FASB ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”, clarifies the definition of fair value for financial reporting, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and requires additional disclosures about the use of fair value measurements.

Various inputs are considered when determining the fair value of the Company’s debt. The inputs or methodologies used for valuing securities are not necessarily an indication of the risk associated with investing in these securities. These inputs are summarized in the six broad levels listed below:

The carrying value of financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value is measured on a recurring or a nonrecurring basis. Financial assets and liabilities measured on a non-recurring basis are those that are adjusted to fair value when a significant event occurs. The Company had no financial assets or liabilities carried and measured on a nonrecurring basis during the reporting periods. Financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis are those that are adjusted to fair value each time a financial statement is prepared. The Company had no financial assets or liabilities carried and measured on a recurring basis during the reporting periods.

The availability of inputs observable in the market varies from instrument to instrument and depends on a variety of factors, including the type of instrument, whether the instrument is actively traded, and other characteristics particular to the transaction. For many financial instruments, pricing inputs are readily observable in the market, the valuation methodology used is widely accepted by market participants, and the valuation does not require significant discretion of Management. For other financial instruments, pricing inputs are less observable in the market and may require judgment of Management.

Humankind, HLJ Huimeijia and HempCan maintain their books and accounting records in PRC currency “Renminbi” (“RMB”), which has been determined as the functional currency. The functional currency of China Health HK is the Hong Kong Dollar (“HKD”).

Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currencies are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transactions, as quoted by the Federal Reserve Board. Foreign currency exchange gains and losses resulting from these transactions are included in operations.

Humankind, HLJ Huimeijia, HempCan and China Health Hong Kong’s financial statements are translated into the reporting currency, the United States Dollar (“USD”). Assets and liabilities of the above entities are translated at the prevailing exchange rate at each reporting period end date. Contributed capital accounts are translated using the historical rate of exchange when capital is injected. Income and expense accounts are translated at the average rate of exchange during the reporting period. Translation adjustments resulting from the translation of these financial statements are reflected as accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders’ equity and non-controlling interests.

In accordance with Statement FASB ASC Topic 230, “Statement of Cash Flows”, cash flow from the Company’s operations is calculated based upon the local currencies and translated to the reporting currency using an average foreign exchange rate for the reporting period. As a result, amounts related to assets and liabilities reported in the statement of cash flows will not necessarily be the same as the corresponding balances on the balance sheets.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires Management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other assumptions and information that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Estimates and assumptions of future events and their effects cannot be perceived with certainty and, accordingly, these estimates may change as new events occur, as more experience is acquired, as additional information is obtained, and as the Company’s operating environment changes. Significant estimates and assumptions by Management include, among others, useful life of long-lived assets and intangible assets, valuation of inventory, accounts receivable and notes receivable, impairment analysis of long-lived assets, construction in progress, intangible assets, and deferred taxes. While Management believes that the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the financial statements are appropriate, actual results could differ from those estimates. Estimates and assumptions are periodically reviewed and the effects of revisions are reflected in the financial statements in the period they are determined to be necessary.

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, deposits in banks with maturities of six months or less, and all highly liquid investments which are unrestricted as to withdrawal or use and which have original maturities of six months or less at the time of purchase.

As of December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023, the Company’s uninsured bank balances were mainly maintained at financial institutions located in the PRC and Hong Kong. The uninsured bank balances were $15,343 and $47,246 as of December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023, respectively. The Company had no insured bank balances as of December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023. 

Accounts receivable is recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The Company extends unsecured credit to its customers in the ordinary course of business, but mitigates the associated risks by performing credit checks and actively pursuing past due accounts. An allowance for doubtful accounts is established and determined based on Management’s assessment of known requirements, aging of receivables, payment and bad debt history, the customer’s current credit worthiness, changes in customer payment patterns and the economic environment. From November 1, 2013, the Company changed its credit policy by offering ninety (90) day payment terms for sales agents. As of December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023, the balances of accounts receivable were $nil and $nil, respectively. The Company determines the allowance based on aging data, historical collection experience, customer specific facts, and economic conditions. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. The Company evaluated the nature of all accounts receivable then provided allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company has determined that an allowance of $30,566 and $51,188 was appropriate as of December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023, respectively.

