from equity investments and credit facilities will generate sufficient cash needed to operate beyond the next 12 months. In addition, we have the ability to control a portion of our investing cash flows to the extent necessary based on our liquidity demands.

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $4.0 million and $13.3 million for the six months ended April 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The significant components of our cash flows used in operating activities were as follows:

•Net (loss) income was $(6.4) million and $2.9 million for the six months ended April 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The components of net loss for the six months ended April 30, 2025, compared to net income for the same period of fiscal year 2024, consists of a decrease in total other income of $16.2 million, primarily related to LLCB equity earnings, a decrease in operating loss of $3.7 million and an increase in income tax benefit of $3.1 million.

•Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash used in operating activities:

◦Adjustments were $12.5 million and $(8.7) million for the six months ended April 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, primarily related to depreciation and amortization, gain on sales of water rights, stock compensation expense, equity in earnings of investments, net, cash distributions from equity investments and deferred income taxes.

◦Changes in operating assets and liabilities used $10.0 million and $7.5 million of operating cash for the six months ended April 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, primarily related to accounts receivables and receivables/other from related parties, cultural costs, accounts payable and growers and suppliers payable, and accrued liabilities and payables to related parties.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $6.5 million and $2.9 million for the six months ended April 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

▪The $6.5 million of cash used in investing activities for the six months ended April 30, 2025 was comprised primarily of capital expenditures of $6.5 million, mainly related to orchard and vineyard development, and equity investment contributions and capitalized interest of $2.0 million, partially offset by proceeds from sales of water rights of $1.7 million.

▪The $2.9 million of cash used in investing activities for the six months ended April 30, 2024 was comprised primarily of capital expenditures of $3.7 million, mainly related to orchard and vineyard development, partially offset by net proceeds from sales of assets of $0.9 million.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $9.6 million and $14.0 million for the six months ended April 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

•The $9.6 million of cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended April 30, 2025 was comprised primarily of net borrowings of long-term debt of $14.4 million, partially offset by common and preferred dividends of $3.0 million and the exchange of common stock of $1.3 million.

•The $14.0 million of cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended April 30, 2024 was comprised primarily of net borrowings of long-term debt of $19.2 million, partially offset by common and preferred dividends of $2.9 million and the exchange of common stock of $1.8 million.

Transactions Affecting Liquidity and Capital Resources

Credit Facilities and Long-Term Debt

We finance our working capital and other liquidity requirements primarily through cash from operations, distributions from equity investments and from our Credit Facility with AgWest Farm Credit, formerly known as Farm Credit West, (the “Lender”), which includes the Master Loan Agreement (the “MLA”), a revolving credit facility supplement (the “Revolving Credit Supplement”), a non-revolving credit facility supplement (the “Non-Revolving Credit Supplement” and, together with the Revolving Credit Supplement, the “Supplements”), and a Fixed Interest Rate Agreement, which extends principal repayment to July 1, 2026. The MLA governs the terms of the Supplements. In addition, we have COVID-19 loans in Chile. Additional information regarding these loans can be found in Note 10 - Long-Term Debt.

The Supplements provide aggregate borrowing capacity of $115.0 million, comprised of $75.0 million under the Revolving Credit Supplement and $40.0 million under the Non-Revolving Credit Supplement. As of April 30, 2025, our outstanding borrowings under the AgWest Farm Credit Facility were $54.9 million and we had $60.1 million of availability.

The MLA subjects us to affirmative and restrictive covenants including, among other customary covenants, financial reporting requirements, requirements to maintain and repair any collateral, restrictions on the sale of assets, restrictions on the use of proceeds, prohibitions on the incurrence of additional debt and restrictions on the purchase or sale of major assets of our business. We are also subject to a financial covenant that requires us to maintain compliance with a specific debt service coverage ratio of 1.25:1.0 on an annual basis. We were in compliance with the covenants as of October 31, 2024.

In fiscal years 2025 and 2024, the Lender declared an annual cash patronage dividend and we received $0.6 million in the six months ended April 30, 2025 and 2024.

Real Estate Development Joint Venture

On April 9, 2025, we received a cash distribution of $10.0 million representing our share of a $20.0 million distribution from our joint venture, Harvest at Limoneira. As of April 30, 2025, the 50%-owned unconsolidated joint venture had $37.3 million of unaudited cash and cash equivalents on hand.

Dividends

The holders of our Series B Convertible Preferred Stock and Series B-2 Preferred Stock are entitled to receive cumulative cash dividends. Such preferred dividends paid were $0.3 million for the six months ended April 30, 2025 and 2024.