The Company periodically makes advances to certain vendors for purchases of raw materials or to service providers for services relating to construction plans for its plants, equipment and production lines for GMP upgrading, and records these payments as advances to suppliers. As of December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023, advances to suppliers amounted to $217,488 and $198,157 , respectively.

Inventory consists of raw materials, work in progress, and finished goods or manufactured products.

Inventory is stated at the lower of either cost or market value and consists of materials, labor and overhead. HLJ Huimeijia uses the weighted average method for inventory valuation. The other subsidiaries of the Company use the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method for inventory valuation. Overhead costs included in finished goods include direct labor costs and other costs directly applicable to the manufacturing process. The Company evaluates inventory for excess, slow moving, and obsolete inventory, as well as inventory the value of which is in excess of its net realizable value. This evaluation includes analysis of sales levels by product and projections of future demand. If future demand or market conditions are less favorable than the Company’s projections, a write-down of inventory may be required, and would be reflected in cost of goods sold in the period the revision is made. The inventory allowance in the amounts of $nil and $nil were provided for as of December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023, respectively.

The Company’s long-lived assets and other assets are reviewed for impairment in accordance with the guidance of the FASB ASC Topic 360-10, “Property, Plant, and Equipment”, and FASB ASC Topic 205, “Presentation of Financial Statements”. The Company tests for impairment losses on long-lived assets used in operations whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of an asset to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the asset to the future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such asset is considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. Impairment evaluations involve Management’s estimates on asset useful life and future cash flows. Actual useful life and cash flows could be different from those estimated by Management, which could have a material effect on the Company’s reporting results and financial position. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques including discounted cash flow models, quoted market values, and third-party independent appraisals, as considered necessary. As of December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023, the Company had not experienced impairment losses on its long-lived assets. However, there can be no assurances that demand for the Company’s products or services will continue, which could result in an impairment of long-lived assets in the future.

Property, plants and equipment are carried at the lower of either cost or fair value. Maintenance, repairs and minor renewals are expensed as incurred, and major renewals and improvements that extend the life or increases the capacity of plant assets are capitalized.

When assets are retired or disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gains or losses are included in the results of operations in the reporting period of disposition.

Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the assets. The depreciable life applied are:

The Company evaluates intangible assets in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 350, “Intangibles — Goodwill and Other”. Intangible assets deemed to have indefinite life are not amortized, but are subject to annual impairment tests. If the assumptions and estimates used to allocate the purchase price are not correct, or if business conditions change, purchase price adjustments or future asset impairment charges could be required. The value of the Company’s intangible assets could be impacted by future adverse changes such as: (i) any future declines in the Company’s operating results, (ii) a decline in the valuation of technology, including the valuation of the Company’s common stock, (iii) a significant slowdown in the worldwide economy, or (iv) any failure to meet the performance projections included in the Company’s forecasts of future operating results. In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 350, the Company tests intangible assets for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently if the Company believes indicators of impairment exist. Impairment evaluations involve Management’s estimates of asset useful life and future cash flows. Significant judgment of Management is required in the forecasts of future operating results that are used in the evaluations. It is possible, however, that the plans and estimates used may be incorrect. If the Company’s actual results, or the plans and estimates used in future impairment analysis, are lower than the original estimates used to assess the recoverability of these assets, the Company could incur additional impairment charges in a future period. Based on such evaluations, there was no impairment recorded for intangible assets, for the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Construction in progress represents the costs incurred in connection with the construction of buildings or new additions to the Company’s plant facilities. Costs classified as construction in progress include all costs of obtaining the asset and bringing it to the location and condition necessary for its intended use. No depreciation is provided for construction in progress until such time as the assets are completed and are placed into service.

The Company reviews the carrying value of construction in progress for impairment whenever events and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable from the estimated future cash flows expected to result from its use and eventual disposition. In cases where undiscounted expected future cash flows are less than the carrying value of the assets, an impairment loss is recognized equal to an amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the assets. The factors considered by Management in performing this assessment include current operating results, trends and prospects, the manner in which the property is used, and the effects of obsolescence, demand, competition, and other economic factors. Based on this assessment, there was no impairments recorded for construction in progress, for the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. However, there can be no assurances that demand for the Company’s products or services will continue, which could result in an impairment of long-lived assets in the future.

The Company recognizes revenue at the amount to which it expects to be entitled when control of the products or services is identified in any contract and transferred to its customers. Control is generally transferred when the Company has a present right to payment and title and the significant risks and rewards of ownership of products or services are transferred to its customers while performance obligation are completed. For most of the Company’s products net sales, control transfers when products are shipped and transaction price are determined. The majority of the Company’s revenue relates to the sale of inventory to customers, and revenue is recognized when control of the products or services is transferred to its customers that reflects the performance obligations are properly allocated with transaction price and satisfied in the contract. Given the nature of the Company’s business and the applicable rules guiding revenue recognition, the Company’s revenue recognition practices do not contain estimates that materially affect the results of operations. The Company records revenue at the discounted selling price and allows its customers to return products for exchange or credit subject to certain limitations. A provision for such returns is recorded based upon historical experience. There has been no provision recorded for returns based upon historical experience for the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Cost of goods sold consists primarily of the costs of raw materials, freight charges, direct labor, depreciation of plants and machinery, warehousing and overhead costs associated with the manufacturing process, and commission expenses.

The Company adopts FASB ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes,” which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each period end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. A valuation allowance is established for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that these items will either expire before the Company is able to realize the benefits or that future deductibility is uncertain.

Under ASC 740, a tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The evaluation of a tax position is a two-step process. The first step is to determine whether it is more-likely-than-not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of any related appeals or litigations based on the technical merits of that position. The second step is to measure a tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not threshold to determine the amount of benefit to be recognized in the financial statements. A tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Tax positions that previously failed to meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold should be recognized in the first subsequent period in which the threshold is met. Previously recognized tax positions that no longer meet the more-likely-than-not criteria should be de-recognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which the threshold is no longer met. Penalties and interest incurred related to underpayment of income tax are classified as income tax expense in the year incurred. GAAP also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosures and transition.

As a result of the implementation of FIN 48 (ASC 740-10), the Company undertook a comprehensive review of its portfolio of tax positions in accordance with recognition standards established by FIN 48 (ASC 740-10). The Company recognized no material adjustments to liabilities or stockholders’ equity as a result of the implementation. The adoption of FIN 48 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

The application of tax laws and regulations is subject to legal and factual interpretation, judgment and uncertainty. Tax laws and regulations themselves are subject to change as a result of changes in fiscal policy, changes in legislation, the evolution of regulations and court rulings. Therefore, the actual liability may be materially different from the Company’s estimates, which could result in the need to record additional tax liabilities or potentially reverse previously recorded tax liabilities or deferred tax asset valuation allowance.

Under the Provisional Regulations of the PRC Concerning Income Tax on Enterprises promulgated by the PRC (the “EIT Law”), income tax is payable by enterprises at a rate of 25% of their taxable income.

The Provisional Regulations of the PRC Concerning Value Added Tax promulgated by the State Council came into effect on January 1, 1994. Under these regulations and the Implementing Rules of the Provisional Regulations of the PRC Concerning Value Added Tax, value added tax (“VAT”) is imposed on goods sold in, or imported into, the PRC and on processing, repair and replacement services provided within the PRC.

VAT payable in the PRC is charged on an aggregated basis at a rate of 13% or 16% (depending on the type of goods involved) on the full price collected for the goods sold or, in the case of taxable services provided, at a rate of 16% on the charges for the taxable services provided, but excluding, in respect of both goods and services, any amount paid in respect of VAT included in the price or charges, and less any deductible VAT already paid by the taxpayer on purchases of goods and services in the same financial year. As of December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2023, VAT payables were $44,423 and $37,119, respectively.