Cash dividends declared for the six months ended April 30, 2025 and 2024 were $0.15 per common share. Such dividends paid were $2.7 million for the six months ended April 30, 2025 and 2024.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires us to develop critical accounting policies and make certain estimates, assumptions and judgments that may affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience, available relevant data and other information that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, and we continue to review and evaluate these estimates. Actual results may materially differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions as new or additional information becomes available in future periods. As of April 30, 2025, our critical accounting policies and estimates have not changed since the filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, as filed with the SEC on December 23, 2024. Please refer to that filing for a description of our critical accounting policies and estimates.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report for information concerning recent accounting pronouncements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

There have been no material changes in the disclosures discussed in the section entitled “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” in Part II, Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, as filed with the SEC on December 23, 2024.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures. As of April 30, 2025, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our “disclosure controls and procedures,” as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. There have been no significant changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended April 30, 2025, or, to our knowledge, in other factors that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls. Control systems, no matter how well conceived and operated, are designed to provide a reasonable, but not an absolute, level of assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we are a party to various lawsuits, arbitrations or mediations that arise in the ordinary course of business. The disclosure called for by Part II, Item 1 regarding our legal proceedings is incorporated by reference herein from Part I, Item 1 Note 15 - Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes in the disclosures discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, as filed with the SEC on December 23, 2024.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

During the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, we purchased shares of common stock as follows:


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)	Weighted Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (2)	Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (2)
February 1, 2025 - February 28, 2025	—	$	—	—	—
March 1, 2025 - March 31, 2025	—	$	—	—	—
April 1, 2025 - April 30, 2025	6,680	$	15.03	—	—
Total	6,680			—	—

(1) Shares were acquired from employees in accordance with our stock-based compensation plan as a result of share withholdings to pay income tax related to the vesting and distribution of restricted stock awards.

(2) In March 2025, our Company's Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program authorizing us to repurchase up to $30.0 million of our outstanding shares of common stock. The share repurchase program may be modified, suspended or discontinued at any time and does not commit the Company to repurchase shares of the common stock. No shares were repurchased under this program as of April 30, 2025.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits


Exhibit Number			Exhibit
3.1			Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Limoneira Company, dated July 5, 1990 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10, and amendments thereto, declared effective April 13, 2010 (File No. 000-53885))

3.2			Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation of Limoneira Company, dated April 22, 2003 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.7 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10, and amendments thereto, declared effective April 13, 2010 (File No. 000-53885))

3.3			Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation of Limoneira Company, dated March 24, 2010 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.9 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10, and amendments thereto, declared effective April 13, 2010 (File No. 000-53885))

3.4			Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation of Limoneira Company, dated March 29, 2017 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed March 31, 2017 (File No. 001-34755))

3.5			Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation of Limoneira Company, dated March 26, 2024 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed March 28, 2024 (File No. 001-34755))

3.6			Amended and Restated Bylaws of Limoneira Company, dated December 15, 2023 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company ’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 18, 2023 (File No. 001-34755))

4.1			Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, $.01 Par Value, of Limoneira Company, dated November 21, 2006 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.8 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10, and amendments thereto, declared effective April 13, 2010 (File No. 000-53885))

4.2			Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of $8.75 Voting Preferred Stock, $100.00 Par Value, Series B of Limoneira Company, dated May 21, 1997 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10, and amendments thereto, declared effective April 13, 2010 (File No. 000-53885))

4.3			Amended Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of $8.75 Voting Preferred Stock, $100.00 Par Value, Series B of Limoneira Company, dated May 21, 1997 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.5 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10, and amendments thereto, declared effective April 13, 2010 (File No. 000-53885))

4.4			Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of 4% Voting Preferred Stock, $100.00 Par Value, Series B-2 of Limoneira Company, dated March 20, 2014 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed March 24, 2014 (File No. 001-34755))

4.5			Description of Securities (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 of the Company ’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on December 22, 2022 (file No. 001-34755))


Exhibit Number			Exhibit
31.1*			Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a)

31.2*			Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a)

32.1*			Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.2*			Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101*			The following information from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 30, 2025 formatted in Inline XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) includes: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited), (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited), (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income (Unaudited), (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity and Temporary Equity (Unaudited), (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited), and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

104			The cover page for the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 30, 2025 has been formatted in Inline XBRL




*			Filed or furnished herewith. In accordance with Item 601(b)(32)(ii) of Regulation S-K and SEC Release Nos. 33-8238 and 34-47986, Final Rule: Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting and Certification of Disclosure in Exchange Act Periodic Reports, the certifications furnished in Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 hereto are deemed to accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and will not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act. Such certifications will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.

LIMONEIRA COMPANY

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


	LIMONEIRA COMPANY

June 9, 2025	By:	/s/ HAROLD S. EDWARDS
		Harold S. Edwards
		Director, President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

June 9, 2025	By:	/s/ MARK PALAMOUNTAIN
		Mark Palamountain
		Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)