Pursuant to the tax law and regulations of the PRC, the Company is obligated to pay 7% and 5% of the annual aggregate VAT paid by the Company as taxes for the purposes of maintaining and building cities and educational facilities, which fees are included as sales-related taxes. Sales-related taxes are recorded when sales revenue is recognized. Sales-related taxes were $nil and $nil for the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

All of the Company’s manufacturing is located in the PRC. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to successfully continue to manufacture its products and failure to do so would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Moreover, the success of the Company’s operations is subject to numerous contingencies, some of which are beyond management’s control. These contingencies include general economic conditions, prices of raw materials, competition, governmental and political conditions, and changes in regulations. Since the Company is dependent on trade in the PRC, the Company is subject to various additional political, economic and other uncertainties. Among other risks, the Company’s operations will be subject to the risks of restrictions on transfer of funds, domestic customs, changing taxation policies, foreign exchange restrictions, and political and governmental regulations. The Company operates in China, which may give rise to significant foreign currency risks from fluctuations and the degree of volatility of foreign exchange rates between U.S. dollars and the Chinese currency RMB. The results of operations denominated in foreign currency are translated at the average rate of exchange during the reporting periods.

Basic (loss)/earnings per common share are computed by dividing net (loss)/earnings applicable to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. When applicable, (loss)/diluted earnings per common share is determined using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, adjusted for the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents, consisting of shares that might be issued upon exercise of common stock options and warrants. For the six months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no potential dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding.

Potential common shares issued are calculated using the treasury stock method, which recognizes the use of proceeds that could be obtained upon the exercise of options and warrants in computing diluted earnings per share. It assumes that any proceeds would be used to purchase common stock at the average market price of the common stock during the period.

FASB ASC Topic 260, “Earnings Per Share”, requires a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) computations.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326) – Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (ASU 2016-13). The main objective of the standard is to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. In issuing this standard, the FASB is responding to criticism that today’s guidance delays recognition of credit losses. The standard will replace today’s “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” model. The new model, referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model, will apply to: (1) financial assets subject to credit losses and measured at amortized cost, and (2) certain off-balance sheet credit exposures. The standard is applicable to loans, accounts receivable, trade receivables, and other financial assets measured at amortized cost, loan commitments and certain other off-balance sheet credit exposures, debt securities (including those held-to-maturity) and other financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, and beneficial interests in securitized financial assets. The CECL model does not apply to available-for-sale debt securities. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, entities will measure credit losses in a manner similar to what they do today, except that the credit losses will be recognized as allowances rather than reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. Accordingly, the new methodology will be utilized when assessing the Company’s financial instruments for impairment. As a result, entities will recognize improvements to estimated credit losses immediately in earnings rather than as interest income over time, as they do today. The ASU also simplifies the accounting model for purchased credit-impaired debt securities and loans. ASU 2016-13 also expands the disclosure requirements regarding an entity’s assumptions, models, and methods for estimating the allowance for loan and lease losses. ASU 2016-13 is effective for years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years under a modified retrospective approach. Early adoption is permitted for the periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company adopted the guidance from July 1, 2020. The Company finalized its analysis and the adoption of this guidance has no material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and its internal controls over financial reporting.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) – Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement (ASU 2018-13), which modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements, including removing the requirement to disclose (1) the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, (2) the policy for timing of transfers between levels and (3) the valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. ASU 2018-13 also added new disclosures including the requirement to disclose (a) the changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements held at the end of the reporting period and (b) the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. ASU 2018-13 is effective for fiscal years (and interim reporting periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2019 and early adoption is permitted. This standard will only impact the disclosures pertaining to fair value measurements. The Company adopted the guidance from July 1, 2020. The Company finalized its analysis and the adoption of this guidance has no material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and its internal controls over financial reporting.